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Chp-8-Introduction to Database Management System

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7 views

Chp-8-Introduction to Database Management System

Uploaded by

Shweta Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chp 8: Introduction to Database Management System

Answer the following questions


1. Define the terms
(a) Database : A database is a collection of logically related data items stored in an
organised manner. The information being stored in a database can be added,
modified, deleted or displayed according to the requirements of the user.
(b) Data redundancy : In the event of requiring the same data field in several tables
the data field might get repeated in number of tables. This is called as data
redundancy. This can be reduced by using DBMS tools.
(c) Report: The output of a query may be displayed in the form of reports. The
usual result of the query is in the form of rows and columns
2. Give one point of difference between:
(a) Data and Information,
Data Information
The raw facts constitutes data. Information is the processed or organised
form of data.

(b) Form and Query,


Form Query
A form is a feature of a database A query is used to retrieve the desired
using which we can enter data in a information from the database. In
table in an easy and user friendly simple terms, it is a question asked
manner. from the database
c) Network and hierarchical data model
Network data model hierarchical data model
In Network Data model, multiple In Hierarchical Data Model, the data is
records are linked to same master file. organised into a tree like structure.
The data is stored in the form of
linked records.

3. Give any four advantages of a DBMS.

1) Organised Storage – The data in the database is stored in an organised


manner, so that retrieval of the required data is fast and accurate.
2) Data Analysis – A database helps in analysis of data based on certain
criteria. It is easy to find out maximum or minimum value, average or mean
using a database.
3) Data Sharing – If the same data set is required for different applications
then the database can be shared with other applications. Hence using a
database means making once and using it repeatedly for multiple
applications.
4) Minimal Data Redundancy – In the event of requiring the same data field
in several tables the data field might get repeated in number of tables.
This is called as data redundancy. This can be reduced by using DBMS
tools.
5) Data Consistency – By minimising data redundancy, chances of
inconsistent data being stored is reduced. For example, it should not
happen that the name of the student is changed in one table and not in
another. Such inconsistency is educed by using a DBMS.
Extra ques:
Define:

DBMS: The software that is used to create, update and retrieve data is known as
database management system (DBMS).

Data model : A database can be designed in different ways depending on the data
being stored. This structure of database is known as data model that describes
the manner in which data will be stored and retrieved.

Table – A table is a collection of logically related records. It is organised as a set


of columns, and can have any number of rows.

Field or Columns or attributes – A field is the smallest entity in the database. A


collection of fields make a record, a collection of records make a table and a
collection of tables make a database.

Data Values – Data values are the raw data represented in numeric, character or
alphanumeric form. Examples of data values are ‘Abhinav Bindra’, ‘26’ ‘shooting’,
“Chandigarh”, “10-12-2018”,

Record or Row – The data values for all the fields related to a person or object is
called a record. It is presented as rows within a table. A record holds the data
values of all the fields for a single person or object in a table.

Primary Key – A primary key or simply a key is a field that uniquely identifies a row
in a table. The key identifier can be the value of a single column or of multiple
columns. The primary key is a unique identifier for the table.

Relational Database: A relational database is a collection of related tables.


Foreign Key – If a field or a combination of fields of one table can be used to
uniquely identify records of another table, then that particular field is known as
the foreign key. This foreign key helps to build a relation between two tables .

Candidate Key – All the field values that are eligible to be the primary key are the
candidate keys for that table. Such fields can neither be left blank nor can have
duplicate values.
Alternate Key – Out of the candidate keys, one or two are made as primary keys.
The others are the alternate keys.

Name various data models .


There are different data models, such as hierarchical data model, network data
model and relational data model.
What is Hierarchical Data Model ?
In Hierarchical Data Model, the data is organised into a tree like structure. The
data is stored in the form of linked records.

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