Scribd
Upload
6 views2 pages

Interface Flagging

Includes terms and definitions of input output devices for microprocessors

Uploaded by

mi.gaile.nao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views2 pages

Interface Flagging

Includes terms and definitions of input output devices for microprocessors

Uploaded by

mi.gaile.nao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

What is an interface? 6.

Flagging: Interfaces signal


the processor (via flags)
 It is a system, usually
when data is available,
electronic but may also
especially for irregular or
contain mechanical parts
short-lived data sources like
which match the
A/D converters.
requirements and
characteristics of the Input Port:
computer to those of the
 Used to read data from input
external device.
devices (e.g. keyboard).
1. Type of Signals: Digital
 The simplest form is a tri-
computers use digital signals;
state buffer.
analog devices require
converters (A/D or D/A) for  Microprocessor enables the
compatibility. buffer using a control signal.

2. Electrical Characteristics:  Once enabled, input device


Signal voltages must match data appears on the data
the computer's logic levels bus.
(commonly 0V for logic 0, 5V
 The microprocessor reads
for logic 1), though this may
this data by issuing a read
vary.
command.
3. Loading: Output devices
Output Port:
must have compatible
electrical loads; some may  Used to send data to output
need correct voltage but devices (e.g. display).
draw high current (e.g.
 The simplest form is a latch.
industrial equipment).
 Microprocessor places data
4. Timing and Latching: Data
on the data bus and triggers
transfer timing is critical.
the latch with a clock
Interfaces must latch data
signal.
since devices may need data
available longer than the  The latch holds the data,
processor provides. making it available to the
output device.
5. Speed: Some devices need
data at fixed speeds (e.g. Simple Output Interfacing:
disk drives, synchronous
 Timing Issue:
links); buffer memory in
Microprocessor puts data on
interfaces helps handle this.
the data bus only briefly  Parallel interfaces can handle
(e.g., 400 microseconds), simple (lamps, switches) or
while LEDs or lights need the complex devices (printers,
data visible much longer motors, displays, analog
(e.g., seconds). devices).

 Solution: Use a register to  Distance Consideration:


latch (store) data from the For remote devices, serial
data bus so it remains on the communication is better
output. due to reduced wiring cost.

 Addressing: The register


can be assigned a memory
Parallel Interface ICs:
location (e.g., $8011), and a
timing signal is generated by  Because many systems need
combining specific address similar interfacing,
lines and control signals. integrated circuits (ICs)
are developed to handle it.
 Signal Control: The inverse
of the R/W signal ensures  To be cost-effective and
the register only loads data widely usable, these ICs are
during output operations. designed to be versatile.

 Driving Output Devices:  A common standard is to


TTL outputs may not drive provide two 8-bit parallel
larger LEDs/lights directly, so interfaces on a single IC,
buffers or drivers (e.g., adaptable to various devices
transistors or thyristors) are and data sizes (8-bit, 12-bit,
needed for sufficient current. 16-bit).

General Purpose Interfaces:

 Interface design is a common


task in computing, with
repeated design problems
across applications.

 Most interfaces discussed are


parallel interfaces, where
multiple data lines transfer
bits simultaneously.

You might also like