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6 views3 pages

Assignemnt 1

Uploaded by

loransmogay
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1- What is NLP?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on enabling
computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. It combines linguistics, computer
science, and machine learning to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.

NLP is used in applications like:

Chatbots & Virtual Assistants (e.g., Siri, Google Assistant)

Machine Translation (e.g., Google Translate)

Speech Recognition (e.g., voice-to-text systems)

Text Analysis & Sentiment Analysis (e.g., customer feedback analysis)

Autocorrect & Spell Checking

2-What are the main challenges in NLP?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) faces several challenges due to the complexity, ambiguity, and
variability of human language. Some of the key challenges include:

1. Ambiguity – Words and sentences can have multiple meanings (e.g., "bank" can mean a
financial institution or a riverbank).

2. Context Understanding – Many words and phrases depend on context (e.g., "He saw the bat"
could refer to an animal or a baseball bat).

3. Sarcasm & Irony – Difficult to detect, as the literal meaning is often different from the intended
meaning.

4. Language Variability – Dialects, slang, abbreviations, and informal language make NLP models
struggle with consistency.

5. Grammar & Syntax Complexity – Some languages have complex grammatical structures that
are difficult to process.

6. Lack of Labeled Data – Training NLP models requires large amounts of high-quality annotated
text.

7. Low-Resource Languages – Many languages lack enough digital text data to build accurate
models.

8. Bias in AI Models – NLP models can inherit biases from training data, leading to unfair or
incorrect predictions.
9. Real-Time Processing – Understanding and generating language quickly in real-time applications
is a technical challenge.

10. Code-Switching – Some people mix languages in conversation (e.g., "Spanglish"), making NLP
processing more complex.
11. 3-What are the different tasks in NLP?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) involves several tasks that help machines understand, process, and
generate human language. These tasks can be broadly categorized into text processing, understanding,
and generation:

1. Text Processing Tasks

 Tokenization – Splitting text into words, phrases, or sentences.

 Stopword Removal – Removing common words (e.g., "the", "is") to focus on meaningful terms.

 Stemming & Lemmatization – Reducing words to their root forms (e.g., "running" → "run").

 Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging – Identifying nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. in a sentence.

2. Text Understanding Tasks

 Named Entity Recognition (NER) – Identifying entities like names, locations, and dates.

 Sentiment Analysis – Determining the emotional tone of text (e.g., positive, negative, neutral).

 Text Classification – Categorizing text into predefined groups (e.g., spam detection, topic
classification).

 Semantic Analysis – Understanding the meaning of words and sentences.

 Coreference Resolution – Identifying when different words refer to the same entity (e.g., "John
said he would come" – linking "John" and "he").

3. Text Generation Tasks

 Machine Translation – Translating text between languages (e.g., Google Translate).

 Text Summarization – Generating short summaries of long texts (e.g., news article summaries).

 Text Generation – Creating human-like text (e.g., ChatGPT, AI writing tools).

 Speech Recognition & Text-to-Speech (TTS) – Converting speech to text and vice versa.

4. Conversational & Interactive NLP Tasks

 Chatbots & Virtual Assistants – Enabling machines to engage in human-like conversations.

 Question Answering (QA) – Answering questions based on given text (e.g., search engines, AI
assistants).

 Dialogue Systems – Handling multi-turn conversations with context awareness.

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