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FDP Arduino Programs

The document contains four problem statements related to Arduino programming. Each statement includes code snippets for controlling LEDs, measuring distance with an ultrasonic sensor, and controlling a DC motor based on distance readings. The problems range from simple LED blinking to more complex motor control using PWM and ultrasonic sensor data.

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ripfoc92
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1 views

FDP Arduino Programs

The document contains four problem statements related to Arduino programming. Each statement includes code snippets for controlling LEDs, measuring distance with an ultrasonic sensor, and controlling a DC motor based on distance readings. The problems range from simple LED blinking to more complex motor control using PWM and ultrasonic sensor data.

Uploaded by

ripfoc92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Statement - 1

(Blinking LEDs in combination with some delay)

Code:
// Variable and pins declared and initialized

int led_red = 8; // the red LED is connected to Pin 8 of the Arduino


int led_yellow = 9; // the yellow LED is connected to Pin 9 of the Arduino
int led_green = 10; // the green LED is connected to Pin 10 of the Arduino

void setup()
// This loop repeats only once
{
// set up all the LEDs as OUTPUT
pinMode(led_red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led_yellow, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led_green, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);// begin communication


}

void loop()
// This loop repeats continuously
{
// turn the green LED on and the other LEDs off
digitalWrite(led_red, LOW);
digitalWrite(led_yellow, LOW);
digitalWrite(led_green, HIGH);
Serial.println("Green light is ON");
delay(2000); // wait 2 seconds
// turn the yellow LED on and the other LEDs off
digitalWrite(led_red, LOW);
digitalWrite(led_yellow, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led_green, LOW);
Serial.println("Yellow light is ON");
delay(1000); // wait 1 second

// turn the red LED on and the other LEDs off


digitalWrite(led_red, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led_yellow, LOW);
digitalWrite(led_green, LOW);
Serial.println("Red light is ON");
delay(3000); // wait 3 seconds
}

Link- Problem_Statements_1
Problem Statement - 2
(Measure the distance of an object/wall using the ultrasonic sensor)

Code:
// Pin
const int trigPin = 4; // Trigger pin of ultrasonic sensor
const int echoPin = 5; // Echo pin of ultrasonic sensor

// Variables to store the duration and distance


long duration;
int distance;

void setup() {
// Start serial communication for monitoring
Serial.begin(9600);

// Set the pin modes


pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Set the trigger pin as output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Set the echo pin as input
}

void loop() {
// Clear the trigger pin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

// Send a pulse to the trigger pin


digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10); // Pulse duration
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Read the pulse duration from the echo pin


duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

// Calculate the distance in centimeters


distance = duration * 0.0344 / 2;

// Print the distance to the Serial Monitor


Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");
delay(500);
}

Link- Problem_statements_2
Problem Statement - 3
(Control the DC motor using the Ultrasonic sensor data (using Digital PIN))

Note: For real-time, we have to use an H-bridge motor driver L298N to control the motor.

Code:
// pin numbers
const int triggerPin = 2; // Trigger pin for ultrasonic sensor
const int echoPin = 4; // Echo pin for ultrasonic sensor
const int motorPin = 12; // Pin to control the DC motor

void setup()
{
// pin modes
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT); // Set motor control pin as output
pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT); // Set trigger pin as output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Set echo pin as input

// Start serial communication


Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
long duration; // Duration of the pulse from the sensor
long distance; // Calculated distance in cm

// Trigger the ultrasonic sensor


digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);

// Read the pulse duration from the echo pin


duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

// Convert duration to distance in centimeters


distance = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);

// If the object is more then 40 cm, turn motor ON


if (distance >= 40)
{
digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH); // Turn on the motor
}
else
{
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW); // Turn off the motor
}

// Print the distance


Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");

delay(500); // Delay
}

// Function to convert microseconds to centimeters


long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)
{
return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

Link- Problem_Statements_3
Problem Statement - 4
(Control the DC motor using the Ultrasonic sensor data (using PWM PIN))

Code:
// pin numbers
const int triggerPin = 2; // Trigger pin for ultrasonic sensor
const int echoPin = 4; // Echo pin for ultrasonic sensor
const int motorPin = 9; // PWM pin to control the DC motor speed

void setup()
{
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
long duration;
long distance;

// Trigger the ultrasonic sensor


digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);

// Read echo duration


duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);

// Map distance (40–100 cm) to PWM value (0–255)


int motorSpeed = 0;
if (distance >= 30) {
motorSpeed = map(distance, 30, 100, 100, 255); // Increase speed with distance
motorSpeed = constrain(motorSpeed, 0, 255); // Ensure within 0–255
} else {
motorSpeed = 0; // Too close, stop motor
}

analogWrite(motorPin, motorSpeed); // Control motor speed via PWM

Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(" cm | Motor Speed: ");
Serial.println(motorSpeed);

delay(500);
}

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)


{
return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

Link- Problem_statements_4

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