Upfc
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rokinisreeroshiniUpfc
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rokinisreeroshiniUnified Power Flow Controller(UPFC)
> The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) concept was
proposed by Gyugyi in 1991
The UPFC was devised for the real-time control a
dynamic compensation of ac AC Transmission systems
The UPFC is able to control, simultaneously or
selectively, all the parameters affecting power flow in
the transmission line (i.e., voltage, impedance, and
phase angle), and this unique capability is signified by
the adjective "unified in its name.
It can independently control both the real and reactive
power flow in the line
UPFC is the interconnected FACTS device of STATCOM
with SSSC
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC)
In the presently used practical implementation, the UPFC consists of two
voltage sourced converters
Transmission line
000
Supply translormer Serles transformer tole
Converter Coverter 2
Measured Va
varlables
Control
Parameter Aet
settings
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC)
These back-to-back converters, labeled "Converter
and "Converter 2" in the figure, are operated fror
common dc link provided by a dc storage capacitor.
As indicated before, this arrangement functions as an
ideal ac-to-ac power converter in which the real power
can freely flow in either direction between the ac
terminals of the two converters, and
Each converter can independently generate (or absorb)
reactive power at its own ac output terminal.
> Converter 2 provides the main function of the UPFC by
injecting a voltage Vpg with controllable magnitude Vpg
and phase anglep in series with the line via an insertion
transformer.
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC) JN.
The transmission line current flows through this voltage sour
resulting in reactive and real power exchange between it anc :
system.
The basic function of Converter 1 is to supply or absorb the real
power demanded by Converter 2 at the common dc link to support
the real power exchange resulting from the series voltage injection
Shunt Converter can also generate or absorb controllable reactive
power, if it is desired, and thereby provide independent shunt
reactive compensation for the line
Thus, Converter 1 can be operated at a unity power factor or be
controlled to have a reactive power exchange with the line
independent of the reactive power exchanged by series Converter
There can be no reactive power flow through the UPFC dc link.
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
(a)
a)Voltage regulation
UPFC can fulfill all these functions and there V:4V
by meet multiple control objectives by
adding the injected voltage Vpq, with
appropriate amplitude and phase angle
Voltage regulation with continuously
variable in-phase/anti-phase voltage
injection, is shown in Figure 8.5(a) for
voltage increments Vpq=^V(p=) 0). (a) Voltage regulation
This is functionally similar to that obtainable
with a transformer tap changer having
infinitely small steps.
Co
Unified Power Flow
b)Series reactive c o m p e n s a t i o n
with the (b)
quadrature
injected in
Where Vpq=Vq is
line current I
series capacitive
Functionally this is similar to
compensation attained by the
and inductive line V-V v / v V
SSSC
injected series compensating voltage can be
The independent of line
kept constant, if desired,
in proportion
current variation, or can be varied
with the line current.
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
c) Phase shifting
" Where Vpq= V¡ is injected with an angular (c)
relationship with respect to that achieves the
desired Vs
" Thus the UPFC can function as a
perfect Phase
Angle Regulator which, as discussed
" Phase shifter can also V- V V/ V.
supply the reactive power
involved with the transmission angle
internal var generation. control by
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
d) Multifunctional Power Flow Control
(O)
Multifunction power flow control, executed by
simultaneous terminal voltage regulation, series
Vog
capacitive line compensation, and phase shifting
" Where Vpg= AV + Vq +Vo.
This functional capability is unique to the UPFC.
No single conventional equipment has similar
multifunctional capability.
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
the UPFC
Power Flow Control Capability of
reactive power transmission versus transmis
real and fig
The
characteristics of the simple two-machine is shown in
angle transmitted power P and the
this figure, the
With reference to by the receiving end, can be
reactive power -jQr supplied
expressed as follows:
P-jQr = Vr((Vs+Vpq-Vr)/|X)*
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
Power FlFlow Control Capability of the UPFC
In compensated system:
QAs. p)=Qot) +Q,40) =l- cos ) -sin(+o)
Transmittable real power Pis controllable between
PAS - s PA5) sPA) +
Reactive power Qr is controllable between
Ql5)
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
Power Flow Control Capability of the UPFC
20
Wes (-0.5)
-10
0.5)
W
-0.5)
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
Power Flow Control Capability of the UPFC
Aphasor diagram, defining the relationship between Vs, V, Vx (the
voltage phasor across X) and the inserted voltage phasor Vpq, with
controllable magnitude(0 sVpg s Vpqmax) and angle (0 s ps 360),
is shown below
The inserted voltage phasor Vpg is added V
to the fixed sending-end voltage phasor
Vs, to produce the effective sending-end
voltage Vseff-Vs+Vq
Unified Power Flow Controller(UPF
Power Flow Control Capability of the UPFC
The rotation of phasor Vpg with angle Ppq Modulates both the
magnitude and angle of phasor /x and, therefore, both the
transmitted real power, P, and the reactive power, Qr,, vary with ppa
in a sinusoidal manner
PO.
PV0)
ost
PO
