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3-Methods of Language Teaching

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9 views22 pages

3-Methods of Language Teaching

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2257011090
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Methods of language teaching

1. Professional terms: approaches/ methods,


procedures/stages; aims/objectives; inductive/deductive
2. Grammar-translation
3. Direct-method
4. Audio-lingual method
5. Silent way
6. Structural- situation
7. Desugestopedia
8. PPP
9. CLT
10. TBL
11. Method & Culture
• approaches/ methods,
• procedures/stages;
• aims/objectives;
• inductive/deductive
Difference Between Approach and Method
• Approach : an act or means of coming near or
approaching as in the expression ‘made an
approach’.

• Method : a word meaning ‘a way’ or ‘a


process’. It refers to the manner in which a
work is executed.

• ‘approach’ is based on ‘tackling’ things


whereas the word ‘method’ is based on
solving problems.
Grammar-translation
• Students were given explanations of individual
points of grammar/ were given sentences to
practice
• Sentences are translated from L2 to L1
• Students learn by heart the grammar rules
• Assessment evaluation
THE IDEA OF PRESENTING STUDENTS WITH SHORT GRAMMAR RULES AND WORD LISTS
—> TRANSLATION EXERCISE IN WHICH THEY HAD TO MAKE USE OF THE SAME RULES AND WORDS.

- DEDUCTIVE APPLICATION OF AN EXPLICIT GRAMMAR RULE.


Direct-method
- MEANING IS TO BE CONVEYED DIRECTLY IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE
THROUGH THE USE OF DEMONSTRATION AND VISUAL AIDS

• Reaction by imitating
• Substitution drills
• Structures & Vocabulary can be got out from
objects & pictures (REALIA OR PICTURES) —> HELP Ss UNDERSTAND THE MEANING

- READING IN THE L2 SHOULD BE TAUGHT FROM THE BEGINNING OF LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION.

- GRAMMAR SHOULD BE TAUGHT INDUCTIVELY.

- EMPHASISES TEACHING A LANGUAGE THROUGH IMMERSION AND DIRECT COMMUNICATION.

- CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT THAT ENCOURAGES LEARNERS


TO THINK, COMMUNICATE AND RESPOND DIRECTLY IN L2
Audio-lingual
- MAJOR ROLE OF TEACHER: A MODEL OF THE TARGET LANGUAGE

- MAJOR OBJECTIVE: ACQUIRE THE STRUCTURAL PATTERNS

• Based on habits
• Drills, substitutions
• Students listen and repeat what they have
heard and watched
• Evaluate how well the students remember and
use language automatically, mechanically
Silent way
• The learner needs to discover or create
• Learning is made easier by the use of physical
objects
• Learning is made easier by problem-solving
using the target language
-> teachers should be as silent as possible to
encourage students to speak
Structural- situation
• In the “structural approach,” materials were
sequenced in order of increased difficulty of
grammatical and lexical forms
• In the “situational approach,” the same materials
were presented in the form of meaningful
dialogues; sequencing did not depend upon the
relative difficulty of grammatical and lexical
items.
• EX: Based on behavioristic background, analyze
structure S+V+V-ing -> practice
Desugestopedia
• “humanistic approaches” -> developed in the
1970’s by the Bulgarian educator
Georgi Lozanov. - THE APPLICATION OF THE STUDY OF SUGGESTION TO PEDAGOGY
• help students eliminate the feeling that they
cannot be successful -> to overcome the negative
association
• memorization in learning through this approach
would be accelerated by up to 25 times over that
in conventional learning methods.
1- What is meant by "dramatis
personae"?
A- Over-emotional people
B- List of people in a play
C- People from northern Italy
D- People interviewed in the street by TV
journalists

-> B
2-Where is the city of Medellin?
A- Ecuador
B- Venezuela
C- Brazil
D- Colombia

-> D
3- What word did the Romans have
for the City of London?
A- Londinium
B- Laudanum
C- Westminster
D- Londres

-> A
4- What is the name of a device, consisting
essentially of two wires of different metals, whereby
heat energy may be changed to electrical energy?

A- Resistor
B- Thermocouple
C- Armature
D- Atalie

-> B
5-With what film company did Tom and Jerry make
their first appearance in animated film cartoons?

A- DreamWorks
B- Hanna Barbera
C- MGM
D- Pixar

-> C
6-How is a rebec usually played?
A- On a board
B- Blown
C- With a bow
D- Plucked

-> C
Method Focus Characteristics

Translate from English


Grammar Translation Written literary texts
into your native language

Student learns by
Direct Method (also Everyday spoken
associating meaning
called Natural Method) language
directly in English

Listening and speaking


Sentence and sound
Audio-Lingual Method drills and pattern practice
patterns
only in English

English grammar rules


Cognitive Code
Grammar rules deduced and then
Approach
understood in context
Teacher is silent to allow
Student interaction rather
– The Silent Way student awareness of how
than teacher
English works

Relaxed atmosphere, with


Meaningful texts and
– Suggestopedia music; encourages subliminal
vocabulary
learning of English

Understanding of English
– Community
Student interaction through active student
Language Learning
interaction

– Comprehension
English speaking delayed
Approach (Natural
until students are ready;
Approach, Total Listening comprehension
meaning clarified through
Physical - REDUCE THE STRESS PPL FEEL
WHEN THEY ARE STUDYING actions and visuals
Response) OTHER LANGUAGES
Understanding of English
Interaction, authentic
Communicative through active student
communication and
Language Teaching interaction; role play,
negotiating meaning
games, information gaps

Content-based, Task- Content based on


What is being
based, and relevance to students’ lives:
communicated, not
Participatory topics, tasks, problem-
structure of English
Approaches solving

Learning Strategy Teach learning strategies,


Training, Cooperative cooperation; activities vary
How to learn
Learning, and Multiple according to different
Intelligences intelligences
CLL (Community Language Learning)
• recognizing and accepting the struggles
students face as they attempt to internalize
another language.
PPP, CLT, TBL
• Presentation, Practice, Production: versions of
GTM & ALT
• Communicative Language Teaching:
interaction b/w T & S
• Task-based Language Teaching: Pre-
task(introduction to topic), Task Cycle (task
planning, report), Language Focus (analysis,
Practice)
Method & Culture
• Methods of teaching Western language in
Asian countries?
• Native lecturers (UK, USA, Australia) & Asian
lecturers, Who is better?
• Applying a particular method depends on
certain situation
• There is no best method but appropriate one

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