Solution Manual for Problem Solving with C++ 10th

Edition Savitch download pdf

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-problem-solving-
with-c-10th-edition-savitch/

Visit testbankmall.com today to download the complete set of

test banks or solution manuals!
Here are some recommended products for you. Click the link to
download, or explore more at testbankmall.com

Solution Manual for Data Abstraction and Problem Solving

with C++: Walls and Mirrors 7th EditionCarrano

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-data-abstraction-
and-problem-solving-with-c-walls-and-mirrors-7th-editioncarrano/

Solution Manual for Data Abstraction & Problem Solving

with C++: Walls and Mirrors, 6/E, Frank M. Carrano Timothy
Henry
https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-data-abstraction-
problem-solving-with-c-walls-and-mirrors-6-e-frank-m-carrano-timothy-
henry/

Solution Manual for Data Abstraction & Problem Solving

with C++: Walls and Mirrors, 6/E 6th Edition Frank M.
Carrano, Timothy Henry
https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-data-abstraction-
problem-solving-with-c-walls-and-mirrors-6-e-6th-edition-frank-m-
carrano-timothy-henry/

Test Bank for Raus Respiratory Care Pharmacology, 9th

Edition Gardenhire

https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-raus-respiratory-care-
pharmacology-9th-edition-gardenhire/
Choices and Connections An Introduction to Communication
2nd Edition McCornack Solutions Manual

https://testbankmall.com/product/choices-and-connections-an-
introduction-to-communication-2nd-edition-mccornack-solutions-manual/

Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language,

and Hearing 5th by Seikel

https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-anatomy-physiology-for-
speech-language-and-hearing-5th-by-seikel/

Test Bank For Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the

Laboratory Sixth Edition

https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-cognitive-psychology-
in-and-out-of-the-laboratory-sixth-edition/

Test Bank for Landmarks in Humanities 4th Edition

https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-landmarks-in-
humanities-4th-edition/

Solution Manual for Computer Architecture 6th by Hennessy

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-computer-
architecture-6th-by-hennessy/
Solution Manual for New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel
2013, Brief, 1st Edition

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-new-perspectives-
on-microsoft-excel-2013-brief-1st-edition/
Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or any
other media embodiments now known or hereafter to become known, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Manufactured in the United States of America.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where these designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware
of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.

The programs and the applications presented in this book have been included for their
instructional value. They have been tested with care but are not guaranteed for any particular
purpose. The publisher does not offer any warranties or representations, nor does it accept any
liabilities with respect to the programs or applications.

Pearson Education Inc.

501 Boylston St., Suite 900
Boston, MA 02116
Contents
Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming

Chapter 2 C++ Basics

Chapter 3 More Flow of Control

Chapter 4 Procedural Abstraction and Functions that Return a Value

Chapter 5 Functions for all Subtasks

Chapter 6 I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes

Chapter 7 Arrays

Chapter 8 Strings and Vectors

Chapter 9 Pointers and Dynamic Arrays

Chapter 10 Defining Classes

Chapter 11 Friends, Overloaded Operators, and Arrays in Classes

Chapter 12 Separate Compilation and Namespaces

Chapter 13 Pointers and Linked Lists

Chapter 14 Recursion

Chapter 15 Inheritance

Chapter 16 Exception Handling

Chapter 17 Templates

Chapter 18 Standard Template Library and C++11

Preface
This is a document that is meant to be a supplement the text for the instructor. There is a
discussion of the ideas in each chapter, teaching suggestions, and some supplementary ideas.
There are solutions to many of the programming problems. Some problems have several different
solutions that correspond to different paths through the book. The test bank contains 25 to 50 test
questions with answers for each chapter. The questions are of both short answer (multiple choice,
true false, fill in the blank) type as well as read-the-code questions and short programming
problems. I urge that explanations to the short answer questions be required of the student.
With regard to the content of this manual, it should be noted that C++ leaves many options on how
to do any problem, and any book will necessarily choose a subset to present. Our author has made
such a set of choices. I have also made what I hope is a complementary set of choices for this
Instructor's resource Manual. I am striving to produce a complementary document to the text, a
document for the instructor, but I necessarily will do some things differently. Please do not hold
the student responsible for what I have put here. The reader of this document must note that it is
necessary to read the text, as that is what the student has to work with. In spite of our efforts at
consistency of content and style, there will be some variance between some of the presentation here
and the presentation in the text.
The code has been compiled and tested with g++ (gcc 4.8.4) and Visual Studio C++ .NET 2017.
Much of the code will work on Visual Studio C++ 6.0 updated to service pack 6 but a newer
compiler is recommended that is compliant with C++11. The text uses only mainstream features of
C++, consequently, most compilers will compile the code and produce output that does not differ
significantly from the results presented here. We have attempted to supply warnings where any of
these compilers gives trouble.
 Instructor's Resource Manual
for
Savitch, Problem Solving with C++

Chapter 1

Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming

This document is intended to be a resource guide for instructors using Savitch, Problem Solving with
C++. This guide follows the text chapter by chapter. Each chapter of this guide contains the
following sections:
1. Solutions to, and remarks on, selected Programming Projects
2. Outline of topics in the chapter
3. General remarks on the chapter

Solutions and remarks on selected Programming Projects

These programming exercises are intended to help familiarize the student with the programming
environment. Solutions are very system dependent. Consequently, only two solutions are provided
for the programming projects in this chapter.

Programming Project 3. Change calculator

***********************************************************************
// Ch1 Programming Project 3.cpp
//
// This program calculates the monetary value of a number of
// quarters, dimes, and nickels.
//
***********************************************************************

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// ====================
// main function
// ====================

int main()
{
int quarters, dimes, nickels, total;

// Input coins
cout << "Enter number of quarters." << endl;
cin >> quarters;

6
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 10e Chapter 1

cout << "Enter number of dimes." << endl;

cin >> dimes;
cout << "Enter number of nickels." << endl;
cin >> nickels;

// Calculate and output total

total = (quarters * 25) + (dimes * 10) + (nickels * 5);
cout << "The monetary value of your coins is " << total << " cents." <<
endl;
return 0;
}

Programming Project 4. Distance in freefall

// Ch1 Programming Project 4.cpp

// This program allows the user to enter a time in seconds
// and then outputs how far an object would drop if it is
// in freefall for that length of time

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int ACCELERATION = 32;

// Declare integer variables for the time and distance. A later

// chapter will describe variables that can hold non-integer numbers.
int time, distance;

// Prompt the user to input the time

cout << "Enter the time in seconds, that the object falls: ";
cin >> time;

// Compute the distance

distance = ACCELERATION/2 * time * time;

cout << "\nThe object will fall " << distance << " feet in "
<< time << " seconds.\n";

return 0;
}

Outline of Topics in the Chapter 1

1.1 Computer Systems

1.2 Programming and Problem-Solving
1.3 Introduction to C++

7
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 10e Chapter 1

1.4 Testing and Debugging

Suggested course outlines:

There seem to be three major approaches to teaching C++ as the first course in programming. In the
one approach, classes and objects are done very early, frequently with a library of some sort that
must be used with the text. In another, all of the ANSI C subset of C++ is covered prior to even
mentioning classes or objects. This text takes a third road that is more middle of the road. Here,
enough of the control constructs and functions are covered prior to doing classes and objects.
However, reorderings of the chapters are possible that allow any of these approaches.
Here is a "classes early" course that follows the text closely. This outline assumes no background in
computing. Topics beyond Chapter 11 may be studied as time permits.
Day days allotted
1 1 Startup business
2-3 2 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers
4-8 5 Chapter 2: C++ Basics. If the students have programming experience, the time
spent can be significantly reduced.
9-11 3 Chapter 3: Flow of control
12-14 3 Chapter 4: Procedural Abstraction
Test 1
16-18 3 Chapter 5: Functions for all subtasks
19-22 4 Chapter 6: I/O Streams
23-27 5 Chapter 7: Arrays
Test 2
29-32 4 Chapter 8: Strings and Vectors
Chapter 9: Pointers and Dynamic Arrays
33-37 5 Chapter 10: Classes
38-41 3 Chapter 11: Friends and Overloaded Operators
Test 3
5 Chapter 12 Separate compilation and namespaces
3 Chapter 13 Pointers and Linked Lists
3 Chapter 14: Recursion
3 Chapter 15: Inheritance
3 Chapter 16: Exception Handling
3 Chapter 17: Templates
2 Chapter 18: Standard Template Library and C++11

Reorderings:
The author suggests a reordering in the preface that allow almost all of ANSI C (with the tighter
C++ type-checking) to be covered before classes. Several variants on this reordering that allow
classes a bit earlier are presented in the text. The author describes interdependency of the chapters
in the preface of the text. Other reorderings are certainly possible.

8
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 10e Chapter 1

Chapter 1:
The student should do all the programming assignments in this chapter. These teach the locally
available program development system and familiarize the student with some of the more
common compiler errors. Error messages are quite specific to the compiler being used. It is very
important that the student learn these ideas as early as possible.

Outline of topics in the chapter:

1.1 Computer Systems
1.2 Programming and Problem-Solving
1.3 Introduction to C++
1.4 Testing and Debugging

General remarks on the chapter

This chapter serves as an introduction to computers and the language of computers for those
students who have no computer experience. The terminology is very important. Many students
only want to learn how the programming language works, and seem to be unhappy when they
find that they are required to learn the terminology associated with the language. The students
who learn the terminology have less trouble by far with this course.
Students should be given an indication of the amount of work that must be done before coding
begins. There are instances where several man-years of work have gone into software before a
single line of code was written.
Emphasize the importance of the problem-solving phase of program design. This will save the
student work in the long run. It is further important to emphasize that the problem definition and
algorithm design phases may need correcting once the actual coding and testing is in process. This
is true even if the algorithm was carefully desktop tested. Emphasize that the program design
process is an 'iterative' process. You make a start, test, correct and repeat until you have a solution.
It is a fact that the sooner the coding is started (on most problems), the longer the problem will take
to finish. My students insist on learning this the hard way. The algorithm design can be given a
boost by dividing the problem definition into INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT phases. The algorithm
will be primarily concerned with PROCESS, but frequently just getting information into the
computer, or out of the computer in a desirable format is a significant part of the task, if not the
whole problem.
In the text, Section 1.4, subsection "Kinds of Program Errors", there is a discussion of compiler error
messages. The error message from g++ when the wrong operator << or >> is used for input or
output, is something like errormessage.cpp:8: no match for `_IO_ostream_withassign & >> int. The
point is that compiler error messages are not clear, and anything your can do to help students to
associate error messages with errors that cause them will help the student to gain some intuition in
debugging based on compiler messages.

9
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Savitch Instructor’s Resource Guide
Problem Solving w/ C++, 10e Chapter 1

Encourage students to put only one statement per line. When errors are made, as they inevitably
are, the compiler is better able to tell us which is the offending statement. The cost is little for the
convenience gained in ability to find errors. The student should take compiler warnings to heart. If
the compiler warns about something, and the student is not absolutely certain what the message is
warning about, the student should treat the warning like the error that it probably is. The bottom
line is that all warnings (in the first course, at least) should be treated as errors. Compilers vary
with respect to what is reported as an error and what is reported with a warning. The GNU project
C++ compiler, g++ is more permissive by default. Encourage your students to compile using

g++ -W -Wall --pedantic file.cpp

This provides error messages that are close to the lint C-code checker.
GNU g++ 4.7 and Visual Studio 2013 very nearly meet the C++11 Standard. With g++ you may
need to add the –std=c++11 flag to compile with C++11.
The student should be encouraged to ask the compiler questions about the C++ language, to create
examples and to actually test the questions on the computer. The compiler is the final authority on
the version of the language that the compiler accepts, regardless of the ISO Standard. An example is
Practice Program 6, where the student is asked to type in a simple program, then test the effect of
deliberately introducing common errors.

10
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Americans
by Choice
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Americans by Choice

Author: John Palmer Gavit

Release date: October 27, 2019 [eBook #60576]

Most recently updated: October 17, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by ellinora, John Campbell and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
(This
file was produced from images generously made
available
by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICANS BY

CHOICE ***
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed
at the end of the book. Many of the Tables have associated footnotes, which
have been kept at the bottom of that table and labelled as a ‘note’ rather than a
footnote. These note anchors are denoted by {number}.
Some Tables were very wide; these have been split into two parts, with the first
column of the first part being repeated in the other part. On handheld devices
some Tables may need to be viewed in a small font to see all the columns.
In those Tables with ‘court number’ from 1 to 29 as a header, court number 11
is always missing; this is not an error, it is absent in the original text.
Some other minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book.
AMERICANS BY CHOICE
 Americanization Studies
Schooling of the Immigrant.
Frank V. Thompson, Supt. of Public Schools, Boston
America via the Neighborhood.
John Daniels
Old World Traits Transplanted.
Robert E. Park, Professorial Lecturer, University of Chicago
Herbert A. Miller, Professor of Sociology, Oberlin College
A Stake in the Land.
Peter A. Speek, in charge, Slavic Section, Library of Congress
Immigrant Health and the Community.
Michael M. Davis, Jr., Director, Boston Dispensary
New Homes for Old.
Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, Professor of Social Economy, University of
Chicago
The Immigrant Press and Its Control.
Robert E. Park, Professorial Lecturer, University of Chicago
Adjusting Immigrant and Industry. (In preparation)
William M. Leiserson, Chairman, Labor Adjustment Boards, Rochester and
New York
Americans by Choice.
John P. Gavit, Vice-President, New York Evening Post
The Immigrant’s Day in Court. (In press)
Kate Holladay Claghorn, Instructor in Social Research, New York School of
Social Work
Summary. (In preparation)
Allen T. Burns, Director, Studies in Methods of Americanization
Harper & Brothers Publishers
AMERICANIZATION STUDIES
ALLEN T. BURNS, DIRECTOR

AM ER IC AN S
B Y C H OIC E
BY
JOH N PAL MER GAVIT

HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS

N E W YO R K A N D LO N D O N
1922
 Americans By Choice

Copyright, 1922
By Harper & Brothers
Printed in the U. S. A.

First Edition
G—W
 PUBLISHER’S NOTE
The material in this volume was gathered by the Division of Health
Standards and Care of Studies in Methods of Americanization.
Americanization in this study has been considered as the union of
native and foreign born in all the most fundamental relationships
and activities of our national life. For Americanization is the uniting
of new with native-born Americans in fuller common understanding
and appreciation to secure by means of self-government the highest
welfare of all. Such Americanization should perpetuate no
unchangeable political, domestic, and economic regime delivered
once for all to the fathers, but a growing and broadening national
life, inclusive of the best wherever found. With all our rich heritages,
Americanism will develop best through a mutual giving and taking of
contributions from both newer and older Americans in the interest of
the commonweal. This study has followed such an understanding of
Americanization.
 FOREWORD
This volume is the result of studies in methods of Americanization
prepared through funds furnished by the Carnegie Corporation of
New York. It arose out of the fact that constant applications were
being made to the Corporation for contributions to the work of
numerous agencies engaged in various forms of social activity
intended to extend among the people of the United States the
knowledge of their government and their obligations to it. The
trustees felt that a study which should set forth, not theories of
social betterment, but a description of the methods of the various
agencies engaged in such work, would be of distinct value to the
cause itself and to the public.
The outcome of the study is contained in eleven volumes on the
following subjects: Schooling of the Immigrant; The Press;
Adjustment of Homes and Family Life; Legal Protection and
Correction; Health Standards and Care; Naturalization and Political
Life; Industrial and Economic Amalgamation; Treatment of
Immigrant Heritages; Neighborhood Agencies and Organization;
Rural Developments; and Summary. The entire study has been
carried out under the general direction of Mr. Allen T. Burns. Each
volume appears in the name of the author who had immediate
charge of the particular field it is intended to cover.
Upon the invitation of the Carnegie Corporation a committee
consisting of the late Theodore Roosevelt, Prof. John Graham
Brooks, Dr. John M. Glenn, and Mr. John A. Voll has acted in an
advisory capacity to the director. An editorial committee consisting of
Dr. Talcott Williams, Dr. Raymond B. Fosdick, and Dr. Edwin F. Gay
has read and criticized the manuscripts. To both of these committees
the trustees of the Carnegie Corporation are much indebted.
The purpose of the report is to give as clear a notion as possible
of the methods of the agencies actually at work in this field and not
to propose theories for dealing with the complicated questions
involved.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Publisher’s Note v
Foreword vii
Table of Contents ix
List of Tables xvi
List of Diagrams xxi
Introduction xxiii

CHAPTER
I. Of Their Own Free Will 1
These Are Our Voters! 2
Primitive Attitudes Toward Immigrants 3
Legal Position of the Alien 5
What Is an “American”? 7
The American Has No Racial Marks 10
Not Racial, but Cultural 12
Essentials of “Americanism” 14

II. New Members and an Old Game 17

Factors in Immigration 18
Politics Welcomes the Irish 21
They Always Have Been Democrats 21
Early Germans Became Republicans 24
Effects of the Gold Craze 25
Vast Naturalization Frauds 25
First Choice in Politics 30
The Politician Close to Humanity 33
Political Aspects of Social Clubs 35
Politics a Great Americanizing Force 37
III. Citizenship: Under This Flag and Others 40
Roots of Political Society 42
Influence of Emigration to America 43
The Right to Emigrate 44
The Subject vs. the Active Member 45
Essentials of Citizenship: Ancient—and American 46
Bases of American Citizenship 49
Common-law Definition Taken for Granted 50
Concerning Americans Born Abroad 51
Children Born at Sea 52
Question of Dual Nationality 53
Countries Denying the Right of Expatriation 54
Conditional Recognition 55
Naturalization Treaties With the United States 55
Great Britain 56
Germany 57
Citizenship Takes No Account of Sex 62
“A Woman Without a Country” 63
The American Under Three Jurisdictions 64

IV. Development of the Naturalization Law 69

Our “Charter Members” 69
First Naturalization Laws 70
Efforts Toward Uniformity 73
Bars Up Against Alien Anarchists 77
Various Presidents Discussed Naturalization 77
Definite Reform at Last 80
Naturalization Commission Appointed 80
What the Law Requires 83

V. The Law in Operation 89

Restrictions of Race 92
Limitations Regarding Age 95
The Declaration of Intention 96
“Declaration Invalid” 98
Should Declaration Be Abolished? 102
Naturalization Judges Favor Its Retention 105
The Seven-year Limitation 107
 The Certificate of Lawful Entry 109
The Vexatious Question of Names 112
The Petition for Naturalization 115
Ninety Days’ Interval Before Hearing 119
The Final Hearing in Court 119
Must “Speak” the English Language 120
Attached to the Constitution 123
In the Matter of “Continuous Residence” 124
The Absurdity of the “Incompetent Witness” 126
Judges Denounce the Absurdity 129
Depositions of Witnesses 133
“Good Moral Character” 135
The Final Ceremony—Oath of Allegiance 137
Ceremonies of Initiation 138

VI. Personal Equation in Naturalization 143

A Function of Local Courts 145
“Personal Equation” of the Judges 147
Bird’s-eye View of the Questionnaire 154
General Trend of Judges’ Opinions 158
The Clerks of the Courts 161
The Question of Adequate Clerical Force 163
When the Clerk Pockets the Fees 164
Forms of Petty Graft 165
“Personal Equation” in the Naturalization Service 167
A Scrupulously Honest Service 169
Need of Unifying Influence 170
“Nothing to Litigate!” 171
Confused State of the Educational Test 173
The Craze for “Americanizing” Somebody Else 177
Extra Responsibilities Self-sought 180
Enormous Arrearage in Bureau’s Work 186
The Aliens Support the Bureau 189
Fitness of Candidates 193
“Personal Equation” of the Public 195

VII. Some Statistics Concerning Immigrants, “New” and “Old” 197

Paucity of Dependable Information 199
Vast Arrearages in Examinations 202
 Report of Immigration Commission of 1907 204
Legend of “The New Immigration” 204
Disparity in Numbers Among Racial Groups 206
The Factor of Length of Residence 208
The Factor of Language 214
Length of Residence and Earning Power 215
Voting on “First Papers” 217
What Becomes of the Declarations? 218

VIII. Later Statistics—in Which Some Twenty-six Thousand Petitioners

Speak for Themselves 225
More Than a Fifth of All Petitioners 226
From Twenty-eight Representative Courts 226
In a Reasonably Normal Year 227
The Racial Groups Are Typical 228
Relative “Civic and Political Interest” 231
How Did These Petitioners Fare? 231
As Regards “Immoral Character” 234
The Showing as to “Ignorance” 235
Time-intervals in Naturalization 236
How Do the Racial Groups Compare? 238
They Are Young People 241
Relative Age and “Political Interest” 242
The Real Racial Distinction 243
Race and Relative Age at Arrival 244
At the Beginning of Married Life 247
As for “Stability of Residence” 247
Intellectual Equipment and Occupation 250
General Conclusions 252

IX. Citizenship via Military Service 255

Position of the Alien Soldier 256
Revolutionary Legislative Action 258
Citizens at Heart, but “Enemy Aliens” 260
All Safeguards Abandoned 263
All Race Restrictions Removed 265
Ordinary Naturalization Disputed 265
Statistics of Alien Registration 267
Aliens and Military Service 269
 Foreign Born Eager to Serve 272
Austrians Who Were Not for Austria 274
There Was Human War-time Psychology 275
Diplomatic Requests for Exemption 276
Reciprocal Conscription Among Cobelligerents 278
Of German Descent, but Loyal Americans 278
Desertion, Among Aliens and Citizens 279
War’s Test of “the Melting-pot” 281
An Old Practice with a New Significance 282
What Some Judges Thought of It 283
Here Was “Attachment to Our Principles”! 285
Assimilating the Enemies of Tyranny 287
Episodes of Military Naturalization 288
Those Who Went Without Citizenship 292
A Great Composite Record of Loyalty 294

X. The Foreign-born Woman, Her Home and Her Children, in American

Politics 296
Regardless of Qualifications 298
Unmarried Women Have Male Rights 298
Dangers of “Derivative Citizenship” 299
Children of Aliens Here American Born 301
“Derivative Citizenship” Almost Equals the Direct 302
Woman Suffrage Was Widespread 303
Applicants Came as Young Married Men 304
The Mother Must Be “Americanized” 305
Must Learn Politics by Political Activity 307
Few Women Seek Naturalization 309
Some Courts Notice the Wives 311
Obstacles of Distance and Expense 312
Woman Suffrage Opens a New Era 314
Opinions of Naturalizing Judges 315
650,000 “Derivative Voters” Extant 317
Largely an Ignorant Vote 318
Political Indifference Not Peculiar to Foreign Born 320
Many Were Called, but Few Responded 321
Foreign-born Women Without Political Experience 323
They Are Good Material 324
How the Women Can Be Reached 327
 A Specific Example—It Works 330
What the Children Did 333

XI. The Foreign-born Voter in Action 335

Divided by Racial Traditions 338
Aliens Not Without Political Influence 339
There is no “Foreign Vote” 340
Old Evils Abolished 341
Corruption Was Not an Importation 343
Home-grown in Adams County, Ohio! 344
Who Is the Buyer of Votes? 345
Attempts to Find the “Foreign Vote” 347
Response to Progressive Ideas 354
Some Results from Cleveland 357
“Civic Interest” in Grand Rapids 365
Municipal Voters’ League of Chicago 369
Some Other Instances 373

XII. The Foreign Born in Radical Movements 377

The Socialist Press 380
Dues-paying Socialist Members 381
Racial Groups of Socialists 383
The Socialist Vote 385
German Influence in Socialism 387
Jews in Socialism 390
Effect of the War on Socialism 391
The Single-tax and Agrarian Movements 393
The Nonpartisan League 397
Ultraradical Movements Nonpolitical 401
The “I. W. W.” and the Homeless Worker 403

XIII. Some General Considerations 410

No Lowering of Standards 416
A Function Administrative or Judicial? 420
Physical Conditions and Dignity 422
Function of the Naturalization Bureau 425
Appendix 429
Index 435
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. Immigration from Ireland and Germany Each Year, 1820–1840 22
2. Aliens Naturalized 1856–1867 in two Courts in New York City 26
3. Applicants for Naturalization in Supreme Court, New York City in
October, 1868 28
4. Number of Replies from Judges in Each District 149
5. Appropriation for the Naturalization Service for each fiscal year,
1908–1919 185
6. Receipts from Naturalization fees and disbursements, 1907–1920 190
7. Number of Declarations of Intention and Petitions for Naturalization
issued, 1907–1920 201
8. Per Cent that fully Naturalized Male Employees are of Total Male
Employees who were twenty-one years of age and over at Time of
Coming and who have been in the United States ten years or over,
compared with the per cent that Male Employees in the United
States ten years or over are of those here five years and over, by
race 207
9. Per Cent of Foreign Born Male Employees Reporting Citizenship
who have been in the United States each specified period of years,
by race 209
10. Present Political Condition of Foreign Born Male Employees who
have been in the United States five years or over and who were
twenty-one years of age at time of coming, by race 211
11. Average weekly earnings of male employees, by race and specified
industries 216
12. Per Cent of Foreign Born of Voting Age having First Papers and also
per cent in states Permitting Aliens to Vote on first papers,
compared with certain states not Permitting Aliens to Vote on first
papers for 1900 and 1910 218
13. Number of Declarations filed each year 1908–1912 with Average 220
Number and Ratio of Petitions consummating in five-year period
 ending each year
14. Yearly Number of Declarations Filed 1908–1912 and Number of
final Petitions for Naturalization Assumed to have been based upon
those Declarations 221
15. Ratio of Declarations of Intention to Petition for Naturalization by
States 223
16. Comparison by Races of (1) Naturalization Petitioners Studied, (2)
Unnaturalized Males twenty-one years of age or over in nine cities
and in the country as a whole, in 1910 229
17. Comparison of Causes of Denial for the years 1908–1918 and
1913–1914 232
18. Racial Distribution of Petitioners Denied 1913–1914, and the Per
Cent Denials for six Principal Causes 233
19. Per Cent of Denials due to “Immoral Character,” by Race 235
20. Per Cent of Denials due to “Ignorance,” by Race 236
21. Average Time Elapsing between Arrival and Declaration of
Intention; between Declaration and Petition and between Petition
and Naturalization 237
22. Average Interval before filing Petition after Attainment of twenty-
one years, for those arriving at ages, 1–14, by Race 239
23. Average Interval before filing Petition after Arrival at Ages 16–20,
by Race 240
24. Average Interval before filing Petition after Arrival at Ages twenty-
one or over, by Race 241
25. Number and Per cent of Petitioners for three age groups 242
26. Racial Distribution of Petitioners for the age periods “over twenty-
one” “15–20” and “1–14” 246
27. Number of Declarations made in “Other” States 249
28. Principal Occupations Represented in Petitions for Naturalizations
filed in seven Cities 1913–1914, ratio between Number of
Petitioners and total of Foreign Born White Males in those
Occupations in those Cities in 1910 251
29. Number and Per Cent of Petitioners in Each Occupation 252
30. Allegiance of Aliens Registered under the Selective Service Act 268
31. Fitness for Service of Alien Registrants 269
32. Neutrals withdrawing from the Service 273
33. Diplomatic Requests for Discharge of and Total Registration of
Aliens by Country of Birth 277
34. Comparison of Reported Desertions of Alien and Citizen Registrants 281
35. Years in which full and partial Suffrage was Granted to Women, by
States 303
36. Maximum Enrollment in Citizenship and English classes, in United
States in 1919 322
37. Per Cent of New York City Vote Cast for McCall in 1913, Dix in 1910
by Voters of Native Parentage 350
38. Per Cent of New York City Vote Cast for McCall in 1913, Dix in 1910
by Russians and Austrians 350
39. Per Cent of New York City Vote Cast for McCall in 1913, Dix in 1910
by the Irish 351
40. Per Cent of New York City Vote Cast for McCall in 1913, Dix in 1910
by Germans 352
41. Per Cent of New York City Vote Cast for McCall in 1913, Dix in 1910
by Italians 352
42. Per Cent of Socialist Vote in New York City in 1910 and 1913 by
Nationality 353
43. Distribution of Dominant Nationality in ninety-two precincts in
Cleveland 358
44. Distribution of Democratic and Republican Votes in Cleveland in
1913–1915 among Certain Racial Groups 361
45. Per Cent of Certain Races Exercising Second and Third Choice 362
46. Vote Cast in precincts of Varying Racial Make-up in Three Wards of
Grand Rapids, 1918, 1919 366
47. Per Cent of Women Registered in thirteen Michigan cities 368
48. Number of Socialists paying dues each year from 1903 to 1915 382
49. Ranks of Race Groups in Relative Socialist Strength 384
50. Socialist Vote for President from 1880 to 1898 385
51. The Socialist Vote for President by States from 1900 to 1920 386
52. Per Cent Circulation of the German Press in nine states 388
53. Socialist Vote for President in nine states from 1900 to 1916 389
54. Membership of the Nonpartisan League by states in December,
1918 398
55. Distribution of Petitions Studied, by Courts 429
56. Sex and Marital Condition of Petitioners 430
57. Petitioners’ Children Under twenty-one years of age 431
58. Age of Petitioners at Arrival and Time Elapsing between twenty-one
years of age (or later arrival) and Petition, 1913–1914 432
59. Number and Per Cent of Petitions Denied for each Cause,
by Courts Facing 432
60. Number of Petitions Denied for each Cause, by Country of
Birth Facing 432
61. Distribution of Petitioners, by Country of Birth and Courts Facing 432
62. Distribution of Petitioners, Length of Time from Arrival to
Petition, by Country of Birth Facing 432
63. Distribution of Petitions, by Occupation and Courts 433
64. Average Number of Years from Date of Arrival to Date of
Petition, by Occupation 434
65. Number of Petitioners, by Country of Birth and Occupation Facing 434
66. Ratio between Naturalization Petitions filed in 1913–1914
and Total Foreign Born White Males ten years of age and
over in 1910, by Occupation for seven cities Facing 434
 LIST OF DIAGRAMS
DIAGRAM PAGE
1. Average interval before filing petition after attainment of twenty-
one years (or time of arrival, if arriving after twenty-one years)
for petitioners arriving at ages of one to fourteen, fifteen to
twenty, and twenty-one years and over 242
2. Average interval before filing petition after arrival at age twenty-
one or over by races. The bars which are in black represent
countries from which the subject people constituted almost
entirely the immigration to this country 245
 INTRODUCTION
It would require a very long list of names to give specific mention of
all those who have rendered substantial aid in gathering the
information on which this volume is based. The Commissioner of
Naturalization, Mr. Richard K. Campbell; the former Director of
Citizenship, Mr. Raymond F. Crist, and the chief examiners under
their direction, have done all in their power to afford information and
other assistance. Several hundred judges of naturalization courts in
all parts of the country, took pains to answer our questionnaire and
personal letters on special questions. Students of immigration and
naturalization problems have been ungrudging in their co-operation.
The tedious and painstaking work of compiling the information
contained in more than 26,000 petitions for naturalization, analyzed
in the statistical chapters of this book, was done more especially
under the direction of Professor Raymond Moley, then at Western
Reserve University, Cleveland; Hornell Hart, of Cincinnati; Professor
S. C. Kohs, of Reed College, for Portland, Oregon; Professor T. T.
Waterman, of the University of the state of Washington, for Seattle,
and Professor L. H. Hawkins, of Clark University, for Worcester, Mass.
Aside from the service of these volunteer assistants, thanks are due
in more than perfunctory manner to the members of the staff of the
Americanization Study who devoted long hours to this exacting task.
Professor Moley compiled most of the material used in the chapter
on the legal aspects of citizenship, and afforded information of the
utmost value woven into other parts of this volume.
 The thanks of the author are due in particular to his personal
associates in the work, Mr. Paul Lee Ellerbe, formerly Chief
Naturalization Examiner at Denver, and Miss Elizabeth Miner King,
then of the staff of the New York Evening Post, now Mrs. Harold
Phelps Stokes, of Washington, D. C.
John Palmer Gavit
AMERICANS BY CHOICE
 AMERICANS BY CHOICE

OF THEIR OWN FREE WILL

From the point of view of citizenship there are two kinds of

Americans—those who are American involuntarily by birth, and those
who are American by choice.
This book devotes itself to those who have become Americans not
by birth, but of their own free will and accord, by that process of
voluntarily adopting a fatherland known as Naturalization. It
endeavors to tell generally what happens to them in that process,
and something of what they do and contribute to our political life
after they have been admitted to active membership in our body
politic.
The subject is one much talked about—especially since the
beginning of the World War—and little understood save by those
who administer, or who in some way profit by, the operation, the
shortcomings, and confusions of the existing law and the system
which has grown up under it. That system is handicapped and
beclouded by public indifference and by the survival of ancient
attitudes and limitations, and bedeviled by the theories and
prejudices of persons and interests who, innocently or willfully—
often with impeccable intentions—stand in the way of progress or
adhere for various reasons to ideas and methods long since
outgrown, or in the light of to-day actively mischievous.
 THESE ARE OUR VOTERS!

It is a current fashion of unthinking persons, contemplating the

seething masses of immigrants congested in our cities and in certain
rural sections, beholding the polyglot store signs and newspapers,
sensing the existence of languages, manners, and customs
unfamiliar and perhaps grotesque and even outrageous to their own
habits and ideas of propriety, and reflecting vaguely upon the real
and supposed evils of our political methods and machinery, to
exclaim:
“And these are the people who corrupt our politics! These are the
voters who elect our presidents!”
Many who should know better indulge in such absurdities, and
even cite statistics to support them. A characteristic manner of
reasoning would read something like this:
“In 1910 there were 13,000,000 foreign-born persons in the
United States, and only a little more than 3,000,000 of them were
naturalized!”
Leaving the unreflecting hearer to forget that of the 13,000,000
only about half (6,646,817) were males of twenty-one years and
over; that more than half a million (570,772) had declared their
intention to become citizens; that there was no report as to the
citizenship of more than 775,000; so that the alien population of
voting age, and of the then voting sex, known to be unnaturalized,
was only about one-sixth of the total foreign born, or 2,266,535.
This was bad enough in all conscience, and the Woman-Suffrage
Amendment to the Constitution of the United States certainly has
aggravated it, since through it married immigrant women were made
possible voters through the naturalization of their husbands. But
nothing can be gained by exaggerating the facts, or constructing
mare’s nests by inferences from false assumptions. It is worth while
to examine the conditions, to observe the extent to which the
foreign born actually do participate in our political processes, and on
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

testbankmall.com