Volume-3,Issue-5, May 2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology

ISSN-NO-2584-2706

Comparative Analysis for Web Development Performance in

Node.JS and Python Technologies
Anuradha Muttemwar; Yash Likhar; Rushikesh Bagade
Department of MCA, G H Raisoni College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, India

Abstract: building high performance and scalable network

In the actual world of contemporary web applications, it uses event-driven, non-blocking
development, the selection of backend input output and asynchronous paradigm [6].
technologies is crucial to the scalability, Python is a free, general-purpose, high-level, and
efficiency, and performance of applications. easily comprehensible programming language.
Node.js and Python are two of the most popular For web development, automation, machine
technologies for web application development, learning, data analysis, software development,
each with different strengths based on the use and artificial intelligence (AI) applications,
case. This review paper compares Node.js and Python is one of the most popular programming
Python performance in web development based languages use in current time [2]. Owing to its
on important parameters like processing speed, simplicity in usage and huge support that it has by
scalability, concurrency handling, resource the way of excellent sets of libraries and
utilization, and ecosystem maturity. By analysing frameworks, Python has emerged as one of the
real-world use cases, and community adoption most common programming languages to date
trends, the main aim of this study is to provide following its invention by Guido van Rossum in
guide for the developers and organizations in the late 1980s and release in the year 1991.
selecting the appropriate technology for their Node.js's asynchronous, event-driven design and
projects. Python, which is an adaptable programming
language with the Flask and Django frameworks,
Keywords: Backend technologies, Scalability, are frequently matched up for web development
Efficiency, Performance, Node.js, Python, Web performance. This review article explores the
applications, Processing speed, Scalability processes involved in website development, the
evolution of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs),
1. Introduction historical usage of websites, mobile website
Web development has also changed significantly optimization, and provides a comparative study of
in recent times due to technological Node.js using Express and Python using Flask
advancements, pressure from users, and growing [2].
dependence on the internet. Sites must be secure,
safe, scalable and provide better user experiences 2. Literature Review
on all platforms along with being functional. With the advancement of web development
Python and Node.js are two technologies that technologies, Node.js and Python are two
have become very popular when it comes to prominent options. With the V8 engine of
online development, particularly backend Chrome, Node.js is described to be event-driven
development. Node.js is built on the open-source and non-blocking in character and excels in
V8 high-performance JavaScript engine of handling a lot of connections simultaneously [7].
Google. It converts JavaScript functions into Python itself is an adaptable and open language
machine codes with high performance and pace with strong frameworks like Django and Flask
[6]. Node.js provide outstanding performance in that accelerate development. These systems have
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Volume-3,Issue-5, May 2025 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology
ISSN-NO-2584-2706

been placed in perspective by studies on their 3. Frontend Development: Frontend parts of the
efficiency, scalability, concurrency, and speed. site which are user intractable are created here.
Node.js's asynchronous and high-throughput Client-side website is created based on frontend
design make it appropriate for real-time technology such as HTML, CSS, and
applications as posited by the researchers, JavaScript (with libraries being React, Angular,
whereas Python's interpretive nature makes it or Vue).
inappropriate for CPU-bound work but highly
efficient in data processing applications [7]. 4. Backend Development: Server-side executes
Python is also crippled by the Global Interpreter business logic, database operations, and APIs
Lock (GIL), which prevents it from executing during this development. Some of the most
code concurrently, while Node.js can take popular backend development frameworks are
advantage of concurrency through the use of an PHP, Ruby on Rails, Python, and Node.js.
event loop. There are also security distinction
differences in regards to considerations; Node.js 5. Quality Assurance and Testing: The site is
needs extra security provisions to handle tested strictly on performance, usability,
dependencies, while Python frameworks security, and functionality during development.
incorporate built-in security provisions [9]. These are predominantly standard, i.e., unit
As case studies suggest, libraries such as testing, integration testing, and user acceptance
Instagram and Dropbox utilize Python's high-level testing.
data-handling features, while Netflix and PayPal
prefer Node.js in situations of high concurrency. 6. Deployment: Tested and validated, a site is
Either Node.js or Python usage is based on the deployed on a server. In hosting, one uses
project requirements; Python would be better for platforms such as Heroku, Google Cloud, and
secure and scalable web solutions, while Node.js AWS.
would be better for high-concurrency real-time
solutions. Hybrid solutions based on both 7. Maintenance: Regular monitoring, debugging,
technologies' strengths could be investigated content update, and performance optimization
further [5]. for maintaining the site up to date and in
running mode after deployment.
3. Process Involved In Creating A Website
Web development is a process of repetition where 4. Execution Time And Speed
care has to be taken at every step towards making Speed of execution of the backend is quite likely
the final product scalable, functional, and usable. the single most critical consideration in web
The very first steps in web development are: development. Node.js tends to out sweep
Python for sheer speed at many operations, at
1. Planning and Research: Target audience, least that's what's suggested by performance
purpose, and minimum requirements of the benchmarks, especially for handling many
website are determined prior to development. requests simultaneously.
Wireframes are defined, user flow defined, and  Node.js Performance: Node.js can handle
content requirements gathered under this step. many requests concurrently because it is non-
2. Design: In this, UI and layout is planned, blocking and has an event-loop. Because it has
typography and color are selected, and visual an event-loop with a single thread, it is very
mockups are created. Adobe XD, Sketch, and effective with calls that yield I/O-bound like
Figma are most commonly used. API calls and database reads.The V8 JavaScript
runtime even ahead-of-time compiles

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ISSN-NO-2584-2706

JavaScript into machine code in a bid to reduce  Comparison: Because Node.js architecture is
runtime [4]. event-driven and it handles asynchronous
operations better than Python, it tends to
 Python Performance: Python is slower perform better in real-time applications (such
because it is an interpreted language as well as as chat apps and real-time data feeds)
because it has Global Interpreter Lock (GIL),
which limits it to execute more than one task 6. Scalability
within a single process. By using Python along Scalability is another very crucial thing to bear
with other high-performance libraries or by a in mind when creating web applications,
multi-threaded or multi-process method, its particularly for business organizations
performance can be improved [1] anticipating large traffic growth.

 Comparison: Node.js can handle thousands of  Node.js Scalability: The lightness and non-
requests per second with ease in a basic HTTP blocking nature of Node.js allow it to be highly
request-response test much ahead of Python scalable. Since it can handle thousands of
web frameworks such as Flask and Django, connections at virtually zero cost, it is best
which have lower throughputs. placed to build scalable systems, most
especially micro services and APIs.
5. Concurrency and Asynchronous Processing
Web applications today have to be able to  Python Scalability: Although Python may
handle multiple users at once, and a capability scale well using tools like Celery for job
of the backend system to handle concurrency queuing or Gunicorn for managing concurrent
can enable it to perform better. requests, it typically needs more overhead than
Node.js to execute at comparable levels.
 Concurrency Model for Node.js: Node.js is a Although load balancing allows frameworks
system that can handle many requests like Django to scale horizontally, Python's
simultaneously within one thread since Node.js synchronous nature can cause problems in
is designed using an event-driven, non- settings with extremely high concurrent
blocking I/O model. It is the reason why requirements.
Node.js is especially well-fitted for applications
consisting of I/O-bound operations as well as  Comparison: Node.js provides a more
high-scale complexity. [8]. effective scaling strategy for applications with
a lot of I/O and significant traffic. Large-scale
 Concurrency model for Python: Python systems, however, might need additional
incorporates a synchronous model by default resources and careful architecture planning
without explicit setting for asynchronous when using Python.
processing and returns requests sequentially.
Asynchronous programming is made possible 7. Resource Utilization
by libraries such as Python's asyncio, however Optimal utilization of the resources of a system
the GIL restricts the capacity to execute Python is as crucial as enhanced performance of a web
code concurrently on many CPU cores. Python application.
is capable of handling concurrency at scale  Node.js Resource Utilization: Node.js
when paired with multi-threading or multi- consumes fewer system resources under loads
processing models, although it is less effective since it is event-based and non-blocking. It
than Node.js in single-threaded contexts [8]. processes a lot of requests in one thread and

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therefore is less resource-consuming compared

to the conventional multi-threading. [3] 8.2 Express (Node.Js)
Express is a view-opinion, fast Node.js web app
 Python Resource Utilization: Python, as framework with an excellent feature set used to
opposed to Node.js, will consume more CPU build web apps and APIs with less setup.
and memory, particularly if multi-threading is
turned on. Python will tend to create a new  Performance: Express is built to accommodate
thread for each request, thus leading to asynchronous, event-driven Node.js execution.
increased resource consumption.[3] Express can handle a huge number of requests
without being resource-hungry. [4]
 Comparison: Node.js is an improved resource
consumer, especially for the use of higher  Ease of use: With the veteran JavaScript
concurrency in their applications. programmer, the lightweight but flexible API of
Express offers an easy-to-learn API. There is an
8. Comparison Between Python Server Using ever-expanding infinite middle ware
Flask And Node.Js Server With Express community which is out there for a variety of
Two of the robust backend technologies that are things. [4]
widely used for web
application development are Node.js and Python.  Concurrency: Node.js is able to process
Here, we are thousands of requests at a time without lagging
comparing a light-weight Node.js web framework behind other processes, and that is precisely
named Express and the light-weight Python web how Express best does concurrency.[4]
framework Flask.
 Use cases: May include e-commerce platforms
8.1 Flask(Python) and messaging systems, which are perfect for
Flask is a microframework which provides you real-time, high-concurrency applications.
with the bare essentials to build web applications
but also allows you to do with other libraries or 8.3 Key Differences:
tools what is best for your project.[1]  Speed: Node.js (Express) generally offers
faster performance and better scalability,
 Performance: Since Flask is relying on GIL especially for real-time applications.[8]
(Global Interpreter Lock) and Python is
interpreter-based, Flask lags behind Node.js in  Concurrency: Node.js (Express) has superior
overall performance. [1] concurrency handling, while Flask requires
additional setup for asynchronous tasks.[10]
 Usability: Flask is lightweight and easy to use
for today's Python programmers. Flask has  Community & Ecosystem: Both frameworks
more organization of applications and have large communities, but Express benefits
flexibility. [1] from Node.js’s dominance in real-time and
microservices applications.
 Concurrency: Flask requests are synchronous 9. NODE.JS VS PYTHON PERFORMANCE
but asynchronous requests can also be achieved Performance Node.js Python Remarks
using asyncio package. Metric
Execution Speed Faster (due Slower Node.js is
 Use cases: Ideal for APIs or small and to non- (interprete optimized
medium-sized projects without any heavy blocking d, for web
concurrency needed. I/O) synchronou servers and
s by real-time
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default) applications. defaults.

Concurrency Asynchrono Multi- Node.js
Handling us, event- threaded handles high
driven but limited concurrency
10. Conclusion
model by GIL better. In short, both Flask and Express are some good
Request Handling 1-5 seconds 5-20 Node.js advantages for web development, and the nature of
(10k concurrent (fast) seconds scales well a project will be what determines the best choice.
users) (slower) with micro
services. Node.js and Express are suitable for real-time
CPU-Intensive Slower Faster Python’s services and microservices based on improved
Tasks (Image (500ms - 5s) (100ms - libraries performance, scalability, and support for high-
Processing, ML, 2s) (NumPy,
AI) TensorFlow) concurrency applications. But Python and Flask is
outperform an easy, lightweight framework that is perfect for
Node.js in little projects, APIs, and apps that need to interact
computation
-heavy tasks. with data analysis or machine learning processes.
File I/O Faster (~10- Slower Node.js is Since the web keeps changing every day, the
Operations 50ms, non- (~50- optimized developers cannot help but choose the best
blocking) 200ms, for async
blocking by operations. technology stack available that will suit their
default) projects as much as possible in terms of
Database Query Faster (~20- Slower Node.js is productivity, scalability, and performance. Both
Speed 100ms) (~50- better
(MongoDB/MyS 300ms) optimized Node.js and Python have been great web
QL) for NoSQL development frameworks today with both their
databases. infrastructures growing and reengineered to
Startup Time ~50-200ms ~100- Node.js
500ms starts
address the needs of the users at time scales.
slightly
faster. 11. References
Memory Usage Lower Higher Node.js is
lightweight,
[1] Devndra Ghimire (May 2010) Comparative
whereas study on Python web frameworks: Flask
Python and Django.
consumes
more
[2] Kai Lei, Yining Ma, Zhi Tan (December 2014)
memory. Performance Comparison and Evaluation of
Framework Express.js Django/Fla Express.js is Web Development Technologies in PHP,
Efficiency (lightweight, sk (feature- faster, while
fast) rich, but Django
Python and Node.js.
heavier) provides [3] Axel Dalbard and Jesper Isacson (June 2021)
built-in Comparative study on performance between
functionaliti
es. ASP.NET and Node.js Express for web-based
Ease of Moderate Easier Python is calculation tools.
Development (async (simple more [4] ISAK VILHELMSSON (July 2021) A
programmin syntax, beginner- Performance Comparison of an Event-Driven
g required) extensive friendly.
libraries) Node.js WebServer and Multi-Threaded Web
Real-time Excellent Limited Node.js is Servers.
Application (WebSockets (not preferred [5] Debani Prashad Mishra , Kshirod Kumar Rout,
Suitability , async) designed for chat
for real- apps, Surender Reddy Salkuti (Sep 2021) Modern
time) streaming, tools and current trends in web-development.
etc.
[6] Bonjar Basumatary and Nishant Agnihotri
Security Good (but Stronger Python
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handling) features) better [7] Qozeem Odeniran, Haydeen Wimmer, Carl
security
Rebman (2023) Node.js or PhP Determining
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the better website server backend scripting [9] Hawkar Jamal & Khalid Elkilany (June 2024)
language. Trends in Node.js Framework Evolution.
[8] AVSS Somasundar, M Chilakarao, Santi [10] Enes BAJRAMI , Agon MEMETI , Florim
Kumari Behera, Ch Venkata Ramana (March IDRIZI , Ermira MEMETI Comparative
2024) MongoDB integration with Python and Analysis Of Soap And Rest Apis: Systematic
Node.js, Express.js. Review And Performance Evaluation With
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