UB1 CCA

Topic:Two and Three Dimensional Artworks

A. Meaning of Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) Artwork

Two-Dimensional Artwork (2D):

- These are artworks that have only length and width, but no depth.
- They are flat and can be viewed from one side only.
- Examples include: painting, drawing, photography, printmaking, textiles.

Three-Dimensional Artwork (3D):

- These are artworks that have length, width, and depth.
- They occupy space and can be viewed from all sides.
- Examples include: sculpture, ceramics, pottery, architecture, installation art.

B. Examples of Two and Three Dimensional Artworks

Material Used For Type of Artwork

Colour/Paint Painting drawing 2D
Brushes Applying paint 2D
Cardboard/Paper Drawing collage model making
Clay Pottery sculpture 3D
Cement Sculpture architectural models 3D
Wood Carving sculpture 3D
Paper Mache Mask making model creation 3D

4. Evaluation:

A. Theory Questions:

1. What is the difference between two-dimensional and three-dimensional artwork?

Give two examples each.
2. Explain what you understand by:
- (a) 2D artwork
- (b) 3D artwork
3. List four examples of 2D artworks and explain any two.
4. Mention three materials used in making 3D artworks and give one use for each.

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B. Objective Questions:

Choose the correct answer from the options below.

1. Which of these is a 2D artwork?

- a) Sculpture
- b) Drawing
- c) Pottery
- d) Architecture

2. The following are examples of 3D artworks EXCEPT:

- a) Ceramic vase
- b) Painting
- c) Sculpture
- d) Wooden carving
3. Which of the following materials is NOT commonly used for 2D artworks?
 - a) Brush
- b) Clay
- c) Paint
- d) Pencil

4. An artwork that has length, width, and depth is called:

- a) One-dimensional
- b) Two-dimensional
- c) Three-dimensional
- d) Four-dimensional

5. Which of these is an example of textile art?

- a) Pottery
- b) Drawing
- c) Weaving
- d) Photography

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5. Assignment:

1. Draw and label one example each of a 2D and a 3D artwork.

2. Write down five materials used in making 3D artworks and state how they are used.

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6. Summary:

In this lesson, we learned about two types of artworks — 2D and 3D. We identified
their meanings, examples, and the materials used in creating them. Understanding the
difference between 2D and 3D helps us appreciate various forms of artistic expression
in our environment.

TOPIC: Production of Models with Paper:

Objectives: By the end of this lesson the students will be able to:
i. Explain modeling in art.
ii. Define Papier Mache.
iii. List materials and tools used in Papier Mache.
iv. Describe the methods of preparing papier-mache
v. Mention the uses of papier-mache
vi. Make a Model with Paper Mash.
Period 1
MODELLING
Modeling is the art of moulding objects with different materials like papier-maché,
clay, plasticine, cement etc.
MEANING OF PAPIER MACHE
i. It is a process of making pulp from paper (old newspaper, cardboard sheets
or tissue paper) used for modeling objects.
ii. Papier - Mache is repulped paper mixed with glue or paste used to mould
objects.
iii. It is a French word which means mashed paper used to produce modeled
objects.

MATERIALS AND TOOLS NEEDED FOR PAPIER MACHE

(i) Old newspaper, old Calendars, tissue paper. (ii) Water (iii) Starch
(iv)vegetable oil or grease (v) Scissors/cutter (vi) Mortar and pestle
(vii) Bowl (viii) Spoon (ix) Paint (x) Brush(xi) Spatulas.
PREPARATION AND THE MAKING OF PAPIER-MACHE FOR MODELLING
 Cut the paper into small bits or strips, approximately ½ in wide.
 Soak the small bits of papers inside water for at least 24 hours. (tissue paper
should be soaked for few minutes)
 Remove the soaked pieces of paper and squeeze out the excess water.
 Pound the soak paper inside Mortar and Pestle. (tissue paper may not be
pounded because it is already soft)
 Remove the pounded pulp from the Mortar into a bowl.
 Prepare cassava starch with hot water and mix to a fairly thick consistency
(like the preparation of pap)
 Mix the paper pulp with the starch properly when the starch is cool(white glue
can also be used in place of starch)
The prepared pulp can be used to mould objects like bowl, cup, jugs, animals etc.

DIP AND PASTE METHOD OF PAPER-MACHE MODELLING

The technique involves the cutting of papers into strips, soaking them in the
prepared starch and laying the stripes on the greased surface of a plate or bowl
that will serve as the mould that the dry paper will take its shape. The surface of
the plate can be greased with vegetable oil or grease.

USES OF PAPIER MACHE

1. Papier-mache modeling can be used to teach students about three
dimensional shapes and form.
2. Objects made from papier-mache can be used as teaching aids in laboratory
and classroom.
3. Papier-mache modeling can be used to teach the student how to manage waste
in our environment.
4. Papier-mache can also be used as an avenue to teach improvisation in art class.
5. Papier-mache products can be used for decoration.

PERIOD 2
Practical work on papier mache.
EVALUATION
i. Explain the term, modeling
ii. Define papier- mache
iii. Explain how you can prepare papier- mache for modeling
iv. Mention two uses of papier -mache

Reading Assignment:
Cultural and creative Arts for Junior Secondary School by S.C. Nguma. Chapter
10, page 46-51
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Plates are used as ______in the dip and paste method of papier-mache
production (a) containers (b) models (c) mould (d) starch
2. Papier mache is repulped paper mixed with ________ or _________ to mould

3. papier mache is a _____ word which means mashed paper used to produce
modeled objects. (a)French (b) English (c) Latin (d) Portuguese

4. Examples of materials and tools needed for papier mache are ____ and
_______ (a) water and starch (b) soap and sponge (c) Tire and tube (d) glass
and wiper

5. One of the following is not a material for modeling in art. (a) papier-mache (b)
clay(c) glass (d) plasticine
ESSAY QUESTION
1. Explain the preparation of papier mache for molding object
2. Mention at least five materials and tools needed for papier- mache

TOPIC: Introdution to Local craft-Basic Concept ;(a) Definition of local craft

(b)Types of materials for making craft(c)tool and equipment for making local
craft(d)Craft and location
Definition of Local Craft:
Crafts are manually produced objects, meant to serve a particular purpose of human
needs. They can also be
Called handicraft. It is so because the use of skilled hand is involved. They are
produced with local materials. The person who makes craft is called a craftsman.
Types of materials for making craft
(i)Paperwork
In paperwork, papers of different colours are used and folded and cut in different
ways.
Materials:
-Different types of paper, Gum, Cutting knife, scissors, Pencils e t c
(ii)Tie dye:
This is the process by which cloth is tied to prevent dye from penetrating .Another
name for cloth is fabric
Materials
Fabric, different colours of dyes, chemical (caustic soda, sodium hydrosulphite, bowl,
rope, handgloves, Longstick, Iron, starch e t c
(iii)Batiks
Batiks is the process of using candle or bee wax to cover a fabric thereby preventing
dye from entering. The wax is melted and applied with a brush on the fabrics. Method
of wax application includes stenciling method, free hand and stamping. The tool used
is called Tjanting. It is used to apply hot wax on desired areas of fabric. When this
tool is not available, the designer improvises using hog brush or ties a small foam to a
stick
Materials
Bee wax/candle wax, dyes of different colours, coldwater, bowl, flat table
(iv)Basketry
The simplest forms of weaving are baskets of all kinds. Basketry is a craft in which a
container is made from interwoven strips of flexible material
Materials
-palm fronds, grasses, coconut fibres, jutes, sisal fibres,
CRAFT LOCATION
1.Blacksmithing Akwa,Lokoja,Anambra,Kano,Umuoparambaise
in Imo state,Jos Plateau
2.Weaving Kaduna, Abakaliki in Eboyi State,Benin
Badagry,oyo,Abeokuta,Akwete,Okene
3.Sculpture Oyo,Benin
4.Dyeing Abeokuta,Oshogbo,Kano,Maiduguri,Lagos
5.Leather work Kano,Sokoto,Maidugiri.
6.Beadwork Nasarawa,Bida,Benin,Ekiti.
7.Animal horn Sokoto,Bauchi,Borno,Kano
8.Carving Akwa,Benin,Nupe,Yoruba.
9.Calabash carving Oyo,kano

Evaluation
1. Explain the meaning of craft.
2. List five important crafts and their locations in Nigeria.
3. Mention the materials for weaving.
Reading Assignment
Cultural and creative art for junior secondary schools 1 by S.C. Nguma et al,pg 21-32
Weekend Assignment
1. Which of these set of material is suitable for weaving?
a. Grasses, cane, thread, raffia.
b. Rubber, straw, tissue paper, clay.
c. ruler, tissue, Oil, soap, mallet.
d. wood, gold, bronze, knife, chisel.
2. -------are manually produced objects meant to serve a particular purpose of human
needs
a.craft b.table c.soap d.food
3. Pick the odd one out of this group
a.Leather work b.embroidery c.poster making d.calabash decoration
4.In which of this town is calabash carving most popular?
a.Ife b.Oyo c.Benin d.Enugu
5. Which of the following materials can act as a form of resist in tie dye method?
a.wax or thread b.raffia or twine c.stone or starch d.cotton wool or bandage
6. Another name for cloth in textile design is----------a.Yarn b.Fabric c.Clothe d.Calic
7. The tools used in batick is called
a. felt pen b.tjanting c.brush d.spindle
8. You dye your cloth in----------- water(a)cold (b)warm (c)hot(d)lukewarm
9. Method of wax application include----------------(a)stenciling method (b)free hand
(c)stamping (d)all of the above.
10. A person who made craft is called------------(a)craft man (b)caver (c)apprentice
(d)student
THEORY
1. List five craft that you know
2. What is the location of the following? Tie dye, weaving, blacksmithing and
beadwork.

TOPIC: MAKING OF MODEL WITH PAPER FOLDING TECHNIQUE

OBJECTIVES: By the end of this lesson the students will be able to:
a. Explain the meaning of paper folding techniques
b. Identify the materials, and tools to be used
c. List the method of paper folding technique and making model
d. Mention the use of model.

PERIOD 1
MEANING OF PAPER FOLDING TECHNIQUES
Paper folding techniques mean shaping or building prototype of different geometric or
basic shapes and sizes to form cuboids, pyramids, abstract, sculptural figures etc.
MATERIALS AND TOOLS
The basic materials for paper folding techniques includes: a. chipboard b. cardboard, c.
strawboard, d. embossed card, e. drawing sheet, f. brown paper and g. adhesive (glue
or gum). Other materials include: pencil and instruments for cutting (razor blade,
cutter, scissors) others are ruler, compass or measuring tape.
PROCESS OF PAPER FOLDING
The type of model to be constructed determines the method and materials to be used.
This is because the method for constructing a building model (prototype) is different
from the one for constructing pyramid or cuboid.
FOLDING A CUBOID
A cuboid is a solid object which has six rectangular sides that stand at right angle to
one another. This can be got by assembling two cubes side by side. ( a cube is a solid
with six equal sides and all its angle are at right angle)
Step 1: Sketch the object you desire on a piece of cardboard as shown below. Make
sure all the six squares are equal. (it will be good to create flaps on the sides of section
1 of the squares to help for easy pasting of the adhesive)

(Check the next page)

6 3 2

Step 2: cut out the drawing

Step 3: fold the cardboard along the dotted line to form a square shape
Step 4; open the square cardboard to form a cube
Step 5: now use adhesive (glue, gum) to join the wings together. (You can easily
apply the adhesive on the flaps)
Step 6: produce as many cuboids as possible like six or eight and gum them together
in a creative manner as you desire.
EVALUATION
1. Explain paper folding techniques.
2. List five materials for paper folding work.
3. Describe the process of folding a cube.
PERIOD 2
FOLDING A PYRAMID
A pyramid is a large building with a square or triangular base and slopping sides that
meet in a point at the top. It could be simply described as the assemblage of 3 or 4
equilateral triangles to form a solid object.
Step 1: on a piece of cardboard, mark out a four inch equilateral triangle and cut it
out ( in order to create flap on which the other sides will rest, you will need to
proceed to step 2 & 3 before cutting)
Step 2: locate the midpoint of each side with the aid of a ruler to be accurate.
Step 3: with the aid of pencil and ruler join the midpoints together.
Step 4: fold the cardboard along the inner triangle and apply adhesive on the edge of
the pyramid to have a perfect point at the top.
USES OF PAPER FOLDING TECHNIQUES
1. It develops the students’ accuracy.
2. It develops sense of harmony in the student.
3. It helps in the basic training of anything construction.
4. It is used for structural composition
5. It is used for the production of learning materials such as three-dimensional
objects/design.
6. It develops a sense of creativity in students
SAFETY MEASURES
1. Avoid the use of razor blades, use scissors or cutter
2. Measure accurately to prevent waste of materials
EVALUATION
1. Mention five uses of paper folding techniques
2. What are the safety measures in paper folding techniques
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Create a composition of different forms that are stuck together using the paper folding
technique.

TOPIC: MOSAIC
-MEANING OF MOSAIC
-MATERIALS AND TOOLS IN MAKING MOSAIC
CONTENT
Mosaic is a type of inlaid design composed of small pieces of paper,
stone, metals, glass, beads etc generally used for decoration.
It is also the making of art work with coloured stones, beads, seeds or
glass stucked together on a surface.
Mosaics have a rough texture.
Materials and tools in making mosaic includes beads, stones, pebbles,
glasses, broken bottles, dress buttons, glue, gum, paint brush, knife, pair
of scissors, ruler, plywood, hardwood and strawboard.
THE PRODUCTION OF MOSAIC WORK.
To produce a mosaic work, follow these steps:
Step 1: find different mosaic object.
Step 2: sketch or draw the desired image on a flat surface.
Step 3: cut or break the materials sourced in step 1 into pieces for usage.
Step 4: apply strong glue or gum to the surface.
Step 5: arrange the materials on your drawing according to plan.
Continue this process until the desired image or form is obtained.
EVALUATION
1. Explain the meaning of mosaic
2. State five (5) materials and tools for mosaic.
SUB-TOPIC
MOSAIC (PRACTICAL)
NOTE: Educators should guide the student in producing mosaic.
EVALUATION:
Design a mosaic with the aid of bead on a hard/plywood.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and creative arts for junior secondary school by SC Nguma. Pg
55.

WEEK 9
TOPIC; MOSAIC
-USES OF MOSAIC
-DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLLAGE AND MOSAIC.
CONTENT
USES OF MOSAIC.
1. They are used in producing wall decorations
2. Mosaic replaced the use of colours in painting picture.
3. It is a method of creating forms such as mask.
4. It is less expensive since most of the materials can be found
readily.
5. It encourages patience and endurance in students.
6. It creates a beautiful effect when viewed from a distance.

EVALUATION
1. Mention three (3) uses of mosaic.
SUB-TOPIC
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COLLAGE AND MOSAIC.
1. Difference between the two lies mainly in the media. While
mosaic employs only one medium, in collage, two or more media
can be combine to create a picture.
2. Mosaic could be executed on the floor without minding people’s
movement on them. Unlike collage that could not be fixed on the
floor for people to match upon.
3. Collage is open up to wider range of materials than mosaic.
4. Mosaic has older history than collage.
5. Mosaic enjoys more permanence than collage. Mosaic is a
painting for eternity while collage may not stand the test of time.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN COLLAGE AND MOSAIC.
They are both regarded as painting technique and they are two
dimensional in nature. Both can be practiced within the classroom
environment.
EVALUATION
Explain the differences between collage and mosaic.
Write 2 similarities between collage and mosaic.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and creative arts for junior secondary school by SC Nguma,
page 55, and Visual arts made easy for junior secondary by Ibrahim
Banjoko, page 83
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Write five (5) uses of mosaic.
2. State two differences and similarities of mosaic and collage.
 TOPIC: THEORY OF MUSIC
CONTENT
 Definition of music.
 Uses of music.
 Impact or effect of music.

DEFINITION
Music is a combination of organized sounds that is pleasant to the ear. It is an orderly
arrangement of sounds that make sense to the ear.

MEANING- Music has been in existence since time immemorial. Music is created
when all musical instruments are played in a synchronized manner such that the
sounds or tunes produced are pleasant to the ear.

USES OF MUSIC
1. It plays a key role during religious worship.
2. It serves as a means of entertainment
3. In wrestling contest, music is played at the background to invite the wrestler
into the ring.
4. Music serves as a medium of passing information to the public through
advertisement.

IMPACTOR EFFECT OF MUSIC

1. It moulds and mars one’s life.
2. It positively calms the mind of a bereaved person who lost a loved one.
3. Music projects important dignitaries in the society thereby making them
famous.
4. Mothers sing songs to lure a baby to sleep.(Lullaby)
5. Music changes one’s mood in just a few notes.

EVALUATION
1. What is music?
2. State two functions of music.
3. Mention two effects of music on the human race.

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. What do we call an invented story that is portrayed in a written dramatic text?
 2. State the difference between scripted and non-scripted drama.
3. Mention the seven English alphabets in music.
4. What is lettering?
5. Differentiate between Gothic and Roman letters.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Cultural and Creative Art (New Edition) by Peter Akinyemi& Co-Authors. (Book 1)

REFERENCE PAGE
Pages 46 – 49

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The orderly arrangement of notes, beat ,bar ,accents and phrases produce a
flow in music called ………(a) rhythm (b) pitch (c) intensity (d) timbre
2. ……..is a quiet, gentle song sung to send a child to sleep. (a) Lullaby (b)
Insult song (c) Folk song (d) Funeral song
3. ………………………...is the written or printed signs representing vocal or
instrumental sound. (a) Music (b) Noise (c) Vibration (d) None of the
above.
4. Which one of the following is NOT a form of music? (a) Ballet (b) Insult song
(c) Funeral song (d) Cradle song
5. What kind of music moulds one’s life positively.(a) Circular music (b) Gospel
music (c) Unchristian music (d) R & B

THEORY
1. List two effects of music.
2. State one function of music.