Scribd
Upload
5 views

lec11_Higher_Order_Functions

Uploaded by

xuweizheng45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

lec11_Higher_Order_Functions

Uploaded by

xuweizheng45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

Fish or Fish?

The Old Proverbs Say


• ‘Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day.
Teach a man how to fish and you feed him for
a lifetime.’
• Chinese:
– 授人以鱼不如授人以渔 A method

An object
Mr. X
‘fish’

A variable x = …

A function that
produce ‘fish’

Mr. X
A variable x = A function
return ‘fish’

Mr. X
Higher Order Functions
Remember how we define a function?

• But we can actually write something like this:


Remember how we define a function?
• Almost the same except
– Outside the function distance, you cannot use the
function square
– Just like local variables
Remember how we define a function?

Global
Function

• But we can actually write like this:

Local
Function
Treat a Function like a Variable
“Callability”
• Normal variables are NOT callable

• A function is callable
Assignments
• Normal variables can store values

• Can a variable store a function?!

• Can!!!!!!
Assignments
• The function f is stored in the variable x
– So x is a function, same as f
See the difference

With ‘()’ Without ‘()’

values

types
Functions can be stored in variables

Equivalent
to cos(0)

The type is
“function”

• Can even store functions into a list, tuple, etc.

Equivalent to
len([1,2,3])
Function Composition
• In math, we can do something like
log(sin ( )

Equivalent to
Mix and Match
A function
A variable
(can be a
function
too!)

Equivalent to
Mr. X
The Evil Lambda
The Big Evil Boss “lambda”

Equivalent!!!

• difference:
– lambda does not need a ‘return’
The “Powerful” Lambda
• Apparently nothing new

• But useful if you want to return a function as a


result in a function
The “Powerful” Lambda
• Apparently nothing new
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative
• We know that, given a function f, the
derivative of f is
*+(() + ( + ∆( − +(()
= lim
*( ∆"→$ ∆(

• But, if we have very small number dx


*+(() + ( + *( − +(()
≈
*( *(
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative
• We know that, given a function f, the
derivative of f is
*+(() + ( + ∆( − +(()
= lim
*( ∆"→$ ∆(

% &'( "
• = cos (
%"
% (" ! *+",-)
• = 3( / + 3
%"
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative
• We know that, given a function f, the
derivative of f is
*+(() + ( + ∆( − +(()
= lim
*( ∆"→$ ∆(

% &'( "
• Derivatives
cos (
%"
% (" ! *+",-)
• Derivatives
3( / + 3
%"
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative
• We know that, given a function f, the
derivative of f is
*+(() + ( + ∆( − +(()
Take in a function,
= lim returning another
*( ∆"→$ ∆( function

• But, if we have very small number dx


*+(() + ( + *( − +(()
≈
*( *(
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative
• We know that, given a function f, the
derivative of f is
*+(() + ( + ∆( − +(()
= lim
*( ∆"→$ ∆(

• But, if we have very small number dx


*+(() + ( + *( − +(()
≈
*( *(
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative

Take in a function,
returning another
function
Agar Agar (Anyhow) Derivative

% &'( " Derivatives


• cos (
%"
% (" ! *+",-)
• Derivatives
3( / + 3
%"
Example: Newton’s method
• To compute root of function g(x), i.e. find x
such that g(x) = 0

1. Anyhow assume the answer x = something


2. If g(x) ≈ 0 then stop: answer is x, return x
3. Otherwise
• x = x – g(x)/deriv(x)
4. Go to step 2
Example: Newton’s method
• To compute root of function g(x), i.e. find x
such that g(x) = 0

1. Anyhow assume the answer x = something


2. If g(x) ≈ 0 then stop: answer is x, return x
3. Otherwise
• x = x – g(x)/deriv(x)
4. Go to step 2
Example: Newton’s method
• To compute the root of function g(x), i.e. find x
such that g(x) = 0
Example: Newton’s method
• Example: Square root of a number A
– It’s equivalent to solve the equation: ! ! − # = 0
Example: Newton’s method
• Example: Compute log10 (A)
– Solve the equation: 10" − # = 0

You might also like