Practical work "WORD-PROCESSORS"

1. The work Purpose

Studying of the basic functionality of word-processors and the general
methodology of their use in medical information systems. Acquisition of practical
skills on use of word-processor MS Word for creation and integration of text
documents, graphic objects, tables.

2. The procedure of work performance

1. Study the basic functionality of word-processors (see section 3).
2. To get the admission to performance of practical work, having answered
questions of the professor or having passed computer test.
3. To carry out the task to practical work (see section 4).
4. To perform the individual task according to the variant which has been given
by the professor.
5. To Issue the report by results of performance of the individual task.
6. To Protect results of work.

3. The Basic functionality of word-processors

Typical structure of the interface

Two groups of software products should be distinguished at the description of
word-processors. The first group is focused on creation of documents of different
level of complexity with powerful tools of formatting and drawing inclusion. The
typical representative of this group is WinWord. The second group of word-
processors (them often name text editors) is focused for work with purely text files
among which there can be the texts of programs written in various languages,
configuration files, files of adjustment, etc. the Bright representative of such software
products is MultiEdit versions, since 5.0. This word-processor has powerful system
of the contextual replacement, the built in language of macros at level Visual Basic,
means of support of the internal environment, help means at a set of keywords.
Word-processor - the applied software used for creation of text documents.
The typical structure of the interface (fig. 3.1) includes a number of elements.

Menu line
Coordinate line

Working field
Vertical scroll
line

Status line
Horizontal
scroll line Help line

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 Fig. 3.1. A kind of the typical interface

The line of the menu contains names of groups of the commands united to a
functional sign. The line of the menu is in the top part of the screen. The choice of a
mode from a line of the menu opens a corresponding submenu, and the choice of a
certain option in it provides access to the menu of lower level. Such system of the
enclosed (falling) menus makes a basis of the interface of a word-processor. Menu
commands are selected by the mouse, cursor arrows or combinations of pressing of
certain keys ("hotkeys").
The Condition line (status) contains a name of the edited document and defines
a current cursor position in this document. Help information displays in the line.
The help line contains the information on possible actions of the user at a
present situation.
The working field is a space on the screen of the display for creation of the
document and work with it. The maximum size of a working field is defined by
standard parametres of the monitor and contain 25 lines on 80 signs everyone.
Coordinate line defines borders of the document and a tabulation position.
Distinguish vertical and horizontal lines. The coordinate line is graduated in
centimetres by default. The zero point of a coordinate line is levelled under the first
paragraph of the text.
The scrolling line serves for moving of the text of the document in a working
field of a window. The line providing vertical moving of the text, is called as a
vertical line of scrolling, and horizontal moving - a horizontal line of scrolling.
The cursor - the short, as a rule, blinking line, shows a position of a working
field in which the entered symbol or a text element will be placed. In a text mode the
cursor horizontal, being below of symbol place on which shows. In a graphic mode -
vertical, is more to the left of a place of an insert of the next symbol. Each word-
processor has the possibilities for maintenance of movement of the cursor (as well as
managements of the interface in general). Management of the interface performs by
the keyboard and the mouse.
In control mode by the interface by means of the keyboard where four cursor
arrows move the cursor on one position in an arrow direction.
Keys <Ноmе> and <End> move the cursor to the beginning and the text end
accordingly.
Keys <PageUp> and <PageDn> move the text on one page (screen) upwards or
downwards.
Often modern word-processors, using various combinations of functional and
usual keys, give the chance to move the cursor on one word, the sentence or the
paragraph, to direct it to the beginning or the end of a line.
In a mode of use of the mouse moving under the document is performed by
click on corresponding arrow on lines of scrolling or click on the line of scrolling,
and also dragging by the cursor mouse on a scrolling line.
Indicators - signs or the symbols reflecting corresponding operating modes of
the program or the computer. Indicators in a line of a condition are symbols or the
service (key) words reflecting operating modes of the program. Indicators reflect an
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operating mode of switches of the keyboard in the keyboard, their three: NumLock,
CapsLock, Scroll-Lock.
The switch - an element of the screen interface or a command used for switch
on or switch off of this or that mode. The indicator can be as the switch if click the
mouse on it.

Mode of an insert and replacement of symbols

The word-processor always is in one of two modes - an insert or replacement.
The key <Ins> is usually used for their switching . In an insert mode the text entered
from the keyboard removes to the right the text of the document standing more to the
right of the cursor, without destroying it. In a mode of replacement instead of a
symbol which is above the cursor (or more to the right of it), the new symbol from
the keyboard is entered. The insert mode destroys the existing text of the document.
When the text is entered for the first time, it is more convenient to use an insert
mode, and also at text editing when the symbol, a word or the sentence is added in the
text. If you want to replace one symbol with another use a replacement mode.
Insert mode - a method of addition of the text in the document at which the
existing text moves to the right, releasing a place to the entered text.
Replacement mode - a method of addition of the text in the document at which
the symbol which is above the cursor, is replaced with entered from the keyboard.

Concept of a fragment of the text and its allocation

A fragment is the continuous part of the text. Fragment allocation makes its an
object of the subsequent command. To allocate a fragment - means to "illuminate" it
by means of the mouse or the keyboard. The allocated fragment can be as string line,
block or linear. The string line fragment consists of sequence of the whole lines. The
block fragment usually unites the parts of lines forming in aggregate a rectangle.
Linear (stream) the fragment can include sequence (optionally) whole lines (fig. 3.2).
Some word-processors (for example, WinWord) do not have lower case allocation.
However it is easy for performing by means of mouse dragging. At word-processor
MultiEdit all three ways of allocation are provided. There are special ways of
allocation for a word, lines, offers, etc. (For example, double or threefold click by the
mouse in WinWord).

Copying and moving of fragments of the text

Most often used operations in word-processors - copying, moving, removal of
fragments of the text. These operations can be performed both with the buffer of
intermediate storage, and without it. In the Lexicon, for example, such operations are
performed only through the buffer. In word-processor WinWord dragging of
fragments by the mouse on a new place (with removal in an old place or without
removal) without the aid of the buffer is possible. The essence of the operations using
the buffer of intermediate storage, consists that the marked fragment of the text is
transferred on a new place, is copied there or simply deletes. The technology of
performance of these operations includes some stages:

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  Selection of a part of the text (fragment);
 Transfer of the selected fragment to the buffer of the intermediate storage (a
random access memory part);
 Cursor movement to a document proper place;
 Copying (transfer) of the selected fragment from the buffer to a document
place specified with the cursor.

Line fragment Square-topped fragment The linear

fragment
Fig. 3.2. Types of fragments of the text
As all Windows applications work through the general system buffer intermediate
storages, operations with text fragments can affect not only external documents, but
also other applications. So, you can transfer to (copy) the marked fragment from your
current document created in WinWord, in any document in tabular processor Excel,
or, on the contrary, to use a part of the external document, located in other window
created by you.

Text removal
In the modern word-processors it is possible to delete the character, a word, a line, a
text fragment (line or block).
Thus removal of the last entered character (i.e. the character standing more to the left
from cursor) is performed by a key <Backspace>, and the character standing more to
the right from the cursor, - by means of a key <Delete>.
The preliminary selection of an appropriate element of the text is preceding to
removal of a word, line, sentence or any other fragment of the text, and then either
<Delete> key application, or removal operations. The place occupied with deleted
element of the text, is automatically filled with the text allocated after deleted.
The deleted fragment of the text is located in the buffer of the intermediate storage
(see fig. 3.3 ), just as in relocation operation. If necessary it can be restored if new
record of the next operation of copying, moving, deleting are not performed. The new
fragment of the text replaces the previous.

Undo Operation
In many software including a word-processor, the undo operation is provided. For
implementation of this operation the word-processor fixes consequence of actions on
change of the text in the form of serial steps. The user can return the document to a
state which some steps were back by special command (Undo) i.e. to "be rolled
away". Depth of possible undo depends on the environment, capacity of the used
computer and other reasons. Along with an undo command there is a canceling undo
command (Redo).
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 Text formatting
Formatting operations include splitting of the text into lines (within the limits of the
paragraph) and pages, a choice of layout of paragraphs, indents and spaces between
paragraphs, flows of separate paragraphs, and also types and outlines of fonts. These
operations are performed by different word-processors with a different level of
automation. For example, splitting into lines and pages WinWord fulfills
automatically. The lexicon automatically splits only by lines, and splitting into pages
fulfills only by a special command. MultiEdit performs both by a command. Thus,
after keypad entering of initial setting (commands) of the formatting defined by a
specific type of the document, the text processor automatically reformats the
document.
What a formatting essence? It is ability of a word-processor to change the document
layout on the page, namely:
 To change boundaries of a working field, defining fields on top, from below, at
the left, справа;
 To set line spacing (space between lines on page) and an interalphabetic
interval in a word;
 To align the text - to align, press to the left or right boundary, uniformly to
arrange words in line;
 To use different fonts, etc.
Text formatting - procedure of design of page of the text.

Concept of the paragraph

Formatting is often applied in relation to the paragraph. Let’s consider this concept.
You noted that as soon as the entered text reaches the right boundary, the word-
processor automatically translates it to the next line. In other words, if entering word
is too long also is not located on the remained line, the text editor automatically
begins a new line. If you finished the given paragraph and want, that the cursor was
moved to the following beginning, push an input key <Enter>. Such pushing should
be considered as a command on which the current paragraph is closed. In word-
processor WinWord at end of the paragraph by a key <Enter> the new paragraph
inherits style of the previous.
The paragraph - the text fragment, which process of input ended with pushing an
input key <Enter>. The remark. In an indication mode on the screen of special
characters at the end of the paragraph you see ¶ character.

Windows and their role in the organization of operation with the text
Prominent feature of the modern word-processors is multiwindows, i.e. ability
simultaneously to work with the several documents which are in various windows. At
enter and text editing the user works in an active window in which access to all the
menu is possible. Special commands give the chance to arrange windows of
documents, to create new and to pass from one window to another. Here distinguish
two modes: full screen and not full screen. In a full screen mode again opened
window is current (active) and covers remaining opened windows. Passage to other
windows is performed by a special command. In not full screen mode special
commands of streamlining of windows give the chance to allocate all open windows
on the screen in the reduced format without overlapping (a mode "mosaic") or to
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display them full-scale with overlapping in the form of a pile of documents (fig. 3.4).
The window becomes active as a result of the mouse pointer fixing at any place on it.
Commands give the chance to roll down and open an active window into all screen or
make it into the former reduced format.
By means of a command to Split the work area is divided on two parts. It is
convenient, if it is necessary to work simultaneously with two different parts of the
big document.

«Pile»
Window window window 3
1 2 «Моsaic» window 2
window window window 1
3 4

Fig. 3.4. Streamlining of windows

Text relocation in a window

The most of documents are too big, that entirely to see them on the monitor
screen. The word-processor provides text moving in a window. This mode turnes on
automatically as soon as the cursor reaches screen boundaries. So, if the cursor is on
bottom line of the screen and you push cursor movement key downwards, in the
bottom of the screen there will be a new line of the document, and the uppermost
screen line disappears. Similar happens at cursor driving upwards. Left and right
cursor movement key moves the document text in a window across if the width of the
document is bigger than width of the screen of the monitor.
As it was already specified, for moving of the text of the document in a working
field of a window in many word-processors vertical and horizontal lines of scrolling
(see fig. 3.1 ) are used. Keys <PageUp> and <PageDn> provide such moving for one
page (screen) forward or back under the document. Special comands provide jump
from any position at once in the end or in the document beginning.

The operations performed with the document as a whole

The minimal set of typical operations includes the operations produced over the
document as a whole, over paragraphs of the document and over its fragments.
To the operations produced with the document, concern:
 Creation of the new document - assignment to the document of a unique name
and a set of all text of the document on the keypad;
 Loading a previously created document in a random access memory;
 Document saving - copying of the document from a random access memory to
external;
 Document deletion - removal of the created or loaded document from the
screen;
 Document printout - creation of a solid (paper) copy of the document.

The operations produced over paragraphs of the document

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 The paragraph is a key element in structure of the document for many text
processors (though there are also others, for example, in WinWord - sections).
The specified operations include setting of boundaries of paragraphs and paragraph
indents, alignment, and also enables word wrap.
Setting of boundaries of paragraphs performs by markers of the indents which
are on a coordinate line, or appropriate menu commands.
Alignment. Distinguish four horizontal types (to the left, to the right, by center, by
width) and three types of vertical alignment (upwards, downwards, on height).
Transfer. The word that not placed at line, is completely transferred to the next
line at an out-of-operation mode of automatic transfer . It does not give elegance to
the text: its right edge remains irregular. For improving of appearance of the text use
a transfer mode. At a manual variant of transfer the user defines a transfer place,
entering a hyphen and pushing a key <Enter> passes to the next line. Usage of such
mode of transfer leads to necessity of removals of hyphens at repeated formatting of
the document text.
At a switched on mode of automatic transfer the soft variant of transfer is
implemented: the word-processor divides by itself a word into syllables and transfers
its best method. This mode does not create any difficulties at repeated formatting.

The operations produced with fragments of the text

These operations include selection of a fragment of the text, its relocation,
copying or removal which have been considered in prior section of head. It is
possible to print, perform search and change of characters, apply for font selection
and a row of other operations over selected text fragment.

Context-sensitive search and changeover

The mode of context-sensitive search and changeover is implemented by search
in the document of some text element and its changeover by another, set by the user.
Replaced and specified text elements can be various length, include one word, group
of words, a part of a word, number and other signs. There is a row of additional
conditions for performance of operation of search and changeover. We specify some
of them.
 One-time and global changeover. The mode of one-time changeover stops
search after finding of the first entrance of a replaced element. Global
changeover replace all entrances of a replaced element.
 Automatic and manual changeover. The mode of manual changeover demands
acknowledgement of the user on changeover after finding of each entrance of a
replaced element. The automatic mode does not demand of such
acknowledgement.
 Sensitivity and insensitivity to the uppercase and lowercase characters. At a
choice of a mode, sensitive to uppercase and lowercase characters, the register,
in which is displayed a replaced element, matters by its search. In other words,
if you, for example, asked a replaced element as ibm, word processor failed to
heed encountered him in the text the word IBM.
 A search Direction. Normally command of search and changeover implements
search, beginning from the position of the text occupied now with the cursor,

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 and till the end of the document. At a row of word-processors the search
direction can be changed to the reverse.
In a number of word-processors (for example, WinWord) the language of the
requests, giving the chance to perform context-sensitive search in difficult criteria is
implemented by means of special characters.

Operations of saving
Saving operation writes down the edited document which is in a random access
memory, on a disk for constant storage. The type of the saved document is normally
appropriated by a word-processor automatically. For example, the type.DOC in text
processor Word, and type.ТХТ in word-processor Lexicon - are appropriated to the
text document. The following three operations of saving of the data is used by the
most of word-processors.
 To Save and continue editing. This operation is fulfilled periodically,
guaranteeing safety of fresher copy of the projected document on a case of its
possible loss.
 To Save and quit. We use this operation for saving the edited document and an
output in an operating system.
 To Quit without saving. This operation allows to quit in an operating system
without document saving with which worked.
One operation of an output and separate operations of saving and closing of
windows in the word-processors having a multiwindow operation mode is provided.
If changed document is not saved at exiting in a closing window the word-processor
in addition requests, whether it is necessary to save the document or not.
Word-processors by means of reserve files provide protection of the created
documents against possible loss. For this purpose a special command of saving
provide a mode when two files of the same document – current and reserve are
simultaneously stored. After modification of the document its previous version is
automatically saved as a reserve file: the .ВАК type is appropriated to it, and the
edited version is considered as a current file. The type of a current file is defined by
the user or it is appropriated by default (for example.ТХТ, or.DOC). So the last,
changed version of the document is saved only; earlier versions are lost. Though the
content of current and reserve files not equally, possibility of using the last (in case of
damage or loss of a current file) is represented very valuable. As we show further,
automatic saving reserve files can be insufficient for support of protection of
important documents and programs. In this case there are the additional copies stored
separately from the cores.
The important factor of protection of created documents is autosave function
which can be performed as normal operation of saving or as special operation of
saving of a current state of a word-processor in a special file. In the last case at
emergency cessation of work this state can be restored, including contents of all
windows, position of cursors in windows, etc.
Save results of the operation. For this purpose each 10-15 minutes perform
operation of saving or set an autosave mode if it is available in a word-processor.
Store copies of documents in the printed type and be sure that the valuable
information will not be lost under no circumstances.
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Spell check of words and syntax
The spell check and syntax mode is fulfilled by special programs which can be
independent or built in at text processor. These programs considerably differ by the
possibilities. Most powerful of them check not only spelling, but also declination,
conjugation, a punctuation and even style. The specified mode is used for control of
one word, page or whole document. The specified word is compared with its spelling
in the dictionary and in case of any mismatching is produced on the screen for editing
in case of any mismatching. Thus the following choice is offered to the user:
 To make correction;
 To ignore an error;
 To add the pledged word in the auxiliary dictionary.
Many text editors offer added services (for example, word writing variants),
facilitating bug fixing. But remember that program possibilities depend on
completeness of the dictionary. Therefore permanently replenish the auxiliary
dictionary by importing the words missing in the initial dictionary.
Except check of errors of a punctuation and output of sentences on their
elimination this mode provides detection of some errors of style, in particular, wrong
use uppercase and lowercase letters, same word appearance for some times
successively, absence of a gap between words, absence of the second quote and etc.
All described errors come to light on the basis of comparing of the developed text
with key rules stored in memory. We note that the set of such rules used within the
limits of a word-processor is essentially restricted.

The dictionary of synonyms

The dictionary of synonyms helps to avoid iterations and makes elegant your
presentation style. The usage is extremely simple. Direct the cursor on a word
interesting you and enter a command of review of the dictionary of synonyms. The
text editor produces some synonyms on the screen . Select what is pleasant more to
you, and it will be automatically transferred to the document.

Setting of general options of page

Logical and physical pages are distinguished. The physical page (in some text
editors instead of this term the term "the size of a paper" is used) normally has some
standard size, for example 210х297 mm, and the logical page is formed in the field of
physical minus the boundaries installed by the user (fig. 3.5). The amount of the data
on logical page is defined, on the one hand, by printing density (an amount of signs at
line), and with another - sparsity of lines (an interval between lines). If you are going
to work with double sheets, envelopes or stickers, you should install the new sizes of
physical page.
Similarly, the hard and soft carriage return on a new line, word processor
performs soft and hard transition to a new page. Soft transition is performed
automatically after filling of the last line on page. However the user can start new
page, without waiting its final fillings, giving a command of hard transition.
There is also a command of the prohibition of rupture of pages, which is used,
when you want, that the certain part of the document (for example, the table) was on
one page. In this case you should set a command of the prohibition of rupture of
pages before interested table to prevent its rupture.
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 At paragraph rupture many word-processors provide control for so called
hanging lines. As hanging line is called the first line or the title of the new paragraph
which has appeared on the last line of page (Widow), or the last line of the paragraph
which has appeared in the beginning of page (Orphan). Paragraph layout at its rupture
can be regulated differently. For example, not less than two lines in the end of page
and not less than three lines in the beginning.
For introduction of numbering of pages in the document created by you the
word-processor offers the special menu in which you can specify all interesting
condition to numbering: a site on sheet of number of page, a failure from numbering
of the first page, usage of page headers, etc. Numbers of pages are put down in page
headers.

Physical page Upper pageheader Upper

bounda
Logical page ry

Left Right

граница граница

Lower
Lower pageheader
граница

Fig. 3.5. A ratio of logical and physical pages

Page headers are one or several lines placed at begining or the end of each page
of the document. They normally contain numbers of pages, title of heads and
paragraphs, the title and the firm address, etc. Page headers can differ for even and
odd pages, and also for the first page and subsequent. Usage of page headers allows
to be guided better in the document, and also to use additional advertizing
possibilities.

Usage of templates
Standards are used for unification of structure and appearance of documents.
Templates are standardization tools of the documents created within the limits of
word-processors. Templates allow to make and store the general-purpose forms of
documents of various type: letters, service records, powers of attorney, payment
orders. The Component of templates are the styles defining appearance of characters
and paragraphs. Starting to make the certain document, you at first cause a template
of this type of documents, but then fill it. Document compilation is thus reduced to
filling of its certain fields with the text. The template once made on the basis of
standards can repeatedly be used further for creation of documents of a certain type.
Some word-processors (for example, WinWord) store in templates not only the
information necessary for creation of the new document, but also and some elements
of the Environment: the composition of toolbars and the menu, a set of macros,
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scaling factor at document display, etc. curiously that the document created in
WinWord, can be own template.
In developed word-processors there is variety of tools, enhancing automations of
creation of templates. Among them the most important are substitution fields and
macros.
Usage of fields of substitution gives the chance to interpose the new fields
intended for their further filling by the user into a template of the document.

Usage of macros
Macro is a file in which the program of actions sequence, set by the user is
stored. The macros has a unique name.
With macro it is possible to automate many typical technological stages of
operation with documents, for example, a macro performing command sequence on
creation of style for each paragraph of the document. After a macros execution the
sequence of actions or commands will be played back exactly as it was written down
in macros.
Macro create by two methods:
 Automatically in a special mode of a word-processor by record of actions
sequence of the user;
 Programming of sequence of the commands which are subject to performance.
The macro can be stored in the file of the document (for example, WinWord). It
can be stored also in a special style file as an element of the general surrounding of
document.

The autotext
The autotext (thesaurus) is the effective tool for templates and normal
documents development. The autotext forms on a basis of the special dictionary
(glossary) which is including often used words, phrases and pictures which are
interpose into the document as required. Any of specified elements of the autotext
can be saved under a certain name with its own style.

Merge of documents
There is a possibility of merge of documents in powerful word-processors. For
performance of this procedure it is necessary to have:
 The main document containing the constant information;
 The document - a source for storage of the variable information.
The standard form of help or the invitation, the standard letter, inscriptions on an
envelope, i.e. the form of any standard text etc. can be the main document.
The document-source should represent a database (or the table), which is consist
of the same records. The data with which the principal document will be filled
contain in the document-source.
Let's consider the following example of merge of documents: to write letters
with same contents to numerous addressees - unwanted job. The word-processor
automates this laborious process, connecting a constant component of the letter with
data, characterizing addressees. Thus the user should create a special address file. The
address file consists of the same records with names and addresses of clients. Each
record includes certain number of fields in which the data of each client registers. So,
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in the first field the surname, in the second - a name, in the third - a patronymic, in
the fourth - the address and etc. always registers
Suppose, you want to send letters to all applicants who passed exams to
University in this year. For this purpose you prepare a common part of the letter and
an address file of all enlisted entrants (fig. 3.6). In a letter common part by special
operators (on fig. 3.6 is F1 ^, F2 ^, F3 ^ and F4 ^) you specify, where also what fields
from an address file should be placed for each receiver. As a result the word-
processor automatically prints to you all letters containing the data of each student
besides the main part the address.
F1^ F2^ F3^ F4^ Main Final document after
document merging
Dear F2^ F3^ Announcing that you
enrolled in the first academic year at the
Medical Institute of Penza State
University. Glushkov Sergei Petrovich

Penza, Krasnaya st,. 40, apt. 1

Председатель приемной комиссии, Dear Glushkov Sergei Petrovich

F1^ Glushkov
профессор Волчихин В.И. Announcing that you enrolled in the first
F2^ Segrei academic year at the Medical Institute
of Penza State University.
F3^Petrovich

F4^ Penza, Krasnaya st,. 40, apt. 1

Source
document
Е^

F1^ Петров
Fig. 3.6. Mail merging
F2^ Петр

Control questions:
1. What’s the purpose of word-processor?
2. What structural elements are included in the interface of word-processor?
3. What’s the difference between insert and changeovers modes?
4. What’s an essence of operations of copying, relocation and removal of a
fragment of the text?
5. What role of the buffer of the intermediate storage?
6. For what an Undo operation is necessary?
7. What role of windows in the organization of operation with the text?
8. For what purposes the selection of fragments of the text is performed?
9. What’s the content of minimal set of typical operations?
10. What’s the purpose of a finding and changeover modes?
11. How spell check of words is performing?
12. For what purpose and how the dictionary of synonyms is used?
13. What’s the essence of check mode of syntax and style?
14. How the document formatting is produced and for what purpose?
15. In what cases page headers are used?
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16. Tell about the possibilities of a word processor automation technology work.
17. What’s the advantage of templates usage?

4. Word-processor MS Word
4.1 Creation and editing of documents

Creation of documents
Documents and templates of documents are formed by command File, Create
and specify meaning of the switch: the Document or the Template. The new window
having the standard name - "Document" or "Template" with serial number is
displayed on the screen after pushing the button <ОК>.
Word contains a large set of templates of standard documents: memos, faxes,
standard letters, summary, etc.
Templates provide to the user in advance prepared fields for data input. Most
often is when you are using a dynamic mode to create your own template by using
the template Wizard in interactive (dialogue) mode.

Saving of documents
Documents Word are saved in the form of files with standard.doc extension.
Parameters of file savings can be set by a command Service, Parameters and Save tab
in which necessary parameters are selected. There are two modes of saving of a file:
 Always create a backup copy - the copy of the source file with .bak extension
is saved;
 Fast save allowance – the whole document is not rewriting at saving, only
changes are added to the source file end.
For the correct playback of the document on other computer or under control of
other operating system it is possible to include used fonts in the document by set a
flag to Implement fonts TrueType. This document cannot be edited after
implementation of fonts in the document.
The document saves by the switch Autosave which set an interval of time (minute).
Authorized access passwords to documents which will be requested at the
document opening or at record of changes in the document are set for the active
document. The password consists of alphanumeric signs and gaps, the maximum
length of the password - 15 characters, line and uppercase letters are considered as
different signs. During password entry asterisks (*) are shown in the field. For one
document it is possible to set various passwords at opening and record of changes.
The password can be changed by repeated input or removed by a key <Del>.
The switch Open only for reading defines file usage only in a reading mode.
Initiating saving new or saving of the existing document under other name, on
other disk, in other directory is fulfilled by a command the File, Save as. The format
of the saved document is mandatory selected By specifying file type in the list.
If under the form, the standard document is prepared and containing typical
elements of the text or a drawing, formats (styles of design), elements of the autotext
and other it can be saved as a template of documents and to use further for creation
new documents.

13
 Repeated saving of the file having a name is recommended to perform by a
command the File, to Save or at toolbars Standard by the button to <Save>.

Opening of documents
Earlier saved document opens by command File, Open.
The folder name is underlined for a choice of the document file. File type.
Possible types of templates of file names:
 Documents Word (*.doc);
 Templates of documents (*.dot);
 The Text in a format *.rtf;
 Text files (*.txt);
 All files (*. *).
The button to <Find> organizes file search. The button <Small tags>, <Table>,
<Properties>, <Review> being in the windows upper part are serves for obtaining
different information about the selected file.

Printing of documents
For printing of documents it is necessary to adjust printing options by means of
a command of Service, Parameters after selecting the Print tab:
 Draft - printing of the document with minimum formatting;
 Upside-down - printing of pages in decreasing order of numbers;
 To Update fields - all fields of the document overcalculates before the
printing;
 To Update links - links to linked objects are viewed and contents of the objects
interposed into the document are updated before printing;
 Background printing - possibility of continuation of operation in Word during
the document printing.
The format and orientation of printing page are set by a command the File, page
Parameters, the tab Paper size.
The document can be viewed by command the File, Print preview before
document print process.
The File, Print commands execute a dialog box "Print" where settings for
document printing are performed:
 A printer Name - the list of the installed printers;
 Properties - adjustment of printer parameters;
 To Print - a choice of print object: the Document, the document information.
Notes, Styles, autotext Elements. Keyboard shortcuts;
 The Number of copies - number of printing copies is assigned;
 Pages: All, Current page (where there is a cursor), the Selected fragment, Pages
(are specified with a comma or a hyphen);
 To print - All pages of a range. Odd pages. Even pages;
 The Print in a file - formation of a file of the print (delayed print);
 Parameters - analog of a command Service, Parameters, Print
 Ok - to start document printing or Cancel - to exit from a print mode.
Start to print the document with earlier installed parameters of a dialog box "Print" by
button <Print> from a toolbar the File.

14
The spell check, review of document print image by command the File, Print preview
performs before document printing.

Input of the text

Text inputing in Word is performed line by line, transition to the next line within
one paragraph is fulfilled automatically. After key press <Enter> the previous
paragraph is finished and the new begins.
Commands Edit, Cancel and Edit, Repeat or by buttons allow sequentially to
cancel or repeat prior actions.

Methods of selection of fragments of the text

There are various methods of selection of fragments of the text - by means of
button keys or the mouse pointer.
Selection of a fragment of the text by button keys:
 Set cursor at the selection beginning;
 Simultaneous key press <Shift> and cursor movement keys for selecting a
fragment.
 Selection of a fragment of the text by mouse pointer on a level of:
 Characters, words, lines of the text - setting of the pointer of the mouse in the
beginning of selection and mouse dragging at the pushed left button till the end
of a selected fragment;
 Words - setting of the pointer of the mouse on a word and left mouse button
double click;
 The paragraph - cursor setting in the arbitrary place of the paragraph and triple
click of the left mouse button;
 Single line - unary click of the left mouse button in the field to the left of a line
of the text;
 Groups of lines of the text - unary click of the left mouse button in the field to
the left of начала the text and vertical dragging of the mouse till the end of a
fragment;
 Object (a picture, the formula, the chart) - cursor setting on object and single
click of the mouse left key.
Selection of the text of all document is executed by means of a command Edit,
select all.

Copying, relocation and removal of fragments of the text

These operations are performed only in relation to the selected fragment of the
text. Thus it is possible to use two independent mechanisms - through a clipboard and
without it by a method of drag-and-drop (drag and drop by the mouse).
Copying is executed by a command Edit, Copy, the copy is located in the buffer
and Editing can repeatedly be used for an insertion by command Paste. For fragment
relocation commands are executed: Edit, Cut, and then - Edit, Paste. Removal of a
fragment of the text is performed by command Edit Clear or at key press <Del>.
These operations can be performed also with the shortcut menu where commands are
selected: Cut, Copy, Paste.
It is possible to use special buttons of a toolbar Standard: copy to the buffer, cut,
paste from the buffer.
15
 Other variants of performance of operations of editing are based on method
usage drag-and-drop (drag and drops by the mouse):
 For relocation of the selected fragment it is necessary to set the mouse pointer
on it and, retaining pushed the left button, to move the mouse;
 For copying of the selected fragment the key <Ctrl> is pushed and fragment
relocation in a new place is performed.

Search and changeover of fragments of the text

In documents Word it is possible to perform search and changeover of the text,
formats (a font, the paragraph, language, style), various special characters (a marker
of the paragraph, a footnote or the remark, the end of section, a column, etc.). For this
purpose use commands Edit, Find (only search) or Edit, Replace (search and
changeover).

Text AutoCorrect
The autotext - the fragment of the document which is including the text or the
drawing which can be used for an insertion in the document under control of the user.
Examples of elements of the autotext are:
 Signatures of officials with indications of a title of a post, a rank, etc.;
 The full titles of the organizations;
 "Headlines" of standard forms of documents;
 Typical forms of documents, etc.
Storage of elements of the autotext is performed in a document template,
therefore they are accessible to all documents which are connected to this template.
Operation with autotext elements performs by command Service, an
AutoCorrect and by setting values of parameters in a dialog box "Autotext". Elements
of autotext can be added and deleted, but not to edit.
The button to <Add> adds the selected fragment as a new element of the
autotext with the given name. The button to <Interpose> interposes the selected
element into the document text. For removal of an element of the autotext it is
necessary to select his name and to push the button to <Delete>.
The AutoCorrect works in a dynamic mode (unlike the autotext which is
interposed under control of the user). Autochangeover elements form and deleted by
means of a command Service, an AutoCorrect in a dialog box "AutoCorrect".
Autochangeover elements can be added, changed and deleted.
Switches of a mode of self-correcting are specified:
 Correction of double initial uppercase letters;
 The first letter of a sentence - capital;
 Elimination of consequences of stray keystroke of a key <Caps Lock>;
 Changeover of the text at input process. In the first field the initial text is
underlined. In the
second field the new text with or without registration of formatting is underlined.

Spelling
The command Service, Parameters, the tab Spelling allows to set parameters of
text checks.

16
 Spelling is fulfilled under the main dictionary of the selected language and by
additional dictionaries of the user which can contain the arbitrary words (for example,
reference designations, keywords of a programming language, etc.). It is possible to
create the new dictionary of the user or to edit the existing dictionary.
Spelling includes the body text, the text of page headers, footnotes, endnotes and
remarks.

The Task 1. Acquaintance to the main adjustments of the document and

technology of its saving in the environment of word-processor Word
1. Load word-processor Word.
2. Install a mode of page display of the document on the screen.
3. Set key parameters (the type and type size, a text alignment method), which
will be set by default on text entering.
4. Type the following text, without pushing a key <Enter>:
Dear sirs! Visit a site «Medical information resources of the Penza region». Here you
find the information on system of public health services of the Penza region, an
official site of Medical institute of the Penza state university, the medical library
containing electronic textbooks, scientific articles, books, subject reviews of the
literature, works of conferences, the study-methodical literature and many other
things. Our address in network Internet: http://medic.stup.ac.ru.
5. Save the typed text in a file with a name Text1. Pay attention to a difference
between commands to Save as... And a command to Save.
6. Close the document.
7. Open the document.
8. Close the document.
9. Learn to quit Word environment.

Procedure of performance of task 1

1. Enter into the environment of word-processor Word, used one of known
methods. For example, you can always make it through the Main menu. For this
purpose:
 Click by the button <Start-up>;
 From the Main menu select the command Program, Microsoft Word; there will
be an interface of the environment of word-processor Word with new
document on the display. If Word with other document is already loaded, it is
necessary for creation of the new document to execute a command the File, to
Create with acknowledgement in a dialog box of the parameters of the
document set by default that the Document and type Normal is defined by the
switch.

17
Figure 1.

Figure 2.

18
2. Install a text display mode on the screen, executing a command the Type, a
document Marking.

Figure 3.
3. Perform minimum of necessary adjustments of the document. For this purpose
on the panel Formatting:
 Click by the text alignment button <By width> (titles of buttons of a control
bar appear in a
pop-up window at induction on them of the cursor);
 Install type size - 10;
 Install font type - a Times New Roman.

Figure 4.
4. Type the text according to the job thus:
19
  Try to work on the keypad as fingers of both hands;
 In the course of typing do not push a key <Enter>;
 Do not correct mistakes in the process of typing. It reduces speed of text
entering. You
make it after the end of typing, by performing out the job 2.

Figure 5.
5. Save the typed text in a file with a name Тext1.doc in a personal folder on a
working disk. For this purpose use typical sequence of technological operations on
document saving in any application-oriented environment of Microsoft:
 Enter a command the File, to Save as;

Figure 6.

20
 Figure 7.
 In the appeared dialog box «document Saving», click the button <Passage to
one level
upwards>, pass to a working disk and select a personal folder;
 If the personal folder is not on a working disk it’s necessary to be created. For
this purpose
push the button <to Create a folder> and replace a title of New folder with a
personal folder title;
 Push the button <ОК>;
 Pass in a personal folder, clicking on her name two times;
 Type in the lower part of a dialog box in line a file Name - Text1, by default
the file type will be Document Word;

Figure 8.
21
  Push the button to <Save>.

Figure 9.
For saving of the document having a name, it is usually recommends to use a
command the File, to Save or the button to <Save> in toolbars Standard.

Figure 10.
6. Close the created document with the text, entering a command the File, to
Close. Two variants are thus possible:
 If you saved the document before the window will be closed at once;
 If you did not save the document beforehand, the question will be asked,
whether it is necessary to save this document before window closing. Select
one of possible variants.

22
 Figure 11.
7. Open the document created by you:
 Execute a command the File, to Open;
 Set the cursor at a name of your a file, in a dialog box «document opening»;
 Push the button to <Open>.

Figure 12.
8. Close the document, executing a command the File, to Close (item 6) see.
9. Quit from Word, executing a command the File, the Output.

The job 2. Performance of the main operations on editing of Word text

documents
Perform the editing of earlier created text from a file Теxт1.doc which variants
are specified below.
1. Open the document which created according to the task1 and stored in a file
Теxт1.doc.
2. Correct the mistakes committed in the process of typing.
3. Divide the text into paragraphs and compare to the image on fig. 4.1.
4. Master various methods of selection of fragments of the text.
5. Learn to copy paragraphs by means of the shortcut menu.
6. Learn to copy paragraphs by means of the controlling (main) menu.
7. Delete a copy of the paragraph by means of the shortcut menu.
8. Delete a copy of the paragraph by means of the controlling (main) menu.
23
9. Do yourself a series of exercises on copying and a swap of paragraphs,
sentences in paragraphs, words in sentences, letters in words.
10. Perform search in the text of the words beginning with an identical letter, for
example from M.
11. Perform search of identical words in the text, for example you.
12. Copy all text of the job and correct an appeal to one person in it - "the Dear
friend!".
13. Replace one word with another, for example you on You.
14. Create and use further an element of autocorrect of the text at typing, for
example addresses in network Internet: http://medic.stup.ac.ru.
15. Check up text spelling, using the main dictionary.
16. Save a file under a name Text2.

Procedure of performance of task2

1. Open the document Теxт1.doc - a command the File, to Open, specifying
following parameters in dialogue box:
Folder: a way to a personal folder on a working disk
File type: document Word
Set the cursor on a name of a file Text1 and push the button <Open>.
2. For correction of the errors admitted in the course of typing it is necessary to
set cursor before or after a wrong letter and to enter the correct. The erratic letter
(character) should be erased by used keys <Del> or <BackSpace>.
3. The text Partition on paragraphs is produced by means of a key <Enter>.
Taking the cursor to the first letter (character) of the paragraph or to the last letter
(character) of the previous sentence, push a key <Enter>. As a result you should
receive the text represented on fig. 4.1.
To check the availability of the paragraphs click on Standard panel right side the
button with <¶ character. You see ¶ character in the end of each paragraph. To cancel
repeat pushing the button <¶>.
«Dear sirs!
Visit a site «Medical information resources of the Penza region».
Here you find the information on system of public health services of the Penza
region, an official site of Medical institute of the Penza state university, the medical
library containing electronic textbooks, scientific articles, books, subject reviews of
the literature, works of conferences, the study-methodical literature and many other
things.
Our address in network Internet: http://medic.stup.ac.ru.»
Fig. 4.1. The text of the job 1 after a partition on paragraphs

24
 Figure 13.
4. Perform various methods of selection of fragments of the text: separate words,
characters, lines of the text, group of lines of the text, the paragraph. For this purpose:
 For word selection set the cursor on it and click left mouse button two times;
 For selection one or the several successively going characters in line set the
cursor before the first or last character, push the left mouse button and,
retaining it, drag the mouse on characters;
 For selection of a line set the mouse pointer on a left margin of the text about
the line. The pointer changes the image to an arrow with an inclination to the
right. Click the left mouse button. The line will be selected by dark color;
 For selection of group of lines set the mouse pointer on a left margin of the text
about the first or last line. The pointer changes the image to an arrow with an
inclination to the right. Click the left mouse button and drag the mouse till the
end of the unit of lines. Lines will be selected by dark color;
 For paragraph selection set the cursor in any place of the paragraph and click
the left mouse button three times.
5. Copy the first paragraph in the end of the text of the invitation, using the
mouse:
 Select the paragraph;
 Set the mouse cursor on selection, an appearance of an arrow with an
inclination to the right as result;
 Click the right mouse button and from the appeared menu select a command to
Copy;

25
 Figure 14.
 Set the mouse cursor in the document end, click the right key and from the
appeared menu select a command to Interpose;

Figure 15.
 Repeat all actions for creation of the second copy.
6. Copy the second paragraph in the end of the text of the invitation, used menu
commands:
 Select the paragraph;
 Enter a command Editing, to Copy;

26
 Figure 16.
 Install the mouse cursor in the document end;
 Enter a command Editing, to Interpose;

Figure 17.
 Repeat all actions for creation of the second copy.
7. Delete a copy of the first paragraph, doing actions by the mouse:
 Select the paragraph;
 Set the mouse cursor on selection, an appearance of an arrow with an
inclination to the right as result;
 Click the right mouse button and from the appeared menu select a command to
Cut.

27
 Figure 18.
8. Delete a copy of the second paragraph using menu commands:
 Select the paragraph;
 Enter a command Editing, to Cut.

Figure 19.
9. Do yourself a series of exercises on copying and swap of paragraphs, sentences
in paragraphs, words in sentences, letters in words.
For performance of this job it is necessary to apply to items 4 - 8 or to study help
on methods of selection, copying, relocation and removal of fragments of the text.
10. In the text perform search of the words beginning with M letter. For this:
 Set the cursor on the text beginning;
 Execute a command Editing, to Find;

28
 Figure 20.
 Push the button <Large> in a dialog box for its full display;

Figure 21.
 In the field to Find enter <(M)
 Set parameter the Direction: Everywhere;
 Set a flag to Consider wildcards;
 Push the button <to Find next>, until you find all the inclusion of this word in
the text.

29
 Figure 22.
11. Task performance on search of a You word is performed similarly to item 10.
12. Copy all text of the task and correct an appeal to one person in it " Dear
friend!".

Figure 23.
13. For changeover of one word by another:
 Execute a command Edit, Replace;
 In a dialog box "Find and replace" enter following parameters:
In line of Find: you
In line of Replace: You
Direction: everywhere
To set flags: to Consider the register and Only a word entirely

30
 Figure 24.
14. Create an element of autocorrect and use it at typing and text editing:
 Select the fragment of the text for example specified in the text the address:
http://medic.stup.ac.ru;
 Execute a command Service, an AutoCorrect. In a dialog box in the right line
the selected fragment - the address in network Internet will be displayed. In the
left field to Replace type a reference designation, for example а1, and click
<Add>;
 Close a window, pushing the button <ОК>;
 Set the cursor in any place;
 Type an abbreviation а1 and, pushing a key <Enter> or a gap, you see its
decryption in the form of the address in network Internet.
15. Check up spelling, using the main built in dictionary:
 Set the cursor in the text beginning;
 Execute a command Service, Spelling;
If no errors the message of spellcheck end will be produced;
At suspicion for an error the matching word will be selected which you can edit using
dialog box buttons.

31
 Figure 25.
16. Save a file, performing the actions similar described in item 5 of the task 1:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 In the appeared window set the personal directory and enter a name of a file
Text2;
 Push the button to <Save>.

Figure 26.

The task 3. Creation of the standard document on the basis of a template which
is available in Word
As training, create your resume, without which it will be hard for you when
looking for job. To do this, use the Wizard summary, performing the following tasks:
1. Open the Master of the resume.
32
2. Select type of a resume template and standard fields necessary for you.
3. Fill an resume template with the personal data.
4. Save the created resume in a personal folder, appropriating it any name.

Performance of the procedure of the task 3

1. Open the Master of the resume, fulfilling following actions:
 Execute a command the File, Create;
 Select the tab Other documents;
 Click on the tab at the sample the Master of the resume;
 Push the button <ОК>.

Figure 27.
2. Set type of the resume and define standard fields which should be in it. For this
purpose you should use the button <Next> for change of windows after selecting in
each window those parameters which you would like to have in the resume. For
example, set following parameters:
Style: the standard
Type: the normal
The address: enter a surname, the address, phone and so forth
Information: a birth date and birth place, a nationality, parents, etc.
Standard points: the purpose, formation, language skills, a hobby and so forth
Other points: do not set
Click the <Done> button.
3. On the screen there will be a standard template with fields which you just
defined. This field with the specific data as follows is filled:
 If the title of a field with a colon is resulted it is necessary to enter the data in
this line by
setting the cursor after a colon;
 If the field title is selected by dark color in square brackets it is necessary to
click on this

33
field and to begin text entering with the keypad. As soon as you enter the first
character, the field title disappears.
4. After data input save the resume, entering a command the File, Save as.

4.2 Formatting of the document

Formatting is the process of appearance of the document in whole or its
fragments in any software environment. A word "formatting" is coming from a word
"form", i.e. something should give the certain form. Various methods and tools of
formatting which are given by word-processor Word, allow to receive professionally
issued text.
Formatting of documents is performed as a result of following actions:
 Setting of parameters of page of the document;
 Applications of font design of characters of the text;
 Setting of paragraphs position for page and setting for them indents and
intervals (at the left and on the right, interline and between paragraphs
intervals);
 A choice of variants of a border and filling of paragraphs;
 Text layouts in columns; jobs of style of design of the character, the paragraph,
page, etc.
The most part of these actions can be implemented by menu tools the Format.
Document formatting is based on the setting of new formats to elements of the text
which should be selected beforehand.

Font selection of the text (formatting of characters)

The document text is typed by the font set by default which adjustment is
fulfilled in a dialog box <Font>, opened by a command Format, Font. Setting of a
format of a font can be made for any fragment of the text. Font parameters which set
are applies to again entered text or to beforehand selected text fragment.
The dialog box of a command the Font contains three tabs. On each tab in a
window <Sample> the result of adjustment of a font is displayed.
The tab the Font with parameters:
 Font type. A Times New Roman, Arial, Courier fonts, etc., are normally
applied for input of
Russian letters;
 A type face: normal, italics, bold, bold-italics;
 Type size in points (pt) or other units;
 Underlining of the selected fragment by lines of different type;
 Color of a font;
 Characters of the selected fragment crossed out by one or two lines;
 Display of the selected characters at level of the upper or lower indexes;
 To make the selected fragment hidden;
 Display selected fragment by normal or small uppercase letters, with a shade
or on a circuit (double circuit), raised or drowned.
The tab the Interval with parameters:
 An interval which allows to specify distance in points (pt): normal, distanced,
compacted.
The distance can be changed in a window;
34
  Offset set the offset of the selected fragment in pt relative to the base lines
upwards or downwards;
 Kerning is for automatic selection of an interval between characters.
The tab Animation allows to select the animation type of selected fragment from
the list.
The button <By default> uses the made setting of a font in all new documents,
based on a current template.
Fast setting of a format of a font can be fulfilled with usage of buttons of a
toolbar Formatting: <Font>, <Type size>, a font face (semibold, italics, underlining).

Text paragraph formatting

The document text consists of paragraphs, the paragraph comes to an end with
key press <Enter>. Thus the special symbol ¶ is interposed into the text . Removal of
the given character provides merge of paragraphs, and the incorporated paragraph
receives format settings of lower added paragraph. A new line is automatically
performed when typing.
The format of paragraphs is set by a command Format, Paragraph which opens
the dialog window "Paragraph" containing the tabs Indents and intervals, Position on
page.
On the tab Indents and intervals are set:
 Alignment - on width, on center, on the left or right edges;
 A choice of level of structure of the document to which the made setting are
attributed;
 Boundaries of paragraphs (indents) at the left and to the right of quire edge;
 Intervals – between lines and paragraphs (before and after);
 A type of the first line of the paragraph - with an indent to the right (red) or to
the left (trailing).
The tab Position on page defines rules of a partition of lines of the paragraph on
pages:
 The widow line prohibition - is forbidden to print the one first or last line of the
paragraph on other page (it is possible not less than 2 lines);
 Not to break off the paragraph, i.e. to allocate entirely on one page;
 Not to tear off from the following paragraph - current and following
paragraphs are printed on one page;
 From new page - the selected paragraph to begin with new page, interposing
pages divider;
 To forbid numbering of lines of the paragraph;
 To forbid automatic hyphenation.
Fast formatting of paragraphs can be fulfilled by panel Formatting which
contains necessary buttons of alignment of the paragraph On the left edge, By a right
edge, By center, By width.
All other setting of a format of the paragraph are fulfilled in a dialog box
"Paragraph".

Border and text filling

Various methods of a border, filling with a pattern, color changes, etc , are used
for more expressiveness of design of paragraphs and text pages.
35
 The command Format, Boundaries and filling opens an adjustment dialog box
«Border and filling». On the tab Boundary or Page is selected:
 Type of the paragraph border or page;
 Color, type and width of a line of the paragraph border or page;
 The parameters defining position of the paragraph on page or a page field.
On the tab Filling is set type and color of a pattern, background color.

Change of the register for the image of letters

Register formatting provides conversion of the selected fragment of the text by
command Format, Register and a choice appropriate button:
 As in sentences - the first letter of the first word is represented as capital;
 All line - all letters of the selected text are line;
 ALL CAPITAL - all letters of the selected text are capital;
 To Begin with Capital - the first letter of each selected word is capital;
 To CHANGE the REGISTER - changeover of uppercase letters on line, and
line - on capital in the selected text.

Lists for design of listings in the text

Listings in text documents are often made in the form of lists. Three types of
lists are distinguished: marked, numbered, multi-level. Examples of three types of
lists are resulted on fig. 4.2. The list is formatted both before input of elements, and
for elements already typed in the form of separate paragraphs. The type changing is
admitted for created list.
The marked list The Indexed list The Multi-level list

 Hardware support: I. Hardware support: 1. Hardware support:

 System unit System unit 1.1. System unit
 Monitor Monitor 1.2. Monitor
 Keypad Keypad 1.3. Keypad
 Printer Printer 1.4. Printer
 The software: II. The software: 2. The software:
 System System 2.1. System
 Application- Application-oriented 2.2. Application-
oriented oriented
Fig. 4.2 Illustration of types of lists
There are some various methods of formatting of lists:
 By means of a command the Format, the List;
 By means of a command the List from the shortcut menu;
 Fast formatting by means of buttons <Numbering> and <Markers> on the
panel Formatting.
The command the Format, the List deduces a dialog box "List" for a choice of
tab, corresponding to list type. The selected type of the list can be adjusted by button
<Change> and setting necessary parameters in a dialog box «Change list»:
 For the marked list the character (marker) from font set Word is selected; the
size and color of a marker is jammed; position of a marker and position of the
text (indents) is underlined;

36
  For the indexed list the format of number from the font set Word is underlined;
the list on page (on left or to the right edge, on center) and its indent; an indent
of the text from number; initial number of the list;
 For the multi-level list number of hierarchical level is underlined, and further
for the selected level adjustment of parameters by the same rules, as for the
indexed list is carried out.
Appropriate indents for list elements can be changed as by means of a command
the Format, the List, and by means of buttons of a toolbar of Formatting - <to Reduce
an indent>, <to Increase an indent>. Besides, by means of the mouse on horizontal
ruler for the selected elements of the list it is possible to fulfill relocation of pointers
of indents.
For change of level of hierarchy it is necessary to install the cursor on an element and
to push buttons:
<Shift> <Alt> <> for reduction of level of hierarchy;
<Shift> <Alt> <> for increase of level of hierarchy.
To delete the list it is possible normal methods or by means of a command the
Format, the List the button to <Delete>.

Text formatting on columns

For texts of newspaper type the input in some columns is fulfilled, after filling
left (on height of page or before the installed restriction) the cursor automatically
passes columns in the following column.
Any insertions or removals of the text and drawing in columns automatically
provide "overflowing" of the text from a column to a column. The text of columns is
formatted by common rules.
The format of the newspaper text is set by means of a command the Format,
Columns:
 An amount of columns (one, two, three etc. columns);
 Width of each column (or identical width of all columns);
 Presence of a separating ruler between columns.
If the document new, after performance of the given command the text is
entered into the given number of columns on page.
The existing text also can be allocated in columns, beforehand selecting either
its fragment, or all document.

Numbering of pages
The command the Insertion, Numbers of pages is used for numbering of pages,
with which help is possible to specify:
 Position - above or in the bottom of page;
 Alignment - on the right, at center, at the left, outside or in page;
 Number of the first page;
 A format of numbers of pages.

Styles of the document

All documents Word are formed by means of a command the File, to Create.
Styles are important components of the created document. Styles allow to make out
quickly various on appearance and character texts. The starter kit of styles is selected
37
from the template connected with the document. Style - the named set of text
elements formats.
Standard and user (special) styles are distinguished. Standard styles are formed
by word-processor Word automatically. The user styles are formed by the user with
modification of standard or as a result of selection from available characteristics
demanded. Style of the user can be accessible or only for the separate document, or
for a template.
For reducing complexity of document formatting are used:
 Attributing of standard styles to the selected fragments of the text;
 Creation of new styles;
 Redefinition (change) of styles;
 Loan of styles of other templates.
The appropriate dialog box containing the list of templates of documents is
opened by means of a command the Format, Library of styles. It is possible to look at
variants of styles of design in a review window, used buttons:
 <Document> - is displayed the current document with usage of styles of
selected template;
 <Sample> - is displayed the example of the document formatted by styles of
the selected template;
 <Samples of styles> - are deduced by the list and samples of formats of styles
of the selected template.
Styles of selected template will automatically be copied in a template of the
current document and will be accessible to usage after double click on a name of the
selected template.
The command the Format, Style opens a dialog box "Style" in which the list of
styles of a certain type is reflected: All styles, Used styles, Special styles (created by
the user).
At a choice of certain style in a window "Paragraph" is displayed a type of
paragraphs, and in window "Characters" - type and the size of a used font of the
given style. The button to <Apply> perform style superimposing on the selected
fragment of the text.
For faster superimposing of style on the selected fragment of the text use the
button <Style> on the panel Formatting after clicking it the list of styles is offered
with set by default in the current document.
The button to <Delete> a dialog box "Style" deletes the selected style from the
list of styles accessible to application.
The button to <Create> of a dialog box "Style" opens a dialog box «style
Creation» for determination of new style, parameters are thus specified:
Style name - a unique name
Style (the paragraph or the character)
It is based on style - the style selected from the list will be a basis for creation of
new style
Style of the paragraph following the current paragraph
The format of elements of the text - a font, paragraph formatting rules, type of a
border of the text, language, list type and so forth are defined
To add a new style in a template
38
There is a different way of creation of new style. Beforehand in the document text
formatting at paragraph or character group level is fulfilled. Then the current
selection in the dialog window creates a style where you enter new name for the
style.
The button to <Change> a dialog box "Style" allows to change separate formats
of selected style. There is a dialog box «style Change», identical to a dialog box
«style Creation» with which help it is possible to redefine style or to return former
design.
The button <Organizer> is used for copying of styles from other documents or
templates in the current document. To copy the list it is possible both from left to
right, and from right to left. Thus it is necessary to specify a file-source and a file-
receiver of styles. For file-receiver instructions in a dialog box "Organizer" it is
necessary to push the button <Close a file> which will be replaced by the button
<Open a file>. It is necessary to push this button, and in a window there will be
directories available on a disk and files. After a choice of a name of a file in a
window the styles which are set in it will be shown. Further, for example, you
perform with the left window to select styles of a file-source and to produce their
copying by means of the button to <Copy> in the right window for a file-receiver.

The main points to remember at document formatting

 Document Word consists of sections (sections), each of which is divided into
paragraphs.
 Each section has the parameters of page (a field, layout and a type of
pageheaders, an amount of columns).
 Each paragraph is characterized by the layout (intervals on top and from below,
line spacing, a font, a type of the first line, list type, etc.).
 The style which parameters can be modified to each paragraph is attributed.
 Each style can be based on other style. The majority of styles, as a rule, is
based on style "Normal" which change will be reflected on all document.
 Paragraph Parameters associate with a marker of its end which removal leads
to removal of style design of the paragraph.
 Section Parameters associate with a separator (marker) of its end which
removal leads to removal of style design of section.

The task 4. Text formatting

Lead formatting of the text displayed on fig. 4.1 so that the sample resulted as
on fig. 4.3. Standard operations of formatting fulfill by means of the menu (in
command mode) or by means of a toolbar in the following sequence.
1. Open the document Теxt2.doc created at performance of the task 2
2. Issue an appeal of "Dear sirs!" in the text with a bold-face type and size 16 pt.
3. Center the paragraph - a text fragment "Dear sirs!".
4. Change lowercase letters on capital, using for this purpose a text fragment
"Dear Sirs!".
5. Issue a fragment of the text with instructions of the address of a site in the
semiboldface italics with size 12 pt and break this fragment into paragraphs.
6. Produce alignment and design by fonts of all text according to fig. 4.3.
7. Conclude all text in the frame and make a background.
39
8. Save the document in a file with a name Text3.

Procedure of performance of task 4

1. Open the document Text2.dos a command the File, to Open.
2. Issue an appeal of "Dear sirs!" in the text using a bold-face type with size 16 pt
in a command mode. For this purpose do the following:
 Select an appeal of "Dear sirs!" with one of possible methods;
 Execute a command the Format the Font;

Figure 28.
 Set parameters In a dialog box "Font":
Font: a Times New Roman
Outline: the semiboldface
The size: 16pt
On remaining parameters: flags and instructions are not present

40
 Figure 29.
 Set parameters in a dialog box "Interval":
Scale: 100 %
Interval: the rarefied
On: 6 pt
Offset: no
Kerning: the flag is not present
 Push the button <ОК>.

Figure 30.

41
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Fig. 4.3. The text after the operations of formatting

3. Allocate the paragraph selected with a font in item 2, by symmetric concerning
center (center the paragraph) with indents on top and from below. For this purpose
use a command mode:
 Install the cursor in the paragraph, clicking the mouse in it;
 Execute a command the Format, the Paragraph;

Figure 31.
 In a dialog box «Indents and intervals» set parameters:
Alignment: on center
Indents: at the left and on the right - 0
Interval: before - 6 pt; after - 12 pt
Level: the body text
The first line: there is no Line spacing: the one-and-a-half
 Push the button <ОК>.
42
 Figure 32.
4. Change lowercase letters to the capital in the selected fragment. For this
purpose:
 Select a text fragment (Dear sirs!);
 Execute a command the Format, the Register;
 Include the button <All capital> and push the button <ОК>.
5. Issue a fragment of the text with instructions of the address of a site a font
semibold italics, in the size 12 pt and divide this fragment into paragraphs - by means
of buttons of a toolbar Formatting:
 Divide the text into paragraphs how it is shown on fig. 4.3. For this purpose set
the cursor before the first letter of the paragraph also push a key <Enter>;
 Select the specified fragment of the text with one of possible methods;
 Superimpose a font, clicking the left mouse button on buttons of a type face
and To (B and I) a toolbar Formatting,
 Install type size 12, clicking the left mouse button on the button <Type size>
and selecting from the list the necessary size;
 Align the text of the selected fragment of the text on the left edge, pushing the
button <On the left edge>.

43
 Figure 33.
6. The Remaining text issue fonts and align it independently according to the
sample on fig. 4.3.

Figure 34.

44
 Figure 35.
7. Conclude all text in the frame and make a background. For this purpose:
 Select all text with one of possible methods;
 Execute a command the Format, Boundaries and filling;
 In a dialog box "Boundary" set parameters:
Type (frames): a shade Type (lines): the double wavy
Width: 0,75 пт
Color: the red

Figure 36.
To apply to: to the paragraph
 In a dialog box "Filling" install parameters:
Type: a light grid
Background color: the cyan
45
 To apply to: to the paragraph
 Push the button <ОК>.

Figure 37.
8. Save a file:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 In the appeared window set the personal directory and enter a name of a file
Text3;
 Push the button to <Save>.

The job 5. The indexed and marked lists

Type the text and issue its fragments as the indexed and marked lists according
to fig. 4.4. For this purpose:
1. Set a mode of page display of the document on the screen.
2. Create the new document.
3. Type the text resulted on fig. 4.5.
4. Select with a font title (a line 1).
5. Issue a line 2-3 as the indexed list.
6. Center and install a bold-face type in line 4.
7. Issue a line 5 texts as the marked list of 1st level.
8. Issue a line 11 and 18-21 as the marked list of 1st level.
9. Issue group of lines 6 - 10 and 12 - 17 marked list of 2nd level.
10. Change a type of the marked list of 2nd level for group of lines 6 - 10 and 12-
17.
11. Save the text in a file Text4.

46
 Remember!

1. It is necessary to select fragment of the text before formatting begin

2. It is possible to Format by means of the menu or a toolbar Formatting .
To format the text is means to be able to fulfill following operations:

 To set a font, i.e. to set parameters:

 type,
 an outline,
 size,
 underlying,
 color;
 To define effects in fonts:
 An Upper index,
 A lower index,
 Crossed out,
 Drowned,
 The raised
 And so forth.;
 To set character spacing;
 To set line spacing;
 Make the first line of the paragraph red or trailing;
 And many other operations with which it is possible to get acquainted in the
menu the Format.

Fig.4.4. Samples of text fragments formed as indexed or marked lists

Procedure of performance of task 5

1. Set a text display mode on the screen, executing a command the Type, a
document Marking.

47
 Figure 38.
2. Create the new document, executing a command the File, to Create, with
acknowledgement set by default template type - the Normal document.
3. Type the text resulted on fig. 4.5. For passage to a new line in the course of
typing push a key <Enter>. Do not input digits at typing. They serves for row
number instructions.

Figure 39.
4. Select 1st line and set a bold-face type.

Figure 40.
5. Issue a text fragment as the indexed list by means of the menu. For this
purpose:
 Select 2nd and 3rd lines;
 Execute a command the Format, the List;
48
  Select the tab Numbered;
 On the tab click the mouse on the second sample in the upper row;
 Push the button <ОК>.

Figure 41.
6. Select 4th line, install a bold-face type and center.

Figure 42.
7. Issue a text fragment as the marked list of 1st level by means of the menu. For
this purpose:
 Select 5th line;
 Execute a command the Format, the List;
 Select the tab Marked;
 On the tab click the mouse on the third sample in the lower row;
 Push the button <ОК>.
49
 Figure 43.
8. As the marked list of 1st level issue a line 11 and 18-21, by using methods of
items 7.

Figure 44.
9. Issue the marked list of 2nd level group of lines 6 - 10 and 12 - 17. For this
purpose:
 Select group of lines;
 Execute a command the Format, the List;
 Select the tab Marked;
 On the tab click the mouse on the second sample in the upper row; push the
button to <Change>;
 In a dialog box «Change of the marked list» install value of parameter marker
Position, an indent equal of 3 cm;
50
  Push the button <ОК>;
 Repeat the technology described in given point for the following group of
lines, used the shortcut menu.

Figure 45.

Remember!

1. It is necessary to select a fragment of the text before formatting begin .

2. It is possible to Format by means of the menu or a toolbar Formatting .
3. To format the text is means to be able to fulfill following operations:
4. To set a font, i.e. to set parameters:
5. type,
6. an outline,
7. size,
8. underlying,
9. color;
10. To define effects in fonts:
11. Upper index,
12. Lower Index,
13. Crossed out,
14. Drowned,
15. The raised
16. And so forth.;
17. To set character spacing;
18. To set line spacing;
19. Make the first line of the paragraph red or trailing;
20. And many other operations with which it is possible to get acquainted in the menu
the Format.

Fig.4.5. resulted text to the task 5

10. Change design of the list of 2nd level (a line 6 - 10 and 12 - 17), fulfilling
following actions:
51
  Select group of lines;
 Execute a command the Format, the List;
 Select the tab Marked and push the button to <Change>;
 In the appeared window (tab) set following parameters:
The marker character: to select the character from the offered samples or from
the list, pushing the button <Marker>
Marker position, indent: 3 cm
Text position, indent: 0
Push the button <Font> and on the tab Animation select type of animation of
Flashing background
 Push the button <ОК> in each window;
 Repeat the actions described here in relation to other group of lines.

Figure 46.
11. Save a file:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 In the appeared window set the personal directory and enter a name of a file
Text4;
 Push the button to <Save>.

52
 Figure 47.

The job 6. Mastering of technology of operation with styles

1. Open a file Тext2.doc and define, what styles are used at design of the text
document.
2. Change style of the selected fragment of the text.
3. Create new style of the paragraph.
4. Apply the style created by you to any paragraph.
5. Create new style of the character and apply it at first to one character, and then
to character group.
6. Create style on the basis of the selected fragment of the document.
7. Save the text in a file Text5.

Procedure of performance of task 6

1. Open earlier created file in which the text, displayed on fig. 4.1 is stored:
 Open the document Text2.doc a command the File, to Open;
 Set the cursor in any place of the text and define style in which the text is
created. For this purpose look at panels at Formatting in last left window in

53
which the title of the applied style is displayed.

Figure 48.
2. Change style of a fragment of the document, selecting from the list other type
of style. For this purpose:
 Select a text fragment;
 Execute a command the Format, Style;
 From a dialog box "Style" select from the list style, for example style Top;
 Push the button to <Apply>;
 The selected text changes the display to the screen;
 Do these operations to destination different styles to other fragments of the
text.

Figure 49.
3. Create new style of the paragraph:
54
 Execute a command the Format, Style;
 Push the button to <Create> and set in a window «style Creation» parameters
of new style:

Figure 50.

Figure 51.
Name: Probe1
It is based on style: the Body text
Style: the paragraph
Style of the following paragraph: the Body text
 Push the button <Format> and set font parameters: Arial, italics, semibold, 16
pt;
 Push two times the button <ОК> for an output from windows of determination
of style, then the button <Close>.
55
 Figure 52.
4. Apply the style Probe1 created by you to any paragraph:
 Select in the text of the document the paragraph;
 Execute a command the Format, Style;
 Select from a dialog box from the list style Probe1;
 Push the button to <Apply>.

Figure 53.
5. Similarly create new style of the character and apply it at first to one character,
and then to character group.
6. Create style on the basis of the selected fragment of the document. It is
necessary in that case when you any fragment, for example the paragraph, formatted
in a special way and would like to save this style of design. In this case at first mark

56
the given fragment, and then do the same operations, as well as at creation of new
style.
7. Save a file:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 In the appeared window set the personal directory and enter a name of a file
Text5;
 Push the button to <Save>.

The task 7. Creation of columns

Allocate the text in two columns how it is shown on fig. 4.6. At performance of this
job it is recommended to adhere following sequence of actions:
1. Open a file Text4.dos.
2. Allocate the selected fragment in two columns.
3. Change text layout in two columns.
4. Apply other type of layout of the text in two columns.
5. Set single column layout type of the text till the end of the text after a
fragment of double column text.
6. Save the document in a file with a name Text6.

Fig. 4.6

Procedure of performance of task 7

1. Open earlier created file Text4.doc in which the text with fragments of the
indexed and marked lists (see fig. 4.4) is stored, by using a command the File to
Open.
2. Allocate the selected fragment in two columns. For this purpose:
 Select all fragment of the marked text;
 Execute a command the Format, Columns;

57
 Figure 54.
 In "the Column" dialog box set parameters:
Type: two
To set flags for the job of identical width of columns and for separator display
between columns
 Push the button <ОК>.

Figure 55.
3. Allocate the text in columns so that the marked two-level list could be in the
left column, and the single-level marked list - in right column. For this purpose bring
the cursor in the end of the text and push a key <Enter>. several times. To align text
layout in columns it is possible also by means of keys <Enter> and <Delete>.

58
 Figure 56.
4. Apply other type of layout of the text in two columns, for example On the
right. For this purpose use the sequence of operations in item 2. Remove a column
separator.

Figure 57.
5. Panels Standard push the button <¶> and find in the text a separator Section
break. Set the cursor after that separator and execute a command the Format,
Columns, specifying: an amount of columns – 1, remove a flag at a separator of
columns, apply till the end of the document.

59
 Figure 58.

Figure 59.
6. Save the document in a file with a name Text6.doc.

4.3 Presentation of information in tabular form

Documents Word often contain the data issued in the form of the table.
Normally tables are used for more convenient layout of the information of the
document.
The table (fig. 4.7) consists from columns and lines, on their intersection cells
are located. Table Word can contain a maximum 63 columns and the arbitrary
number of lines. Table cells have addresses, formed by a column name (A, B, C) and
row number (1, 2, 3...). Single line cells are designated from left to right, beginning

60
from column A. In cells of tables the information of the arbitrary type is allocated:
the text, numbers, a drawing, pictures, formulas.
A B C D E …

Fig. 4.7. The structure of a typical table

In the table on fig. of 4.7 cells of the first line have addresses: Al, B1... Cell
addresses of the second line: А2, В2, С2, D2... Cell addresses of the third line: A3,
ВЗ, СЗ, D3... Etc.
The height of lines of the table - arbitrary, can differ for different lines of table,
but single line cells have identical height. Width of cells of single line and even one
column - arbitrary, including identical. Originally specified at creation of the table the
number of lines and columns can be changed, adding new or deleting existing lines
and columns.
Word gives possibility of usage of tables of the arbitrary configuration, with
various number of lines, columns even at level of a separate line of the table. The
possible type of such table is shown on fig. 4.8.

Fig.4.8. Structure of Word table in arbitrary shape

Ways of table creation

There are some methods of creation of tables in the document which are inserted
at the place of the cursor.
1st method. The new table can be formed by command from main menu the Table,
to Add the table which opens a dialog box «a table Insertion» to set of dimensionality
of the table - numbers of lines and columns. After set of dimensionality of the created
table it is possible to carry out its autoformatting, by pushing the button
61
<Autoformat>. In window of «A table Autoformat» it is possible to select a format
which is displayed in a nearby window "Sample". Switches in the lower part of a
window allow you to make additional design for the selected standard type of the
table.
2-nd way. Using the <Add table> on the Standard toolbar determined the
structure of the new table - hold down the left mouse button is painted with the
desired number of columns and rows
3rd way. By selecting Insert, Object, tab to Create the object, you can paste an
Excel spreadsheet into a Word document, specifying the type of the object - a
Microsoft Excel Worksheet.
4-th way. Previously typed text can be converted in the table view by using the
command Table, Convert the table, with condition that the text is prepared with the
use of special characters - columns separator (tabulator, a paragraph, a space and
other).
Next cell <ТаЬ> Previous line <>
Previous cell <Shift>+<Tab> Last cell of column <Alt>+<PgDn>
Next Character <> First cell of column <Alt>+<PgUp>
Previous <> Last cell of line <Alt>+<End>
character
Next line <> First cell of line <Alt>+<Home>

Change of structure of the table

Change of structure of the table means change of number of lines and columns
of originally created table. Selection of the appropriate unit of cells should be made
before the performance of commands on change of structure of the table. The list of
the main actions on tables restructure is presented in the table resulted below.

62
№ Action Action content

1 To Select all table 1. Put the cursor in any cell of table

2. Execute a command the Table, to Select the table.
2 To Select a line Put the mouse pointer on a left margin of page and
push the left mouse button.
3 To Select a column Put the mouse pointer on upper border a column
before appearance of a small black arrow and click the
left mouse button.
4 To Select a column Put the cursor in a cell and 3 times push the left mouse
button.
5 To Select the unit of cells Put the cursor on left upper (lower right) a cell, push
the left mouse button and, without releasing it, select
the rectangular unit of cells with driving to the right
and downwards (to the left and upwards).
6 To Remove selection Rearrange the cursor in the arbitrary place and push
the left mouse button.
7 To Interpose a column 1. Put the cursor in a place of an insertion of a column
into the table (on the first column shifted to the right).
2. Select this column with a command the Table, to
Select a column.
3. Execute a command the Table, to Add columns.
8 To Interpose a line into 1. Put the cursor in the table to a place of lines
the table interposing (for the first line shifted downwards).
2. Execute a command the Table, to Add a line.
9 To Add a line in the table 1. Put the cursor in the right lower cell of the table.
end 2. Push a key <ТаЬ> for appearance of a new line.
10 To Interpose the unit of
1. Put the cursor in a place of an insertion of the unit
cells of cells. 2. Select the unit of cells corresponding to a
configuration of an insertion.
3. Execute a command the Table, to Add cells.
4. Specify a direction of shift of remaining cells: to
shift to the right / downwards.
11 To Move columns in the 1. Put the cursor on empty space over the first selected
table column, there will be an arrow ¯, further push the left
mouse button and, without releasing it, drag the
cursor, painting over moved columns.
2. Release the mouse button.
3. Install the cursor in the selected area.
4. Push the left mouse button and, not releasing it,
move the cursor to a column, before which the
insertion of the selected columns becomes.
5. Release the mouse button.

63
 Alternative
1. Perform selection moved columns (the method
specified above).
2. Execute a command Editing, to Cut.
3. Put the cursor on a column, before the insertion is
fulfilled. 4. Execute a command Edit, to Interpose.
12 To Move a line in the 1. Put the cursor on free space to the left of the first
table selected line, push the left mouse button and, without
releasing it, drag the cursor, painting over lines that to
be moved.
2. Release the mouse button.
3. Put the cursor in the selected area.
4. Push the left mouse button and, not releasing it,
move the cursor by the line, before which the insertion
of the selected lines becomes.
5. Release the mouse button.
Alternative
1. Fulfill selection of moved lines (the method
specified above).
2. Execute a command Editing, to Cut.
3. Put the cursor for the line before which the insertion
is fulfilled.
4. Execute a command Editing, to Interpose.
13 To Unite table parts Delete by a key <Del> paragraph characters ¶ between
various parts of the table.
14 To Unite cells 1. Select the adjacent cells of single line.
2. Execute a command the Table, to Unite cells.
15 To Break the table 1. Put the cursor for the line before which rupture is
required. 2. Execute a command the Table, to Break
the table. .
16 To Break cells 1. Select the cells which are subject to a partition.
2. Execute a command the Table, to Break cells.
3. Specify number of columns.
17 To Delete the unit of 1. Select the unit of deleted cells.
cells 2. Execute a command the Table, to Delete cells.
3. Specify a direction of shift of remaining cells: to the
left / upwards.
4. It is possible to delete corresponding to the unit of
selected cells of a line or columns.
18 To Delete table columns 1. Select in the table deleted columns.
2. Execute a command the Table, to Delete columns.

19 To Delete lines of the 1. Select in the table deleted lines.

table 2. Execute a command the Table, to Delete a line.

64
 There are two methods for change of width and height of cells:
 Usage of a command the Table, Height and width of a cell;
 Mouse usage.
The command the Table, Height and width of a cell opens a dialog box
«Height and width of a cell» with two tabs the Line and the Column.
1 method. The tab sets the Line the sizes of height of lines. The height of a
line is underlined in the selected unit of measure which is set by a command
Service, Parameters on the tab the General.
The parameter the Indent at the left defines distance between a left margin of
page and left text edge in the selected lines of the table. Offset of cells of a line
concerning page edge is set by switches: on the left edge, on center, by a right
edge.
It is possible to forbid or resolve a table or text partition in line at passage
from page on page. For relocation on lines of the table and their adjustment
Buttons <Following> and <Previous> are used for relocation of table lines and
their adjustment.
The tab the Column adjusts column width for the selected cells or columns
and an interval between the data of various columns. The button <Autoselection>
auto changes column width taking into account contents of cells.
2nd method. The column width and height of lines also can be set, by moving
grid lines or dragging markers of a column and a line on horizontal and vertical
rulers at finding of the cursor in a cell. Thus, if any separate cell is selected,
column width changes concern only this cell; height change of line is spread to all
cells of a current line.

Table formatting
All commands of a mode the Format are work for contents of cells of the
table (acceptable different font design of the text inside the same cell, frame and
filling of selected cells or their content at the level of individual paragraphs,
change the character case, insert tabs paragraphs cells, the formatting of staff).
The table can be formatted automatically repeatedly by means of a command
the Table, the Autoformat.
The standard tabular format and additional configuration performs on
formatting the table. You can refuse used framing, font type and etc. by disabling
the corresponding switches. In addition, you can use special formats to the
individual part of the table (headers row, first column, the last line, the last of him
column, you can use special formats

Using formulas in the table

Word-processor Word allows to fulfill calculations, writing formula down in
separate cells of tables by a command the Table, Formulas. The formula is set as
expression in which can be used:
 Absolute cell references of the table as the list (divided by a point with
comma - А1; В5; Е10 etc.) or the unit (the beginning and the end of the unit
of cells - А1: F10);

65
  Keywords for the link to the unit of cells:
LEFT - the cells allocated in line more to the left of a cell with the formula;
RIGHT - the cells allocated in line more to the right of a cell with the
formula;
ABOVE - the cells allocated in a column above a cell with the formula;
BELOW - the cells allocated in a column below a cell with the formula;
 Constants - numbers, the text in double quotes;
 Signs on operations (+ - * / % ^ = <<=>> = <>);
Integrated functions of Word are resulted below.
Category Function Assignment

Statistical AVERAG Average calculation for cell range, for example:

E() =AVERAGE (A1:C20; B25; А30)

МАХ() Finding of the maximum value in the specified unit of

cells, for example: =МАХ(А1 :C20; B25; А30)
MIN() Finding of minimum value in the specified unit of
cells, for example:=MIN(A1:C20; B25; А30)
SUM() Finding of the total of numbers in the specified unit
of cells, for example: =SUM(A1:C20; B25; А30)
Mathemat PRODUC Product of numbers in the specified cell range, for
ical T() example: =PRODUCT(A1:C20; B25; А30)
ROUND( The Rounding off of value to the specified number
x,y) of signs, for example, to approximate to hundreds:
=ROUND(2345.45,-2)
Logical IF(x,y,z) Check of the given condition and assignment of value
to a cell: if the condition is true - value 1, differently -
value 2, for example: =IF (Е12> G12; value1;
value2)
AND(x,y) Calculates value 1 if true values of logical arguments
are set, differently - 0, for example: =AND (A4> 3;
B2 <3)
OR(x,y) Calculates value 1 if true values of any logical
argument are set, differently - 0, for example: =OR
(A2> 3; D3 <=4)

The main actions with formulas are resulted in the following table

№ Action The action content

1 Input and editing 1. Install the cursor in a cell for input of the formula
of formulas 2. Execute a command the Table, the Formula
3. Enter calculated expression, using names of
intrinsic functions - to Interpose function

66
 4. Set a format of number for result
5. Push the button <ОК> (there is a field in a cell)

2 Operation with Execute a command Service, Parameters, on the tab

fields in table the Type select the Codes of fields Alternative 1.
cells Push keys <Shift> <F9> at cursor setting in a cell 2.
Install the cursor in area of the formula and fulfill
formula adjustment
3 Field value 1. Select table
Update 2. Push a key <F9>

Links to cell addresses are not change automatically, they should be edited
manually at copying of formulas. For this purpose it is necessary to pass from a
mode of show of values to a mode of show of the codes of fields, by using any
method resulted below:
 Repeatedly to execute a command the Table, the Formula and perform
formula editing in a window "Formula";
 By means of a command Service, Parameters, the tab the Type, the switch
the Codes of fields;
 By means of a command the Codes/values of the fields, executable from the
context menu, which is caused when the cursor in the formulas field,
pressing the right mouse button.

Task 8. Creating of tables

Prepare the table of count of an amount of the students who have passed
examinations perfect good, well, fair, poor, and the students who was absent (fig.
4.9). For this purpose:
1. Create the new document.
2. Create the table of 9 columns and 14 lines.
3. Perform join of cells of the first line.
4. Set column width And (for lines 2-14) - 0,7 cm
5. Set column width In (for lines 2-14) - 2,75 cm
6. Set column width With (for lines 2-14) - 1,5 cm
7. Set column width D-I (for lines 2-14) - 1,75 cm,
8. Enter the text into table cells according fig. 4.10.
9. Shade total lines and columns for count of an amount of estimations.
10. Save the document in a file Table.doc.
A B C D E F G H I

1 Information on progress of students

2 Subject Group sat for an Perfect Good Fair Poor

exam Absent

67
3 Computer
science

4 1. 03ll1 22 8 6 4 3 1

5 2. 03ll2 20 7 6 5 1 1

6 3. 03ll3 21 9 4 4 2 2

7 4. 03ll4 19 5 6 4 2 2

8 Total 82 29 22 17 8 6

Fig. 4.9. Table of calculation of the number of assessments (file Table.doc)

Procedure of performance of task 8

1. Create the new document. For this purpose: execute a command the File, to
Create with approval of set by default the parameters of the document defined by
the switch the Document and type Normal in a dialog box.
2. Create the table of nine columns and eight lines. For this purpose:
 Execute a command the Table, to Add the table;
 In the appeared dialog box «a table Insertion» specify necessary number of
columns (9)
and lines (8).

Figure 60.
3. Perform join of cells of the first line. For this purpose:
 Put the cursor in the first cell of the first line, push the left mouse key and,
without

68
releasing, move the cursor until all line will not be selected (all further separation
of cells, columns and lines are produced in the same way);
 Push the right key of the mouse and from the appeared menu select a
command of Join of a cell.

Figure 61.
4. Select a column A for lines 2 - 8 and set column width 0,7 cm For this
purpose execute a command the Table, Height and width of a cell.

Figure 62.

69
 Figure 63.
5. Select a column B for lines 2 - 8 and set column width of 2,75 cm -
command the Table, Height and width of a cell.
6. Select a column C for lines 2 - 8 and set column width of 1,5 cm - command
the Table, Height and width of a cell.
7. Select columns D-I for lines 2 - 8 and set column width 1,75 - command the
Table, Height and width of a cell.
A B C D E F G H I

1 Information on progress of students

2 Subject Group Sat for Perfect Good Fair Poor Absent

an
exam

3 Computer
science

4 1. 03ll1

5 2. 03ll2

6 3. 03ll3

7 4. 03ll4

8 Total

70
 Fig.4.10. Source data for the table

Figure 64.
8. Enter the text into table cells according to fig. 4.10, with keeping
formatting. Thus use:
Font: a Times New Roman
Type size: 10 pt

Figure 65.
9. Shade total lines and columns for count of an amount of estimations:
 Enter a command the Format, Boundaries and filling;
 From a dialog box "Filling" select the shades corresponding to initial on fig
4.10.

71
 Figure 66.
10. Save a file, performing following actions:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 Set following parameters in the appeared dialog box «document Saving»:
Type: document Word
Folder: open the list and select a personal folder on a working disk
File name: type in the given window Table.doc
11. Close a file (document), executing a command the File, to Close.

Task 9. Calculations by the formulas in the table

Perform calculations under formulas in the table resulted on fig. 4.9:
 Numbers of students of each educational group passing examination in

72
 certain
discipline;
 Total number of the students who have passed examination in each
discipline perfect,
good, fair etc.;
 Amounts of all students passing examination in certain discipline;
 Numbers of the students passing examinations.
At performance of this job it is recommended to adhere following
consequence of actions:
1. Open a file Table.doc.
2. Create the formula for the calculations of number of students of each
educational group passing examination in certain discipline.
3. Copy the formula in other cells of the table.
4. Produce update (calculation) of values in the copied formulas.
5. Create the formula to calculate the total number of students those who
passed the exam on each discipline in perfect, good, fair, etc mark.
6. Enter the formula for summation of all students those who passed the exam
on certain discipline.
7. Save a file Table.doc.

Procedure of performance of Task 9

1. By means of a command the File, to Open, Open a file Table.doc in which
document represented on fig. 4.10 is stored.
2. Enter formulas for the calculations of number of students of each
educational group passing examination in certain discipline. For this purpose:
 Put the cursor in cell D4 and execute a command the Table, the Formula;
 In a dialog box "Formula" type following expression: =SUM (RIGHT);

Figure 67.

73
3. Copy the formula from cell D4 in cells D5 - D7. For this purpose:
 Select value of the formula in cell D4, push the right mouse button and from
the shortcut menu select a command to Copy;
 Sequentially putting the cursor in each cell of unit D5 - D7, interpose the
formula, using from the shortcut menu a command to Interpose;
 After formula copying in each cell there will be a same number.

Figure 68.
4. Produce update (calculation) of values in the copied formulas. For this
purpose in each cell:
 Put the cursor in a cell where the formula has been copied;
 Cause the shortcut menu and select a command to Update a field;
 Change values in some cells where the amount of the received estimations
is entered, and then update values in appropriate cells of the column of ‘Sat
for an exam’, for the best mastering of procedure of update;

74
 Figure 69.
5. Enter the formula to calculate the total number of students, those who
passed the exam for each discipline in perfect, good, well etc. For this purpose, in
cells Е8 - I8 by analogy to item 2 enter the formula: =SUM (ABOVE);

Figure 70.
6. Enter the formula for summation of all students, those who passed the exam
on the discipline. For this purpose put the cursor in cell D8 and under the circuit
reflected in item 2, enter the formula: =SUM (RIGHT);

75
 Figure 71.
7. Save a file Table.doc a command the File, to Save.

4.4 Creation of the composite (integrated) documents

It’s quite often there is a necessity to interpose a fragment into the document
from another one created in different software environments. This fragment can
have other data type compare to the document into which it has to be interposed.
For example, in the text created in text editor WordPad, it is necessary to
include the raster picture of type BMP created in graphics editor Paint, and also
the table, the data type in which is defined by tabular processor Excel, and so
forth. As a result, the new document is formed which is including the data of
different type, created in various applications. Such situation can arise and at
usage of one application. For example, creating vector pictures in application of
word-processor Word, you saved them in a file, assuming their further usage.
Further, in the same application, you input the text and interpose earlier created
pictures into proper places. As result – fragments of different data type - the text
and a picture, though created in one application.
The main thing in the considered examples is that the document though
consisting of the different data type, any way does not show it outwardly. It can be
printed, stored and any actions can be performed with it as with the normal
document created in one any environment and containing the same data. This type
of the document got the name of composite, or the integrated document.
The composite (integrated) document - the document in which the fragments
connected among themselves have different types and formed in different
applications or programs. At composite document creation often such terminology
is used:
 A source, or the server - application, from where the fragment insertion to
compound document is produced;

76
  The receiver, or the client (addressee) - application where there is a body of
the compound document and where objects from others application
(sources) are interposed.
Receiver Source 2

Тext processor Word Graphic editor Paint

Source 1
Text fragment 1
Electronic table
Excel A B C D

A B C D Source 2

Data base
SMDB Access
Text
selection
fragment Data base
2 selection

Fig 4.11. Compound document conception

Compound document creation with mouse using

Possibility of drag and drop of object by means of the mouse is provided in
many applications for acceleration of process of a data interchange between
applications, thus either copying operation, or operation of drag and drop
(relocation) is provided. The object should be selected before. A such a way is
recommended to use at small distance between a source and the receiver. It’s
rational to allocate applications windows near to each other.
Relocation (drag and drop) of object is carried out on the following
technology:
 The object is selected, i.e. the mouse pointer is set on this object, and left
click is
performed. If it is a text fragment it is necessary to drag the mouse on it at the
pushed left button;
 The selected object is dragged to assignment place at the pushed left mouse
button.
Copying is carried out similarly to relocation procedure at simultaneously
pushed key <Ctrl>. Thus it is necessary to perform the following sequence of keys
releasing - at first the mouse button, and then a key <Ctrl>. A mouse pointer will
be accompanied by plus sign on the screen at copying.
In Windows environment direction key pushing is considered at the moment
of mouse button release. Therefore it is possible to drag at first object, without
releasing the mouse button, to estimate a situation, and then if needed to push
<Ctrl>, <Shift> or any other key pattern of offset.

Create a composite document via the clipboard command edit, Paste

The technology of a data interchange through a clipboard by a command Edit,
Paste demands performance of the following sequence of actions:
 To select the object which is subject to copying, relocation or removal;

77
  To transfer the selected object to a clipboard by means of a command to
Copy Or cut
from the shortcut menu or from the controlling menu Edit;
 To put the cursor in a new place of an insertion of object;
 To paste object by a command Edit, Paste.
The similar sequence of operations of technology of an exchange through the
buffer can be implemented, using not menu commands, but toolbar buttons. At
data exchange through a clipboard their editing is performed by means of
application-source built in application-receiver.

Create a composite document via the clipboard by OLE technology

The basic purpose of technology OLE is a creation of communication
between various Windows objects. Technology OLE is developed by firm of
Microsoft and defined by rules (protocol) of interaction of Windows applications.
The modern applications of operational systems Windows 95 (98) lean against the
specification of version OLE 2.0.
Abbreviation OLE means Object Linking and Embedding and translates as
"binding and object implementation".
Technology OLE is supported completely not by all Windows applications,
but only where it is expedient to create compound documents with objects from
others application. Some applications can be used only as the receiver, others -
only as a source, there are applications which can appear both in that, and in other
role.
For example, text editor WordPad completely ensures functioning on OLE
technology as it is intended for creation of the text document in which there can be
pictures, sounds, tables, video clips and so forth. Graphics editor Paint cannot
performs on technology OLE and is used only as a source of documents. Word-
processor Word organizes some servers: for example, one - for text information,
another - for pictures, the third - for formulas.
Technology OLE provides to the user a possibility to edit object pasted in the
compound document with means which are given by application-source (where
this object has been created). The OLE-object always saves communication with
application-. A source (it is activated by double click), but the interposed data can
and not to be connected to the document-source.
Technology OLE provides two variants of a data interchange:
 Object implementation at which the object double forms and interposed into
the document-receiver. In this case communication of the interposed object
with application-source will be organized, communication with the
document-source is lost;
 Object binding at which the object remains in the document-source, and
only the link (pointer) is available to it in the document-receiver. In this
case communication of the interposed object not only with application-
source, but also with a file-sourse where the document with this object is
stored will be organized. Any changes in this object will be reflected in the
document-receiver.

78
 At object implementation there is a double of object which is interposed in the
compound document and thus, the connection with the initial document is lost.
Communication with an application-source is saved. To implement object in the
document it is possible in several ways:
 From the open document a command Edit, Custom insert;
 From a file by a command the Paste, the File;
 From a collection of objects by a command Paste, Object;
 To create new embedded object by a command the Paste, Object, etc.
The technology of object implementation from the opened document is
consist of the following:
 In application-source the object which will be implemented is selected;
 The selected object is copied in a clipboard by means of a command
Copying of the context or controlling menu Edit;
 Passage to application-receiver is performed where composite document is
formed, and the cursor is set in a place of an insertion of object from the
buffer;
 The command Edit, Custom insert is entered;
 On the screen there is a dialog box "Custom insert", in which it is necessary
to select the button to <Paste, select a format of interposed object, to specify
a method of an insertion of object (in a normal type or in the form of a tag)
and to push the button <ОК>;
 In the specified place there will be an embedded object from application-
source.
The technology of implementation of a contained file consists in the
following:
 To specify in the compound document an implementation place;
 To enter a command the Insertion, the File;
 In a dialog box «a file Insertion» to set necessary parameters and to select a
file name;
 A flag: Communication with a file not set, is for file contents can be
implemented;
 To push the button <ОК>.
For other applications the technology will be similar, difference will consist
in special titles of commands.
The technology of implementation of new object consists in the following:
 To specify an implementation place in the compound document;
 To enter a command the Insertion, Object;
 From a dialog box «an object Insertion» to select type of implemented
object, i.e. application-source;
 A flag: Communication with a file not to set is for the object can be
implemented;
 To push the button <ОК>;
 There is an application-source from which you select or create new object.
The object implemented on technology OLE is possible to edit by application-
source means with following methods:
79
  To cause the shortcut menu and to select appropriate toolkit of editing;
 Twice click the left mouse button on embedded object. For technology of
implementation of objects the following is characteristic:
 The embedded object entirely registers in the compound document and if is
a double of the existing document, demands the additional space of disk
storage;
 The embedded object can be edited in application-receiver, using for this
purpose application-source toolkit.
At binding of object difference from technology of implementation will be
only at editing. When viewing a compound document linked object does not differ
from the embedded. The linked object always is in the document-source, but the
link (occurrence instructions) to a file with this document is stored in the
compound document-receiver. Though outwardly it is not noticeable, the
appearance of object remains same as it would be implemented or interposed
through a clipboard.
Thus, the linked object is stored only in one copy in a document-source. Any
corrections of object led in the document-source, will mandatory be reflected in its
display in the compound document. The converse is incorrect. When you open the
master document, you need to make sure that the drive was attended by all the
files that store objects associated with it.
It is rational to use the technology of object binding in following cases:
 The object is interposed in some different documents, and any changes of
this object are necessary for reflecting immediately in these documents;
 The compound document should be processed separately from the objects
connected to it, for example at imposition;
 For saving of disk space. Creation of linked objects in the compound
document is possible with two methods:
 From the open document when it is necessary to implement in the
compound document only a certain fragment from the document-source;
 From a file when the document containing in it should be completely
included to the compound document. It is necessary to save in a file the
object or the document where it is beforehand for object binding.
The technology of object binding from the opened document is consist in the
following:
 The object which will communicate is selected in application-source;
 Copying of the selected object to a clipboard by means of a command of
Copying of the context or main menu Edit;
 Passage to application-receiver where the compound document is formed,
and cursor set to insertion place of object from the buffer;
 Input of a command Edit, Custom insert;
 On the screen there is a dialog box "Custom insert", in which it is necessary
to select the button to <Connect, specify a method of an insertion of object
(from a normal type or in the form of a tag) and to push the button <ОК>;
 The linked object will be interposed into the specified place from
application-source.
80
The technology of binding with a file consists in the following:
 To specify an implementation place in the compound document;
 To enter a command the Insertion, the File; in a dialog box «a file
Insertion» to set necessary parameters and to select a file name where the
object is stored;
 To set a flag Connection with a file;
 To push the button <ОК>.
Linked object editing is performed by document-source opening, where it was
is taken. It can be carried out by one of two methods. The first way is an opening
of the document immediately from a file where it is. The second way -opening of
the document-source from the compound document where the linked object is
located. It can be carried out or by means of the shortcut menu, or mouse button
double click on this object.
As linked objects are stored separately from the compound document in their
document-sources, it is important to have information on their communications.
To view, update and change communications of the compound document with any
objects connected to is possible in a dialog box of "Communication" which is
caused by a command Edit, Communications.
This dialog box contains the information on communications of the given object in
a type of characteristics:
 The specification (way) of a file;
 Type or an object format;
 A mode of update of object in the compound document - automatic or
manual (on demand).
At automatic update linked object in the compound document change at once
as soon as its correction in the document-source is produced. At manual updata the
explicit instructions are necessary from the user.

Task 10. Development of the technology for OLE object linking and
embedding in a Word document
Use earlier created file Тext3.doc in which the invitation text (see fig. 4.3) is
stored, and perform following actions in it:
1. Create the new document.
2. Save a file, appropriating a name Integration to it.
3. Open a file the Text 3.doc.
4. Copy in a clipboard the text of document Теxt3.doc.
5. Interpose embedded object (the text of the document Tekst3) in its full
image and in the form of a tag into the document.
6. Edit the object (text) implemented in the form of a tag.
7. Compare the initial text with edited in embedded object.
8. Interpose into linked object (the document text Текст3.doc) in its full image
and in the form of a tag into the document.
9. Set the parameter providing conversion of the bound document.
10. Set automatic update of communications.
11. Edit origin object (the document Текст3.doc).

81
12. Close the document Integration.
13. Repeatedly open the document Integration.
14. Compare a state of the document Integration to the document Тext3.doc.

Procedure of performance of task 10

1. Create the new document. For this purpose:
 Execute a command the File, to Create with acknowledgement in a dialog
box with set by default parameters of the document, defined by the switch
the Document and type Normal;
 Enter the text: Learning of technology of creation of the integrated
document.

Figure 72.
2. Save a file, performing following actions:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 In the appeared dialog box «document Saving» set following parameters:
Type: document Word
Folder: open the list and select the name necessary to you
File name: Integration.doc (type in the given window)
 Push the button <ОК>.

82
 Figure 73.
3. Open a file Теxt3.doc with earlier saved document (fig. 4.3 see), by a
command the File, to Open.

Figure 74.
4. Copy the text of document Теxt3.doc (a command Editing, Copy or any
other method) to a clipboard.
5. Interpose embedded object into the document, using different formats. For
this purpose:
 Pass to a document window of Integration.doc by means of a command the
Window;
 Put the cursor to a place of an insertion of implemented object (text) and
enter any title reflecting given technology (for example, Technology 1);

83
 Figure 75.
 Execute a command Editing, Custom insert for an embedded object
insertion;
 Set the switch to Interpose communication;
 Select a format the Text from format RTF and push the button <ОК>;

Figure 76.
 Set the cursor in other place and interpose the text once again on the same
way using a clipboard, but from a dialog box "Custom insert" select a
format Microsoft Word Document. (Object), cancel a flag Over the text and
set a flag In the form of a tag. Push the button <ОК>.
6. Edit the second copy of embedded object:
 To see the text, two times click a mouse on a tag <Microsoft Word

84
 Document>;
 Put the cursor in object, delete from the text two last lines and select any
fragment with other font;
 Return to the document Integration.doc after end of editing of object by
means of a command the File, to Close and return;
 Set the mouse pointer on a tag in the document Integration.doc and click at
first the left mouse button, and then right. From the appeared menu select a
command Object the document, to Transform. In a dialog box remove flag
In the form of a tag and set a flag Over the text. Push the button <ОК>.

Figure 77.
7. By means of a command the Window pass in a document window
Тext3.doc and compare its contents to result of editing of object in the document

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Integration.doc.

Figure 78.
8. Interpose into the document linked object, using different formats. For this
purpose:
 Pass to a document window by means of a command the Window;
 Set the cursor to a place of an insertion of linked object (text) and enter any
title reflecting given technology (for example, Technology 2);
 Interpose linked object a command Editing, Custom insert;
 Set the switch to Interpose communication;
 Select a format the Text from format RTF and push the button <ОК>;
 Set the cursor in other place and interpose the text once again on the same
way from a buffer exchange, but using a dialog box "Custom insert" select a
format Microsoft Word Document. (Object), set the switch Paste
connection, cancel a flag Over the text and set a flag In a form of a tag.
Push the button <ОК>.
9. In the document set the mouse pointer on a tag and click at left mouse
button, and then right. From the appeared menu select a command Connected
object, the Document, to Transform. In a dialog box remove a flag In the form of a
tag and set a flag Over the text. Push the button <ОК>.
10. Set automatic update of communications. For this purpose in the document
of Integration.doc:
 Execute a command Editing, Connections. Select a line with names of files
of linked objects in the "Connection" dialog box;
 Set update type Automatic;
 Push the button <ОК>;
 Save changes in a file of Integration.doc a command the File, to Save.
11. Edit origin object (document) Text3.doc. For this purpose:
 Set the cursor after the address "http://medic.stup.ac.ru" and interpose
current date
by means of a command the Insertion, Date and time;
 Change in the text fonts and other formats;
 Save changes by a command the File, to Save.

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12. Close the document of Integration.doc by a command the File, to Close.
13. Repeatedly open the document of Integration.doc by a command the File, to
Open.
14. Compare a state of the document of Integration.doc with previous and to the
document Text3.doc.

4.5 Creating and editing of graphic images

A various type of the graphic is often used in compound documents of Word
 Clips - pictures from a collection created by software manufacturers;
 The graphic objects stored in files and created by specialized tools of
machine graphics;
 The graphic objects created by means of a toolbar Drawing Word which
appears on the screen after button clicks <Drawing> on panel Standard.

Inserting of a graphic clips

Access to Microsoft clip gallery is carried out by Microsoft application
Clipart (Clip Gallery), a part Microsoft Office 97 and supporting not only pictures,
but also sounds, and video. Microsoft Clipart is intended not only for print
preview of clips and their insertion in the document, but also for control by them:
extensions of gallery of clips, creations of clips samples on subjects, etc.
The input in Microsoft Clipart is carried out by commands the Paste, the
Picture, Pictures or Paste, New object. To insert a picture clip you need to tab
Graphics or Pictures to choose from the collection of the desired image then press
the <Insert>.
The Graphic tab contains vector objects (images) of various types. The vector
picture consists of certain set of graphic primitives (the elementary objects):
circles, the rectangles shorted and not closed curves. Each primitive is
characterized in the thickness and color of a line and if the primitive is
characterized in the thickness and color of lines and if the primitive covers some
area the filling color of this area is set. The vector picture is formed by
consequenced superimposing of one primitive on another so the uppermost
primitive closes some parts in the bottom of lying primitives. Thus, the vector
picture has the multilayer structure, and its general view depends in what order
there are layers. Picture layers can be formed not only by the separate primitives,
but also by their groups. In groups primitives also go on layers. These objects
form in such programs, as Microsoft Draw, the editor of pictures Word and so
forth The clip gallery of the tab of the Graphic can contain files of pictures of
formats.cgm.wmf.cdr.eps.drw.wpg.
On the Picture tab raster objects (images) contain. The raster graphic object is
formed as a matrix of the elementary elements - pixels. Each pixel is colored in
certain color, and all set of pixels creates the integral image. Bitmap images are
characterized by such parameters, as granularity (the value of pixels expressed as
an amount of pixels per inch), a color model (an amount of colors of pixels and a
method of their formation). The origin of a raster picture can be the most various,
including as a result of digitization of photos, by means of such programs, as

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Microsoft Paint, or by image scanning. The clip gallery of the tab of the Picture
can contain files of pictures of formats.bmp.tif.gif, jpg.pcd.pcx.
The button <clip Parameters> serves for obtaining of information on a format
of a file for the selected image. The button <to Import clips> serves for including
new clips into collection. The button to <Change> serves for adding, rename or
removals of section with clips on this tab.

Import of graphic objects from files

The insertion of graphic objects from files is performed by OLE:
 Implementation of graphic objects;
 Communication with a graphic object (file). Import of graphical
representations is performed in two ways:
 In the form of the whole graphic file;
 In the form of a part of the graphical representation saved as a fragment in
other file.
For an insertion of a graphic file the command the Paste, the Picture, From a
file is used. In a dialog box «to Add a file» the format (type) of a graphic file, a
folder, a file name is selected.
For binding the switch is underlined to Connect to a graphic file with a file
that allows to update automatically graphical representation at changes in a file-
source.
For communication update the command Editing, Communications is performed.
Editing of pictures is carried out after its selection by a command Editing, Object
a picture or double click by the left mouse button in a picture. The window
"Picture" which contains tools of graphic editing opens.
Pictures of vector type admit point-by-point editing, for this purpose a certain
pattern elements are underlined by pushing of the left mouse button and fulfills
their graphic adjustment (color, a line, the size, a location). Adding of new graphic
elements, shift of all picture for originally given circuit, changes of the sizes of a
circuit is possible.
The main actions with graphic objects are described In the table resulted below.
Action The action Content

Picture 1. Install the cursor in a picture

selection 2. Click the left mouse button

Selection of 1. Pass in an editing mode of a picture

pattern 2. Install the cursor on a pattern element 3. Push the left
elements mouse button

To interpose a 1. Install the cursor in a place of an insertion of a picture

picture as 2. Execute a command the Insertion, the Picture, From a
embedded file
3. Specify a folder, a file name, type
object from a
4. The button <ОК>

88
file

Insertion of a 1. Install the cursor in a place of an insertion of a picture

picture from a 2. Execute a command the Insertion, the Picture
file with 3. Specify a folder, a file name, type
4. Select the switch Communication with a file
communication
5. Select the switch to Store in the document (if it is
required)
6. The button <ОК>
Grouping of 1. Select a pattern element
image elements 2. Push a key <Shifl> and, without releasing it, fulfill
selection of following pattern elements
3. Push the button <Actions>
4. Execute a command to Group
Alternative
1. Push the button with a white arrow <the Choice of
objects> and outline a dotted circuit all objects subject to
grouping
2. Push the button <Actions>
3. Execute a command to Group
Superimposing 1. Select a pattern element (or their group)
of image 2. Move an element to a proper place
elements 3. Push the button <Actions>
4. Execute a command the Order and select the necessary
parameter of superimposing of object
Operation with 1. Select a pattern element (or their group)
image elements 2. Execute a command Editing, to Copy (or Editing, to
or groups of Interpose, Editing to Delete)
elements
Picture 1. Select a picture
relocation 2. Install the cursor on picture boundary, push the left
mouse button and, without releasing it, drag a picture in
other place Alternative execute commands Editing, to Cut
and Editing, to Interpose

Creation of graphical objects using the Drawing toolbar

Graphic objects in Word can be created and edited, using tools of the panel
Drawing. The vector image, consisting from the elementary graphic figures will
be as a result created: squares, rectangles, polygons, lines, circles, ellipses and so
forth
At setting of the pointer of the mouse on the tool of the panel Drawing is
deduced a button label - the paint tool.

89
 Buttons of geometrical figures: a line, a square or a rectangle, a circle or an
ellipse, the curvilinear closed plane figure, frames of the text (inscription), a set of
of AutoShapes provide creation of a basis of a geometrical picture.
Buttons of color design and line style provide formatting of a picture element.
The drawn object has the multilayer structure, separate pattern elements can
be allocated by special way concerning other objects. The button <Actions> which
causes the menu with commands for operation with graphic objects controls this
mode:
To group to (Regroup) - for grouping of all selected graphic objects in one
object. These commands should be entered after, pushing the button with an arrow
<the Choice of objects>, you select all group;
To regroup - regroup the selected graphic object by contents;
The order - layout of a graphic object concerning the text (before the text, behind
the text) or a relative positioning of graphic objects (in the foreground, on a
background to allocate forward to move back);
Grid - step setup offset graphic object horizontally and vertically, which may
be free or discrete nodes of the grid;
Picture shift upwards, downwards, to the left, to the right;
To align - coordination of selected objects relative to each other or printed
page;
To turn/reflect - changing the orientation of the graphical object: rotate,
rotation, mirroring;
To change an AutoShape - changeover by other type of an AutoShape.
Operations of editing of pictures (copying, relocation, removal, etc.) can be
fulfilled both over one, and over group of drawn objects.

Task 11. Create a document that uses graphical objects

Master technology of creation of documents in which graphic objects are
used:
 Standard pictures;
 Graphic objects from collection WordArt;
 Graphic objects from the AutoShape collection.
Issue fragments of the text stored in a file Text2.doc how it is shown on fig.
4.12, adhering to the following sequence of actions:
1. Open the document Text2.
2. Interpose new page and cause on the screen the panel Drawing.
3. Interpose a picture which will serve as a background for the invitation text.
4. Transfer a picture on the second page.
5. Issue text fragments as the curly text by means of tools WordArt.
6. Group all graphic objects.
7. Interpose a figure from a collection of the AutoShape of the panel
Drawing.
8. Turn a graphic object on 180 degrees.
9. Save the document in a file Graphics1.

90
Fig. 4.12. The text made using the tools collection WordArt and a set of standard
drawings

Procedure of performance of task 11

1. Open the document Text2.doc a command the File to Open.
2. Do a spadework:
 Execute a command the Insertion, Rupture and click by the button <New
page>. There
will be a new page on which you will produce further text design. The same can
be fulfilled, pushing simultaneously two keys <Ctrl> and <Enter>;

Figure 79.
3. Interpose a picture which will serve as a background for the invitation text:
 Execute a command the Insertion, the Picture, Pictures;

91
  On the Graphic tab select group, and then select the most suitable picture,
and push the button to <Interpose>.

Figure 80.
4. Transfer a picture on the second page. For this purpose:
 Click the mouse on a picture;
 Execute a shortcut menu command to Cut;
 Set the cursor on the beginning of the second page and execute a command
of the context menu to Interpose;
 Allocate a picture on page how you consider it necessary.
For picture drag and drop it is necessary to set in it the mouse pointer, to push
the left button and, retaining it, to begin drag and drop. For change of the sizes of
a picture it is necessary to bring the mouse pointer to a marker so that there was a
double-sided black arrow, then to push left button and, retaining it, to change the
sizes.
5. Issue text fragments, using possibilities of tool WordArt which creates the
curly text. For this purpose:
 Select a fragment Dear sirs!;
 Execute a command the Insertion, the Picture, WordArt;
 From a window «Collection WordArt» select the necessary style and push
the button <ОК>;

92
 Figure 81.
 In a window «Change of text WordArt» set type size, for example 20 pt,
and its outline (for example, semibold) and push the button <ОК>;
 Transfer the appeared curly text on a picture, by command the shortcut
menu or drag and drop by the mouse;

Figure 82.
 Increase the curly text, using working methods with graphic object markers
(item 4 see);

93
 Figure 83.
 Do similar operations with other fragments of the text according to fig.
2.40.
If the text occupies some lines in a dialog box «Change of text WordArt» it is
rational to break it into some paragraphs, by a key <Enter> in the end of every
line.

Figure 84.
6. Group all graphic objects. For this purpose:
 Panels Drawing push the button with a white arrow which is allocated near
to <the Action> button. This button will be selected with illumination;

94
 Figure 85.
 Click the mouse in any edge of page where the curly text and a picture is
allocated;
 Expand the frame so that it covered all plane where graphic objects are
allocated.
There will be markers on all graphic objects if all is made correctly;
 Panels Drawing push the button <Actions> and select parameter of
Grouping;
 Push the button with a white arrow, button illumination disappears.
To lead new editing of all bunched graphic object, it is necessary to group it at
first. For this purpose:
 Click the mouse on a graphic object surface;
 Push the button <Actions> and select parameter to Group.

95
 Figure 86.
7. Learn to use tools of a collection of the AutoShape from the panel Drawing.
For this purpose:
 Install the cursor, clicking the mouse, to the left of an inscription Our
address in Internet;
 Push the button <AutoShapes> at Panels Drawing, select parameter of
Figure of an arrow and an appropriate arrow (see fig. 4.12);

Figure 87.
 Set the necessary sizes of an arrow by changing markers;
 Copy an arrow. For this purpose select an arrow, push and hold a key
<Ctrl>, retaining pushed the mouse button, drag an arrow and set it to the
right of an inscription with the address. Release a key <Ctrl>;

96
8. Turn a graphic object on 180 degrees. For this purpose:
 Select an arrow;
 Panels Drawing push the button <Actions>, select parameter Rotate/reflect
and parameter to Reflect from left to right.

Figure 88.
9. Save a file:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 In the appeared window set the personal directory on a working disk and
enter a name of a file Graphics1;
 Push the button to <Save>.

Task 12. Creation of schemes

97
 Learn to draw circuits, using standard graphic objects of panel Drawing: the
Line, the Arrow, the Rectangle, the Oval, the Inscription.
Master this technology in the course of creation of the circuit represented on
fig. 4.13, according to the following sequence of actions:

Program software classification

Program software

System Application

Fig. 4.13. The scheme made using standard graphical objects panel Drawing
1. Create the new document.
2. Open a toolbar Drawing.
3. Draw a rectangle of top level of the circuit (see fig. 4.13) and enter the text
into it.
4. On similar technology draw remaining rectangles of the circuit.
5. Draw arrows which are connect rectangles.
6. Perform formatting in the circuit of rectangles with inscriptions.
7. Perform formatting of an Arrow graphic object.
8. Group all graphic objects.
9. Issue a title of the circuit by means of the AutoShape graphic object.
10. Group all graphic objects.
11. Save the document in a file Graphics2.
12. Close a file.

Procedure of performance of task 12

1. Create the new document. For this purpose run a command the File, to
Create with acknowledgement in a dialog box of the parameters of the document
which set by default, defined by the switch the Document and type Normal.
2. Cause a toolbar Drawing, clicking by the button <Picture> of panel
Drawing which is normally allocated in the lower part of the screen.

98
 Figure 89.
3. Draw a rectangle of top level of the circuit (fig. 4.13) and enter the text into
it. For this purpose:
 Push the button <Inscription> panels Drawing,
 The mouse pointer changed the image to a cross;
 Bring the mouse pointer on the circuit beginning, push the left button and,
retaining it, draw a rectangle;

Figure 90.
 Enter the text into a rectangle;

99
 Figure 91.
 Center the text, beforehand it selecting.
Change sizes if the text is not completely reflected in a rectangle. For this
purpose it is necessary to click on a rectangle, to set pointer on one of markers
and, retaining pushed the mouse button, to increase the size of object.
4. Draw the remaining graphic objects resulted on fig 4.13 similarly to
described procedure of drawing of a rectangle with the text in item 3
5. Draw arrows, using same method:
 Push the button <Marksman> panels Drawing;
 Set the pointer of the mouse in the form of a cross to the place of the arrow
beginningin the circuit, push the left mouse button and, retaining its pushed, drag a
line up to the end.
6. Perform formatting of rectangles with inscriptions, using identical
technology:
 Select each rectangle (to bring the mouse pointer to a line and click the left
button);
 Cause the shortcut menu and select a command an inscription Format;
 In a window «an inscription Format» Set parameters on some tabs, for
example on the tab the Flow - parameter On a circuit, on the tab of Colour
and lines the parameters defining type of filling and type of a line.
7. Similarly lead formatting of an Arrow graphic object.
8. Group all graphic objects:
 Panels Drawing push the button with a white arrow which is allocated near
to <the Action> button. This button will be selected with illumination;
 Click the mouse in any to a corner of edge of the circuit;
 Expand the frame so that it covers all plane where graphic objects are
allocated. There will be markers on all graphic objects if all is made
correctly;

100
  Panels Drawing push the button <Actions> and select parameter of
Grouping;
 Push the button with a white arrow, button illumination disappears.
9. Issue a title of the circuit by means of the AutoShape graphic object. For
this purpose:
 Panels Drawing push the button <AutoShapes>, select parameter of Star
and a tape and appropriate type of a tape (see fig. 4.13);
 Changing markers, set the necessary sizes of a tape;
 Push the button <Inscription> panels Drawing; also place a rectangle on the
tape middle;
 Enter a title of the scheme ‘Program software classification’ into a
rectangle, center its button <On center> panels Formatting, choose type size
and an outline;
 Remove the frame of the rectangle, setting a context menu command
Format inscription on the Colors and lines tab, selecting No, the parameter
no line.
10. Group all graphic objects, using the same method described in item 8.

Figure 92.
11. Save a file:
 Execute a command the File, to Save as;
 Set the personal directory on a working disk and enter a name of a file
Graphics2 in the
appeared window;
 Push the button to <Save>.
12. Close a file by a command the File, to Close with saving acknowledgement.

101