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IT Lab Experiments Guide

The IT Lab Experiments Guide provides detailed instructions for installing various operating systems, including Ubuntu and Windows, both on physical machines and virtual machines using VirtualBox or VMware. It also covers essential commands for user access, file management, security, process management, and shell programming in Bash. The guide is structured to facilitate hands-on practice with a variety of commands and programming examples.

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11 views3 pages

IT Lab Experiments Guide

The IT Lab Experiments Guide provides detailed instructions for installing various operating systems, including Ubuntu and Windows, both on physical machines and virtual machines using VirtualBox or VMware. It also covers essential commands for user access, file management, security, process management, and shell programming in Bash. The guide is structured to facilitate hands-on practice with a variety of commands and programming examples.

Uploaded by

sonamraj69001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT Lab Experiments Guide

1. Installation Process of Various Operating Systems


Steps (Example: Ubuntu/Linux):
- Download ISO image from the official site.
- Create a bootable USB using tools like Rufus or BalenaEtcher.
- Restart your system and boot from USB.
- Follow on-screen installation steps: select language, partition, username/password, etc.
Tip: Try installing Windows, Ubuntu, and any lightweight Linux distro (e.g., Lubuntu) for
variety.

2. Installation of Virtual Machine Software & Installing OS


Tools: VirtualBox, VMware Workstation Player
Steps:
- Install VirtualBox or VMware.
- Create a new virtual machine (select OS type and version).
- Assign RAM and create a virtual hard disk.
- Mount the OS ISO file.
- Start VM and follow the OS installation process like on real hardware.

3. Execution of User Access and ID Commands


Commands:
whoami # Show current user
id # Show UID, GID, groups
users # Show logged-in users
adduser NAME # Add user (Debian-based)
useradd NAME # Add user (RedHat-based)
passwd NAME # Set/change password

4. Execution of File and Directory Commands


Commands:
ls # List files
cd # Change directory
pwd # Show current directory
mkdir dir # Create directory
rm file # Remove file
cp src dest # Copy file
mv old new # Rename/move file

5. Execution of Security and Protection Commands


Commands:
chmod 755 file # Set permissions
chown user:group file # Change owner
umask # Default permissions
sudo command # Execute with superuser rights

6. Execution of Process Management and Information Commands


Commands:
ps aux # View all processes
top or htop # Live process monitor
kill PID # Kill process
nice, renice # Change priority
uptime # System uptime/load

7. Execution of Filter, Disk, and Misc Commands


Filter Commands:
grep "text" file # Search text
cut -d ':' -f1 /etc/passwd # Cut fields
sort, uniq, wc, tr # Filter tools

Disk Commands:
df -h # Disk usage
du -sh * # Folder sizes
mount/umount # Mount or unmount drives

Misc Commands:
date, cal, history, alias, uname -a

8. Shell Programming in Bash


Example: Conditional & Loop
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter number:"
read num
if [ $num -gt 10 ]; then
echo "Greater than 10"
else
echo "10 or less"
fi

# Loop
for i in {1..5}; do
echo "Count $i"
done

# Case Statement
echo "Enter choice:"
read val
case $val in
1) echo "Option 1";;
2) echo "Option 2";;
*) echo "Invalid";;
esac

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