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SQL_Function_Types_with_Examples

The document outlines various types of SQL functions, categorized into aggregate, scalar, date, conversion, window, system, and user-defined functions. Examples for each function type are provided, demonstrating their usage in SQL queries. Key functions include COUNT, SUM, UPPER, ABS, NOW, CAST, ROW_NUMBER, USER, and a custom user-defined function for adding numbers.

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SQL_Function_Types_with_Examples

The document outlines various types of SQL functions, categorized into aggregate, scalar, date, conversion, window, system, and user-defined functions. Examples for each function type are provided, demonstrating their usage in SQL queries. Key functions include COUNT, SUM, UPPER, ABS, NOW, CAST, ROW_NUMBER, USER, and a custom user-defined function for adding numbers.

Uploaded by

sankarayaswitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of SQL Functions with Examples

1. Aggregate Functions

- COUNT(): SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;

- SUM(): SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;

- AVG(): SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;

- MIN(): SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;

- MAX(): SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;

2. Scalar Functions

a. String Functions

- UPPER(): SELECT UPPER(name) FROM employees;

- LOWER(): SELECT LOWER(name) FROM employees;

- CONCAT(): SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) FROM employees;

- SUBSTRING(): SELECT SUBSTRING(name, 1, 3) FROM employees;

- LENGTH(): SELECT LENGTH(name) FROM employees;

b. Numeric Functions

- ABS(): SELECT ABS(-15);

- ROUND(): SELECT ROUND(salary, 2) FROM employees;

- CEIL(): SELECT CEIL(4.3);

- FLOOR(): SELECT FLOOR(4.7);

- MOD(): SELECT MOD(10, 3);

c. Date/Time Functions

- NOW(): SELECT NOW();

- DATEADD(): SELECT DATEADD(day, 7, hire_date);

- DATEDIFF(): SELECT DATEDIFF(day, hire_date, GETDATE());

- EXTRACT(): SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM hire_date);


Types of SQL Functions with Examples

3. Date Functions

- CURRENT_DATE: SELECT CURRENT_DATE;

- CURRENT_TIME: SELECT CURRENT_TIME;

- MONTH(): SELECT MONTH(hire_date);

- YEAR(): SELECT YEAR(hire_date);

- DAY(): SELECT DAY(hire_date);

4. Conversion Functions

- CAST(): SELECT CAST(salary AS VARCHAR);

- CONVERT(): SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, salary);

5. Window (Analytic) Functions

- ROW_NUMBER(): SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) FROM employees;

- RANK(): SELECT RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) FROM employees;

- LEAD(): SELECT LEAD(salary, 1) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) FROM employees;

- LAG(): SELECT LAG(salary, 1) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) FROM employees;

6. System Functions

- USER(): SELECT USER();

- SESSION_USER(): SELECT SESSION_USER();

- DATABASE(): SELECT DATABASE();

- VERSION(): SELECT VERSION();

7. User-Defined Functions (UDFs)


Types of SQL Functions with Examples

Custom functions created by users using SQL or procedural extensions like PL/pgSQL or T-SQL.

Example (in PostgreSQL):

CREATE FUNCTION add_numbers(a INT, b INT) RETURNS INT AS $$

BEGIN

RETURN a + b;

END;

$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

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