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Chapter 01 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to engineering drawing, covering its history, importance, and the necessary tools and techniques for creating accurate technical drawings. It details the layout of drawing paper, the use of various drawing instruments, and the significance of technical lettering and line types in conveying information. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for good quality materials and proper techniques to enhance the clarity and effectiveness of engineering drawings.

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Berihu Girmay
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10 views5 pages

Chapter 01 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to engineering drawing, covering its history, importance, and the necessary tools and techniques for creating accurate technical drawings. It details the layout of drawing paper, the use of various drawing instruments, and the significance of technical lettering and line types in conveying information. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for good quality materials and proper techniques to enhance the clarity and effectiveness of engineering drawings.

Uploaded by

Berihu Girmay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Drawing For Summer-I Introduction

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 History of Technical Drawing

1.2 Importance of Technical drawing:

 Any word or language is inadequate to describe the size, shape and relationships
of physical objects
 Graphic language: communication using drawing
 Mathematics determines strength of machine parts and their dimensions
 Drawing: recording of shape, size, kind of material , finish and other details
 Generally drawing is a language which uses lines, symbols, dimensions and
notations to accurately describe the form, size, kind of material, finish and
construction of an object

1.3 Standard drawing paper Layout and title blocks

 Drawing paper: working media for the drawing


 Paper should be tough, strong, uniform in thickness
 Paper sizes:
 Paper sizes can be A series , B series or C series
 A series papers are widely used for daily office use, especially A4
 A series papers can vary from A4 to A0

Dimensions of papers
 A4 = 297mm*210mm
 A3 = 420mm*297mm
 A2 = 594mm*420mm
 A1 = 841mm*594mm
 A0 = 1189mm*841mm

A4

A2 A3 A0
A1

By: A.U / MED 1


Engineering Drawing For Summer-I Introduction

PAPER LAY OUT


The layout of the paper for drawing purpose is very necessary

The layout shows the areas to be covered through our paper

It shows the drawing area, border line, page border and the title block

FIG ( Paper layout)
TITLE BLOCK
 Information center for our drawing
 It is composed of
 Drawers name
 Checkers name
 Date that the drawing prepared
 Scale of the drawing
 Type of projection
 Company
 Title of the drawing
 Drawing number
 And other information required by the company

1.4 Drawing instruments and their uses:

 Preparation of good quality drawings is primarily based on the proper selection


and utilization of drawing instruments
 Basic drawing equipments are:
 paper( working media),
 drafting tape( attaching the drawing paper with the table),
 pencils ( drawing maker) ,
 erasers( rub out fault from the paper),
 erasing shield( covering for well done areas not to be erased),
 drawing board( the bed of paper),
 T-square( paper fixing and guides for triangles),
 triangles( to make line at different angles),
 scales( measurement of lengths),
 irregular curves( drawing of irregular configurations,
 protractor( angle measurement),
 compass (drawing circles and arcs)
 Special equipments: drafting machines, templates, adjusting curves, ruling pens,
proportional dividers, beam compass, electric eraser, rail road and etc.

DRAWING PENCILS
 selection of good and well sharpened pencil is important
 pencils of various degrees of pencils are available

By: A.U / MED 2


Engineering Drawing For Summer-I Introduction

Grades

Pencil grades Strength Application


9H, 8H, 7H, 6H Hard Light constructions
5H, 4H Medium hard Dimensioning, center lines, invisible
object lines
3H, 2H Medium Visible object lines
H, F Medium soft Lettering and free hand sketching
HB, B Soft
2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B Softness increases in the
given order

1.5 Alphabets of lines

 OBJECT (OUTLINE) VISIBLE LINE:


 To draw visible edge and surface boundaries of objects
 They are thick and continuous.
 HIDDEN LINES:
 To show hidden edges
 Are shown in a drawing by dotted lines
 These are made up of short dashes approximately equal
 Approximate length 3mm and equal spacing 1mm.
 SECTION LINE:
 Thin continuous lines at 450
 Spaced uniformly about 1.5mm apart
 Used to show sectioned parts.
 CENTRE LINE:
 Indicate the folding line of symmetric objects
 They are thin lines drawn with medium hard pencils.
 Composed of alternating long and short dashes,
 Equally spaced approximately 1.5mm apart.
 Short dashes are about 3mm long and Long dashes are about 6 to 8 times
the shorter dashes.
 DIMENTION LINES:
 Are thin continuous lines
 Indicating length of dimensions and are
 Terminated by pointed arrow heads
 EXTENSION LINES:
 Are thin continuous lines
 1.5mm is kept between these lines and object lines
 Extended about 3mm beyond the dimension line
 LEADER LINES:
 Are thin lines
 Used to connect a specific note t a feature
 arrow headed to the feature

By: A.U / MED 3


Engineering Drawing For Summer-I Introduction

Inclined 300, 450, or 600 from the horizontal


 CUTTING PLANE LINES:
 Are thick lines
 Alternately long and two short dashes in the ratio of about 1:8
 Uniformly spaced 1.5mm apart and the short dashes are about 3mm long
 These are used for indicating the location of sectioning plane
 BREAK LINES:
 Are short and long break lines
 The thick short break is very common although the thin long break may be
used for long distances
 PHANTOM LINES:
 Are thin lines made of one long and two short dashes alternately
 They are used to identify alternate positions of moving parts, adjacent
positions of related parts or repetitive details

1.6 Technical lettering:

 Dimensions and notes in drawing will be best performed by knowing different


lettering techniques
 Poor lettering will decrease the quality of the drawing
 For good lettering the hand must hold the pencil firmly
 Art of good lettering depends on the uniformity of shape, style, size slope weight
and spacing
 Good drawer realizes the importance of neat and attractive lettering

Guide lines:
 Lettering should be done with guide lines
 Guide lines contain three parallel lines:
 Top of capital letters
 Top of small letters
 Base line of lettering
 All guide lines should be done with light lines
 Those lines may be erased so that they will not be seen

Spacing:
 Spacing must appear equal between each letter
 More space is allowed for letters having tall vertical parts like H and I
 More space is also allowed if letters have open space around them, like V and A
 Space between letters equals the size of the letter O

Types of lettering:
 Vertical : capital, lower case, numerals and fractions
 Inclined: capital, lower case, numerals and fractions

By: A.U / MED 4


Engineering Drawing For Summer-I Introduction

Size of letters:
 Size of any letter means height of the capital letter
 Small letters are 2/3rd the size of capital letters
 Ascenders or stems of small letters have the same size as the capitals
 Descenders will extend 1/3rd the size of capital letters below the lower guide line
 Numeral have the same size as capital letters
 In fractions numerals should not touch the bar between them, so they should be
drawn slightly smaller
 Total height of a fraction is equal to two normal letters

Slope of letters:
 Stems of letters should have the same slope with the letter
 For slant letters slope should be about 67.50 with the horizontal

Lettering techniques:
 Select preferable pencil
 Keep the pencils sharp
 Hold the pencil in a comfortable manner. Don’t grasp tightly
 Place your arm and body in a comfortable manner
 Small letters are as wide as they are high
 Capitals J, D, R, F, N, C, G, U, P, B, L, E and H are 5/6 as wide as they high
 Capitals O, Q, S, T, A, K, V, M, X, Y and & are as wide as they high.
 W is wider than it is high.
 Numerals are 5/6 as wide as they are high.
 Letters B, E, F, & H are drawn with the central horizontal element slightly above
the centre.
 Letters k, s, x, z, 2, 3, & 8 are drawn with width of the top half smaller than the
bottom half for good stability.

ASSIGNMENT -01

By: A.U / MED 5

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