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Babc401 1

BCAC

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16 views5 pages

Babc401 1

BCAC

Uploaded by

mondalritu019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Mark Questions

1. What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

A DBMS is software that manages and interacts with a


database, providing a interface for data storage, retrieval,
and manipulation.

2. Name any two types of database models.

1. Relational database model

2. Hierarchical database model

3. What is the difference between a primary key and a


foreign key?

A primary key uniquely identifies a record, while a foreign


key references the primary key of another table.

4. Define normalization in DBMS.

Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize


data redundancy and dependency.

5. What is SQL, and why is it used?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming


language used for managing and manipulating data in
relational databases.

6. In a relational data model, columns of a table


called_____________.

Attributes
7. The DML provides ___________ function access to the
database.

High-level

8. Domain can be defined as_____________.

A set of atomic values

9. What is Schema?

Overall structure or design of a database

10. What is Instance?

A snapshot of the data in the database at a particular point


in time

4 Marks Questions

6. Explain the different types of DBMS with examples.

1. Relational DBMS: Organizes data into tables with well-


defined relationships. (Example: MySQL)

2. Object-Oriented DBMS: Stores data in the form of


objects. (Example: Gemstone)

3. Hierarchical DBMS: Organizes data in a tree-like


structure. (Example: IBM IMS)

4. Network DBMS: Organizes data in a graph-like structure.


(Example: CODASYL)

7. What are the different types of database keys? Explain


each with examples.
1. Primary Key: Uniquely identifies a record. (Example:
Employee ID)

2. Foreign Key: References the primary key of another


table. (Example: Department ID in Employee table)

3. Composite Key: A combination of columns that uniquely


identifies a record. (Example: Order ID and Product ID)

4. Unique Key: Ensures that each value in a column is


unique. (Example: Email ID)

8. Discuss the concept of normalization and its different


normal forms.

Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize


data redundancy and dependency. The different normal
forms are:

1. First Normal Form (1NF): Each table cell contains a single


value.

2. Second Normal Form (2NF): Each non-key attribute


depends on the entire primary key.

3. Third Normal Form (3NF): If a table is in 2NF, and a non-


key attribute depends on another non-key attribute, then
it should be moved to a separate table.

9. Explain ACID properties in DBMS and their significance.

ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)


properties ensure that database transactions are
processed reliably and securely.
1. Atomicity: Ensures that a transaction is treated as a
single, indivisible unit.

2. Consistency: Ensures that a transaction maintains the


integrity of the database.

3. Isolation: Ensures that concurrent transactions do not


interfere with each other.

4. Durability: Ensures that once a transaction is


committed, its effects are permanent.

10. Explain Primary Key and Candidate Key.

Primary Key: A unique identifier for each row in a table.


Candidate Key: A column or set of columns that can
uniquely identify each row in a table.

11. What are DML and DDL?

DML (Data Manipulation Language): Used to modify data in


a database (e.g., INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE). DDL (Data
Definition Language): Used to define the structure of a
database (e.g., CREATE, ALTER, DROP).

12.Explain two tier and three tier architecture of


database application.

Two-Tier Architecture: Client-server architecture where


the client requests data from the server, which stores the
data. Three-Tier Architecture: Client-server architecture
with an additional middle tier (application server) that
processes requests and interacts with the database.

13. Write a short note on Data Abstraction.


Data Abstraction: The process of exposing only necessary
information to the outside world while hiding
implementation details, allowing for greater
flexibility and security.

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