JSFERALABS Strato Pi Max XL and XS Goes ED Raspberry Pi Modular Industrial Server Powered by the Raspberry Pi CM4 and RP2040 & Up to 4 expansior “> 2 x USB ports with power control ® Dual SD, eMMC and SSD storage options @ WiFi & BLE WM 2 x Ethernet ports DIN rail mounting Open Technology for the Industrial World Long Term Availability, High Reliability and Support X2-Series Expansion Boards eee eee ence Rarer eer ery)WELCOME WELCOME! t's been a huge year for Raspberry Pi. 2asnberry P 5 has turned roughly a year old, Raspberry Pi Holdings 's now listed on the Londan Stock Exchange ~ a big milestone that were proud ta have reached ~ and, 0s 1 write this, the powerful new Raspberry Pi Pica 2 (alang with the al-important RE23s0 chip that It's built around) fos just been released, In the community, events ore truly back in full swing, with dedicated colendars an the Raspberry Pi website and in the pages of the MagPi, and with cll of you still making incredible things using various, Raspberry Pi devices, I's all very exciting This is reflected in the articles yau!l ind in this be Ince again, it wos extremely difficult to choose what to ‘squeeze into these pages, but we've managed to include Cn incredible range of recent projects and tutorials, as well as a very cao}, in-depth interview with Raspberry Pi engineers about the making of Pico 2 ond RP2I0, | think there's something for everyone in the book this yeor - and maybe even something that will expand your norizons, too. Hoppy making! Rob Zwetsloot A TN magpi.cc aaa MErs] [email protected] EDITORIAL tor Ly Hatersley Festures or Rot 2wetstoct Contos Dav Crookes P vans, Rosi Hates Phi King Nola King KG ‘Orphans, Danny Staple, Ashley Whitaker DESIGN Cat adi ericalmediacoue Designers Lee lon, Sam RB: luster Sam alder aspen Pi Designers Sar Prod, Natale “Turner Jack Wills DISTRIBUTION PUBLISHING Seymour Distibuton Lid Fublshing Chew: Bran Jepson 2 Est Pouby Ave Li bianjepsonaraspbemypicam ECIAGPT | s4ql207 429 4000 MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS ‘dvertcing Chatte Malian charlotte miliganaraspberrypicom Tek lores. 887 Unt The Enrica Cent, etn Lane, Manor Royal Crate, West Sussex. “440207 429 4000 no oP rmagpie=/subsebe ‘magpiasubseriptonk Dect of Communications Helen tym (CEO eben Upton heplinecouk ‘he Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025 | 3he Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025 ontents Deestnin 34. Exoskeleton Raspberry P-powered walking 38 Team Pinball These steel ball runs have a Pico twist 42. Odyssey Lights Giant interactive lights at Blackpoot 45. Tank driving simulator An old ain with new technology 50 Doom on aLEGO brick ‘Abboomer sheoter knee deep inthe studs 52 Bugg.xyz acoustic monitoring Conservationist ake soundscapes of nature 56 Refurbished vending machine Dispensing snacks thanks to Raspberry Pi 60 Antarctic PiCam Scientific analysis from home tothe pole 64 Olga the Fortune Teller This Al-powered seer might reveal your future 58 Mona Lisa Fluid Painting Microfuide biosensors meet Da Vine 72 Pipstrelle bat detector Using echo location in reverse to entity bats 76 Badgercam Keepan unobrusive eve out for badgers 80 Roktrack Robtic lawn care in rural Japan 84 CHIP bipedal companion robot This walking robot could be your pal 88 Bristol Braille Canute 360 ‘castor, multi-line Brallereacer 92. ScreenDress This 30-printed! dress has is eyes en you 94 Retio Pi World Radio An old-school raco with a global tuner 98 BlueRov2 R4 Dive under the sea remotely and safely 100 CinePIxL ‘Ahigh-qualty Raspbeny Pi cinema camera 104 Volcano-monitoring UV Picam ‘Raspberry F-posered volcanic alert system 108 PeggyBoard ADIY smart cimbing wall but na garage ‘112. Mini Observatory Greenwich observatory on your kitchen tableAstrophotography with Raspberry Pi ‘See the stars better than ever before Python robots Build dynamic robots with arms and legs ML-powered audio transcriber Amustforanyinteniower DIY Home Automation How to make your house smart Emulate a BBC Micro on Raspberry Pi 400 Retro computing meets Raspbenty Pi Next Gen Retro Gaming on Raspberry Pi 5 Take itback tothe 20008, Build a universal media player The last media centre youll ever need Arts & Crafts with Raspberry Pi Get creative with a microcomputer - — ay COs Ic hest ed 176 Galactic Unicom AAbig screen fora try Pico 178 Badger 2040 Ww ‘An elnk badge for your next corwention 173 Inky Impression 7.3" ‘Auge, multicoloured elnk display 180 PicoVision CQutput video tram your Pico 182 Vizy ‘Raspberry P-powered Al camera 184 PiBoy xRS The utimate handheld gaming case kt 185 Argon NEOS The new NEO case forRaspbery Fi 5 188 Argon ONE V3M2NVMe ‘Al superfast storage to Raspery Fi 190 NVMe Base Expand the PCie port of Raspery Pi5; 192 Puppy Pi state-of-the-art doghot 194 CMA XGO-Lite robot dog ‘A poweulrobotonfouregs 195. Inventor HAT Mini ‘tiny. all-in-one electronics playground 196 10 amazing cases Keep yourRaspbery Pisafe 198 10 amazing starter kits Everything you need to start making 200 10 amazing Pico projects Ingpration forthe smallest Raspberry Pi he Oficial Raspberry Pl Handbook 2025 | osongratulations on becoming a Raspberry Pi explorer. ‘We're sure you'll enjoy discovering a whale new world of computing and the chance to handcraft your ‘own games, control your awn robots and machines, and share your experiences with other Raspberry Pi fans. Getting started wor’ take long: just corral the extra bits and bobs you need on our checklist Useful additions include some headphones or speakers if you're keen on using, Raspberry Pt as a media centee, ot a gamepad for use as a retro games console. "fo get set up, simply use your pre-written microSD card (or use Raspberry Pi Imager to set up a card) and connect all, the cables. This guide will ead you through each step. You'll, find the Raspberry POS, including coding programs and office software, all avallable to use. After that, the world of| digital making with Raspberry Pi awaits you. 5 | the Oficil Raspberry i Handbook 2025 All the bits and bobs you need to set up a Raspberry Pi computer A Raspberry Pi ‘Whether you choose the new Raspbesty Pis ora Raspberry Pt 4, 400, 38+, 38, Zero ot Zero 2 W (or an older model of Raspberry P), basic setup is the same All Raspberry Bt computers run from microSD card, use a USB power supply, and feature the same operating systems, programs, and games.GB microSD card You'll need a microSD card with a capaclty of 8GB or greater. Your Raspberry games, programs, and boot the operating system. Many Raspberry Pi computer kits come with a card pre-written with Raspberry Pi OS. If you want to reuse an old card, you'll need a card reader: elther USB or 2 microSD to full-sized SD (pictured). Pluses it to store Windows/Linux PC or Mac computer You'll need a computer to write Raspberry Pi OS to the microSD card. It doesn’t matter what operating system this computer runs, because its ust for installing the OS using the Raspberry Pl Imager app. USB keyboard Like any computer, you need a means to enter web addresses, type commands, and otherwise control Raspberry Pi, The Raspbezty Pi 400 comes with lts own keyboard. Raspberry Pi sells an offical Keyboard and Hub (magpi.ce/keyboard) for other models Raspberry Pi Starter Guide USB mouse Atethered mouse that physically your Raspberry Pi via a USB port is simplest and, unlike a Bluetooth version, is less likely to get lost just when you need it. Like the keyboard, ‘we think it's best to perform the setup with a ‘wired mouse, Raspberry P sells an Official Mouse (amagpi.ce/mouse}. aches to Power supply Raspberry Pi 5, 4 and 4oo need \ USB Type-C power supply. Raspberzy Pi sells power supplies {magpi.cc/usbepower), which ‘provide a reliable source of power. \\ \ Raspberry Pi, 2,3, and Zero models need a micro USB power supply — ‘magpi.ce/universalpower). Display and HDMI cable A standard PC monitor is ideal, as the screen will be large enough to ead comfortably. It needs to have an HDMI connection, as that's what's fitted on your Raspberry Pi board. Raspberry PL5, 4and 400 can power two HDMI displays, but zequire a micvo-HDMI to HDMI cable. Raspberry Pi 38+ and 34+ both use regular HDMI cable Raspberry Pi Zero W needs @ mini-HDMI to HDMI cable (or adapter). UsB hub Raspberry Pi Zero and Model A boards havea single USB socket, To attach a \ keyboard and mouse (and other items), \ ‘you should get a four-port USB hub x (or use the official USB Keyboard and rh chet hs pr). 4 Instead of standard-size USB ports, Raspberry Pi Zero has a micro USB port {and usually comes with a micro USB to USB-A adapter) “The Oficial Raspbeny Piandbook 2025 | 07“NE feature Raspberry Pi5/4/ 38+ / 3 has plenty of connections, making It easy to set up Hook up the keyboard Connect a regular wired PC (or Mac) keyboard to one of the four larger USB-A sockets fon a Raspberry Pi 5 / 4 / 3/38. It doesn’t matter Which USB-A socket you connect it to. Its possible to connect a Bluetooth keyboard, but i's ‘much better to use a wired keyboard to start with, Connect a mouse Connect a USB wired mouse to one of the ‘other latger USB-A sockets on Raspberry PI. AS with the keyboard, itis possible to use a Bluetooth ‘wireless mouse, but setup Is much easier with 3 ‘wired connection, HOMI cable ‘Next, connect Raspberry Pi to your display using an HDMI cable, This will connect to one of the micro-HDMI sockets on the side of a Raspberry PL5 / 4, oF fall-size HDMI socket on a Raspberzy PL 3 /3B+. Connect the other end of the HDMI cable to ‘an HDMI monitor or television, 8 |The Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025Raspberry Pi 400 has its awn keyboard - all you need to connect is the mouse and power Connect a mouse Connect a wired USB mouse to the white USB connection on the rear of Raspberry Pi 4400. The two blue USB 3.0 connectors are faster and best reserved for external drives and other ‘equipment hat need the speed. Raspberry Pi Starter Guide eee Attach the micro-HDMI cable Next, connect a micro-HDMI cable to one of the micro-HDMU sockets on the rear of Raspberry Pi 400. The one next to the microSD card slot is the first one, but either connection should work. Connect the other end of the HDMI cable to an. HDMI monitor or television, The microSD. If you purchased a Raspberry Pi 400 Personal Computer Kit, the microSD card will come with Raspberry Pi OS pre-installed. All you need {0 dos connect the power and follow the welcome Instructions. If you do not have a Raspberry Pi OS pre-installed microSD card, follow the instructions later in 'Set up the software! ‘he Oficial Raspbeny PiHandbook 2025 | 02You'll need o couple of adopters to set up Raspberry Pi Zero / Zero 2W. yy Get it connected If you're setting up a smaller Raspberry Pi Zero, you'll ned to use a micro USB to USB-A adapter cable to connect the keyboard to the smaller connection on the board. Raspberry Pi Zero models only have a single micro USB port for connecting devices, which means you'll need to elther get a small USB hub or use an all-in-one ‘mouse and keyboard, 10 |The Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025, Mouse and keyboard LRT: cormect yout mouse 0 a USB socket on yout keyboard (if one is avaiable), then connect the keyboard to the micro USB socket (ia the micro USB to USB-A adapter) (r, you can atach a USB hub to the micro USE ‘0 USB-A adapter. fe] More connections Now connect your full-sized HDMI cable to the mini-HDMI to HDMI! adapter, and plug the Adapter into the mini-HDM port in the middle of your Raspberry Pi Zero, Connect the other end of the HDMI cable to an HOMI monitor ot televisionee TT Go behind the scenes of Raspberry Pi’s tiny new device Pest] aot@ Faster processors, more memory, greater power efficiency, and some industry-leading security features 0 1s here: the second generation of Raspberry Pi’s Pico microcontroller board was released to an unsuspecting world on 8 August 2024, And mney, and some industry-leadi 0 get features. Welve been talking to the engineers behind this miniature marvel to find out how and why they made this device, and we've got a small insight in smounts of know-how it takes to produce an industry le microcontroller board. Spoiler alert: t's a load of hard work, What is a microcontroller board? A microcontrollers a chip that contains a processor, Interfacing options to connect to other components, and some amount of RAM, to store the instructions that it needs o bo the difference microcontroller and a computer is that you can do multiple thi ples programs, browse the web, et. With a s program it todo one thing, and it does that one thing forthe rest of its life — o until you program it todo something diferent Mierocontrolles are in every moder appliance, where a computer would be overkill, but there n rogrammed control. The R ofthe Pico; take that chip, add computer; send emails, run nagement, you've got a microcontroller boatd: an easy, affordable way to dip your toe he Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025 | 12Pico 2: the same, but better What's new in Pico 2 James Adams, CTO (Hardware), Raspberry Pi ‘At frst glance, not much has changed, 0cording to James Adams, CTO Hardware) at Ragoberr P. Ws got the same V0. its using the same form face Itlooks almost the same; th biggest vicual change's thatthe silkscreen now s5y3 Pica 2. Apart fromthe new RP2350 chip, we wanted everything 0 eas simlar as possibe to provide a drop-in experience for the user Fundamental its going tobe a very similar experience to Pico, where devel will download the SDK andi will look very, very similar in terms of building software, compling software. Users wil stl plug the USB in and drag and drop tel Ur2 fies on tot “There ae two interesting things from the eircut perspective: one stat we've doubled 1 |The Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025, the Flash memory so youve got 4MB on Pico 2 we orignal Pico, The others to-do vith the way that poweris supped the chip, "RPO hasan anboard linear equator that tks 3.3V and rogulates it own to 1.1V forthe processor core RP23SOhas a sit ‘made power supply on beard, which does the same ting but is mare efficient. ‘One ofthe highlights ofthe RPZ3 chip ae th ‘opposed tothe MC. We also have RISC-V coresin there ~ thatthe Hazard Sas created by Luke Ween, wha’ one of our employees ‘We've got two M3 processor cores ring at 150 megahertz, so they'e roughly twice as fast as P2040, thought will depend faster M33 processer cre Youve got wice as much SRAM. which Is going to hep especially with runing things that are quite SRAM heay, ike Misopython. The PIOs vo had various improvements based on what we've learned fron RP2040, to be more efferent and allow formore use cases, And you got an extra one of ther in RP2350 “This isthe chip we alvays wanted to bul e040 wae the pathfinder to thi chip This Is what wo would have bult as RP204D we'd had he capabilty ~ your second chips always betes, because you lear rom the fst (on Pico 2 represents that. It faster ts gat mere peripheral. ts got the improved power states and securty that were lacking in RP2040 and the orginal Peo. ‘And so we'e super pleased that weve now pttogether the chip that we always wanted te bul in RF2040, but we had to cut alt of they take along time to eval.’ the chip we always wanted, the Pico we aluays wanted” ith any general stuf, out cone, and RPZ2¢ eo a= 1K LNVclEc} specification Ce col fee ee) ceed peti Seen ee Input powerReam. “Tho ical Raspbeny PiHandbook 2025 | 1SRP2350 changes Nick Francis, ASIC Technical Director “There are quite few changes fram RP2040 ‘2 RP2350, The main ones are security, higher perfermance through dual Cortex M33 processors runnin at 150MHz, more memory ‘and nen OTR, and lower power modes. 16 |The Oficial Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025, board: the RP2350 chip. RP2350 ‘s we've heard from James Adams, ‘the Pico 2 is physically virtually indistinguishable from the original Pico. ‘What makes the difference isthe brains of the We can get down to less than a tenth of the power used by RP2040 in its low power state (on RP2040,n our low-power state, wed get downto about 180 microamps in our dormant state with all cooks off,On RPZ3SO we can switch af power ta alot of the chip and ‘get downto less than a tenth of that, whic Isgoing tobe more useful for low-power applications, for example, wherea device right spend a ong time just wating fer input from 3 sense. “We've gone from a regulator to a switches Regulators are inherently not as efficent under load. So weve changed our core supply regulator= its actualy a combination device, soithas a smallregultor for low power modes up t 1 lla, when most ofthe chips powered down and we're waiting to wake up. And then when we tum the core on \Wefp toa switch made power supply which ean provide upto 200 millimps ~ morethan RP2040, asthe chp is bigger so has higher peak curent.The sitcher is more efficent ‘than the regulator used on RP2040. “The PO's stil there; wth some ‘enhancements that We ow have a third lo blackn there, so another four state machines. And wee stil using the TSMC 40nm process. Reusing a process that you now saves alt of te When you're going toanew process node, you have to go and {get aload of new IP and have to eam howto useital, Se sticking tothe same process meant that wean reuse ome ofthis |P an knowledge from what we di on RP2040 and also RP1 [Raspberry Ps fst inhouse chip, wich was Used onthe Raspberry PJ. So weve reused cell ibraries, memories, ADC, PLL and USB PHY from RP2040, So theres quite let that isthe same, and we can just top iin fity easly and can then focus on changin the other logic and adding any new iP Ike the OTP or core supply regulator We dd review and update pars of the existing design, but theres an awfllot ‘of now design RP2350, and some higher love features Ske power changes or security touched alot ofthe chip and has a wide impact on design and vtiation”