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Batch 29 Linux Basics

The document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, highlighting its open-source nature compared to Windows, and categorizing Linux into three major families: Red Hat, OpenSUSE, and Debian. It explains the structural differences between Linux and Windows file systems, emphasizing the use of forward slashes and directories in Linux. Additionally, it covers basic usage of the command line interface in Linux, including essential commands and application installation processes.

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4 views2 pages

Batch 29 Linux Basics

The document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, highlighting its open-source nature compared to Windows, and categorizing Linux into three major families: Red Hat, OpenSUSE, and Debian. It explains the structural differences between Linux and Windows file systems, emphasizing the use of forward slashes and directories in Linux. Additionally, it covers basic usage of the command line interface in Linux, including essential commands and application installation processes.

Uploaded by

njokuchikwado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1) Linux Family – 3 major

what is linux (like windows os)


Linux is open source - windows is closed source.
Closed source? Open source?
Windows has different versions of OS-
Windows 10,11 like Debian
Windows server edition like Redhat
Windows phone OS
Windows IoT edition (ARM)
Linux branches or Family – Redhat family, OpenSUSE family and Debian family
a. Red hat – CentOS, Fedora
RedHat is used mostly in Enterprise. YUM package manager

b. Suse – Open SUSE


Zypper package manager. YAST system admin tool. Retail sectors

c. Debian – Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Kali linux


Strong focus on stability, more sw support, APT package manager, more
used in cloud deployments, GNOME GUI visual scheme

2) Structure of Linux
Windows uses backslash whereas Linux uses forward slash.
Windows uses drive letters, Linux uses directories or folders instead of drives.

In windows -
This PC
C D E F
In Linux
/ folder (root)
/bin /etc /tmp /root (root user) /home /kali (normal)

In windows you have "this pc"


In kalilinux you have "file system" or the “/ folder (root)”

Windows = This PC -> C (C:/Users) / rakesh / desktop, documents..


Linux = File system -> /home (like C:/Users) / rakesh/ desktop, documents...

Windows - C:\Users\Admin\Downloads (back slash)


Linux - /home/kali/Downloads/ (forward slash)

In windows, c: program files = software installation


In Linux = /usr folder. Likewise different folders for diff purpose

Windows OS - C:\Windows Linux os - not defined


Softwares - C:\Program files softwares - /usr
User files - C:\Users user files - /home
Temp - C:\Windows\temp temp - /tmp

3) Usage basics
a. CLI – Command Line Interface is used to type commands rather than interact with
the user interface. In windows you have command prompt the black screen and in
linux you call it as terminal.

b. Some terminal commands you should know,

pwd uname with –a, -r


ls clear
cd exit
up arrow cp
Tab mv
nano ip a or ifconfig
chmod ping
c. Opening a notepad in Kali Linux –
2 ways,
1) Right click and choose create document and save the file as text file or
2) Open terminal (ie Linux command prompt) and type “nano (space)
filename.txt to open, type the contents and press Ctrl + X to exit

d. In Windows, you call “Administrator” whereas in Linux you say “root user”. You
enable root user by typing “sudo”.

e. Installation of applications involve downloading the correct .deb file and running
terminal (black screen) and using the command “sudo apt install ./filename.deb”.
Demo with Google Chrome.

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
or download the latest .deb file from Chrome website
sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

Uninstallation -> sudo dpkg --remove google-chrome-stable

f. Application extensions -> In windows - filename.exe


In Linux (Debian family) - filename.deb
In mac - filename.dmg

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