Java Cheat Sheet & Quick Reference
quickref.me/java.html
Java cheatsheet
This cheat sheet is a crash course for Java beginners and help review the basic syntax of
the Java language.
#Getting Started
Hello.java
public class Hello {
// main method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Output: Hello, world!
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
}
}
Compiling and running
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$ javac Hello.java
$ java Hello
Hello, world!
Variables
int num = 5;
float floatNum = 5.99f;
char letter = 'D';
boolean bool = true;
String site = "quickref.me";
Primitive Data Types
Data Type Size Default Range
byte 1 byte 0 -128 to 127
short 2 byte 0 -215 to 215-1
int 4 byte 0 -231 to 231-1
long 8 byte 0 -263 to 263-1
float 4 byte 0.0f N/A
double 8 byte 0.0d N/A
char 2 byte \u0000 0 to 65535
boolean N/A false true / false
Strings
String first = "John";
String last = "Doe";
String name = first + " " + last;
System.out.println(name);
See: Strings
Loops
String word = "QuickRef";
for (char c: word.toCharArray()) {
System.out.print(c + "-");
}
// Outputs: Q-u-i-c-k-R-e-f-
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See: Loops
Arrays
char[] chars = new char[10];
chars[0] = 'a'
chars[1] = 'b'
String[] letters = {"A", "B", "C"};
int[] mylist = {100, 200};
boolean[] answers = {true, false};
See: Arrays
Swap
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
System.out.println(a + " " + b); // 1 2
int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
System.out.println(a + " " + b); // 2 1
Type Casting
// Widening
// byte<short<int<long<float<double
int i = 10;
long l = i; // 10
// Narrowing
double d = 10.02;
long l = (long)d; // 10
String.valueOf(10); // "10"
Integer.parseInt("10"); // 10
Double.parseDouble("10"); // 10.0
Conditionals
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int j = 10;
if (j == 10) {
System.out.println("I get printed");
} else if (j > 10) {
System.out.println("I don't");
} else {
System.out.println("I also don't");
}
See: Conditionals
User Input
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = in.nextLine();
System.out.println(str);
int num = in.nextInt();
System.out.println(num);
#Java Strings
Basic
String str1 = "value";
String str2 = new String("value");
String str3 = String.valueOf(123);
Concatenation
String s = 3 + "str" + 3; // 3str3
String s = 3 + 3 + "str"; // 6str
String s = "3" + 3 + "str"; // 33str
String s = "3" + "3" + "23"; // 3323
String s = "" + 3 + 3 + "23"; // 3323
String s = 3 + 3 + 23; // 29
StringBuilder
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(10);
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
| | | | | | | | | |
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
sb.append("QuickRef");
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┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
| Q | u | i | c | k | R | e | f | |
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
sb.delete(5, 9);
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
| Q | u | i | c | k | | | | |
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
sb.insert(0, "My ");
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
| M | y | | Q | u | i | c | k | |
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
sb.append("!");
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
| M | y | | Q | u | i | c | k | ! |
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Comparison
String s1 = new String("QuickRef");
String s2 = new String("QuickRef");
s1 == s2 // false
s1.equals(s2) // true
"AB".equalsIgnoreCase("ab") // true
Manipulation
String str = "Abcd";
str.toUpperCase(); // ABCD
str.toLowerCase(); // abcd
str.concat("#"); // Abcd#
str.replace("b", "-"); // A-cd
" abc ".trim(); // abc
"ab".toCharArray(); // {'a', 'b'}
Information
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String str = "abcd";
str.charAt(2); // c
str.indexOf("a") // 0
str.indexOf("z") // -1
str.length(); // 4
str.toString(); // abcd
str.substring(2); // cd
str.substring(2,3); // c
str.contains("c"); // true
str.endsWith("d"); // true
str.startsWith("a"); // true
str.isEmpty(); // false
Immutable
String str = "hello";
str.concat("world");
// Outputs: hello
System.out.println(str);
String str = "hello";
String concat = str.concat("world");
// Outputs: helloworld
System.out.println(concat);
Once created cannot be modified, any modification creates a new String
#Java Arrays
Declare
int[] a1;
int[] a2 = {1, 2, 3};
int[] a3 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
int[] a4 = new int[3];
a4[0] = 1;
a4[2] = 2;
a4[3] = 3;
Modify
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int[] a = {1, 2, 3};
System.out.println(a[0]); // 1
a[0] = 9;
System.out.println(a[0]); // 9
System.out.println(a.length); // 3
Loop (Read & Modify)
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
for (int i=0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = arr[i] * 2;
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
// Outputs: 2 4 6
Loop (Read)
String[] arr = {"a", "b", "c"};
for (int a: arr) {
System.out.print(a + " ");
}
// Outputs: a b c
Multidimensional Arrays
int[][] matrix = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5} };
int x = matrix[1][0]; // 4
// [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]
Arrays.deepToString(matrix)
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; ++j) {
System.out.println(a[i][j]);
}
}
// Outputs: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sort
char[] chars = {'b', 'a', 'c'};
Arrays.sort(chars);
// [a, b, c]
Arrays.toString(chars);
#Java Conditionals
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Operators
+
-
*
/
%
=
++
--
!
==
!=
>
>=
<
<=
&&
||
?:
instanceof
~
<<
>>
>>>
&
^
|
If else
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int k = 15;
if (k > 20) {
System.out.println(1);
} else if (k > 10) {
System.out.println(2);
} else {
System.out.println(3);
}
Switch
int month = 3;
String str;
switch (month) {
case 1:
str = "January";
break;
case 2:
str = "February";
break;
case 3:
str = "March";
break;
default:
str = "Some other month";
break;
}
// Outputs: Result March
System.out.println("Result " + str);
Ternary operator
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
// Outputs: 20
System.out.println(max);
#Java Loops
For Loop
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.print(i);
}
// Outputs: 0123456789
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for (int i = 0,j = 0; i < 3; i++,j--) {
System.out.print(j + "|" + i + " ");
}
// Outputs: 0|0 -1|1 -2|2
Enhanced For Loop
int[] numbers = {1,2,3,4,5};
for (int number: numbers) {
System.out.print(number);
}
// Outputs: 12345
Used to loop around array's or List's
While Loop
int count = 0;
while (count < 5) {
System.out.print(count);
count++;
}
// Outputs: 01234
Do While Loop
int count = 0;
do {
System.out.print(count);
count++;
} while (count < 5);
// Outputs: 01234
Continue Statement
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
if (i == 3) {
continue;
}
System.out.print(i);
}
// Outputs: 01245
Break Statement
10/17
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.print(i);
if (i == 3) {
break;
}
}
// Outputs: 0123
#Java Collections Framework
Java Collections
Thread
Collection Interface Ordered Sorted safe Duplicate Nullable
ArrayList List Y N N Y Y
Vector List Y N Y Y Y
LinkedList List, Y N N Y Y
Deque
CopyOnWriteArrayList List Y N Y Y Y
HashSet Set N N N N One
null
LinkedHashSet Set Y N N N One
null
TreeSet Set Y Y N N N
CopyOnWriteArraySet Set Y N Y N One
null
ConcurrentSkipListSet Set Y Y Y N N
HashMap Map N N N N (key) One
null
(key)
HashTable Map N N Y N (key) N (key)
LinkedHashMap Map Y N N N (key) One
null
(key)
TreeMap Map Y Y N N (key) N (key)
ConcurrentHashMap Map N N Y N (key) N
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Thread
Collection Interface Ordered Sorted safe Duplicate Nullable
ConcurrentSkipListMap Map Y Y Y N (key) N
ArrayDeque Deque Y N N Y N
PriorityQueue Queue Y N N Y N
ConcurrentLinkedQueue Queue Y N Y Y N
ConcurrentLinkedDeque Deque Y N Y Y N
ArrayBlockingQueue Queue Y N Y Y N
LinkedBlockingDeque Deque Y N Y Y N
PriorityBlockingQueue Queue Y N Y Y N
ArrayList
List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>();
// Adding
nums.add(2);
nums.add(5);
nums.add(8);
// Retrieving
System.out.println(nums.get(0));
// Indexed for loop iteration
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(nums.get(i));
}
nums.remove(nums.size() - 1);
nums.remove(0); // VERY slow
for (Integer value : nums) {
System.out.println(value);
}
HashMap
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Map<Integer, String> m = new HashMap<>();
m.put(5, "Five");
m.put(8, "Eight");
m.put(6, "Six");
m.put(4, "Four");
m.put(2, "Two");
// Retrieving
System.out.println(m.get(6));
// Lambda forEach
m.forEach((key, value) -> {
String msg = key + ": " + value;
System.out.println(msg);
});
HashSet
Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
if (set.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Empty!");
}
set.add("dog");
set.add("cat");
set.add("mouse");
set.add("snake");
set.add("bear");
if (set.contains("cat")) {
System.out.println("Contains cat");
}
set.remove("cat");
for (String element : set) {
System.out.println(element);
}
ArrayDeque
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Deque<String> a = new ArrayDeque<>();
// Using add()
a.add("Dog");
// Using addFirst()
a.addFirst("Cat");
// Using addLast()
a.addLast("Horse");
// [Cat, Dog, Horse]
System.out.println(a);
// Access element
System.out.println(a.peek());
// Remove element
System.out.println(a.pop());
#Misc
Access Modifiers
Modifier Class Package Subclass World
public Y Y Y Y
protected Y Y Y N
no modifier Y Y N N
private Y N N N
Regular expressions
String text = "I am learning Java";
// Removing All Whitespace
text.replaceAll("\\s+", "");
// Splitting a String
text.split("\\|");
text.split(Pattern.quote("|"));
See: Regex in java
Comment
14/17
// I am a single line comment!
/*
And I am a
multi-line comment!
*/
/**
* This
* is
* documentation
* comment
*/
Keywords
abstract
continue
for
new
switch
assert
default
goto
package
synchronized
boolean
do
if
private
this
break
double
implements
protected
throw
byte
else
import
public
throws
case
enum
instanceof
return
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transient
catch
extends
int
short
try
char
final
interface
static
void
class
finally
long
strictfp
volatile
const
float
native
super
while
Math methods
Math.max(a,b) Maximum of a and b
Math.min(a,b) Minimum of a and b
Math.abs(a) Absolute value a
Math.sqrt(a) Square-root of a
Math.pow(a,b) Power of b
Math.round(a) Closest integer
Math.sin(ang) Sine of ang
Math.cos(ang) Cosine of ang
Math.tan(ang) Tangent of ang
Math.asin(ang) Inverse sine of ang
Math.log(a) Natural logarithm of a
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Math.toDegrees(rad) Angle rad in degrees
Math.toRadians(deg) Angle deg in radians
Try/Catch/Finally
try {
// something
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("always printed");
}
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