EEE 185 MODERN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SPRING 2025

Instructor : Dr. Preetham B. Kumar

Website : https://www.csus.edu/faculty/k/preetham.kumar/
Class schedule: Tues: 1.30 – 2.45 pm, Library 127
Thurs: Zoom link: https://csus.zoom.us/j/83316871457
Office hours: M/W/F: 10 - 11 am
https://csus.zoom.us/j/867091331
Telephone : 916-278-7949
E-mail : [email protected]

Prescribed Text : Communications System Laboratory by B.P. Kumar,

CRC Press, 2015.
References: Student Edition of MATLAB/SIMULINK, The Mathworks.

Course Grading

Midterm I : 20%
Midterm II: 20 %
Final Exam: 40 % (comprehensive)
Homework: 20% (every two weeks)

2 double-sided pages of notes are allowed for midterms

4 double-sided pages of notes for final.
Class Schedule for SPRING 2025

WEEK BEGINNING TOPICS CHAPTER

_________________________________________________________________________
1 01/21/25 Introduction and analysis of signals 1,2.1-2.3

2 01/28/25 Analysis of communication systems 2.4 -2.8

3,4 02/04/25 Amplitude Modulation 3.1

5 02/20/25 Midterm I review

02/25/25 Midterm I

6 02/27/25 Angle Modulation 3.2, 3.3

7 03/04/25 Noise in modulation circuits 3.4

8 03/11/25 Pulse Code Modulation 4.1
9 03/18/25 Digital Modulation 4.2, 4.3
10 03/25/25 Third generation Spread Spectrum systems 5.1-5.4
11 03/31/25 SPRING BREAK
12 04/08/25 Midterm II review
04/15/25 Midterm II
13,14 04/17/25 Communication system capacity 6.1-6.5
15 04/29/25 Long/short range communication networks 7.1-7.4
16 05/06/25 Review
05/15/25 Final exam: 12.45 – 2.45 pm
 MATLAB COMMANDS AND TOOLBOXES

System operating commands

PC based MATLAB can be opened by clicking on the MATLAB icon. The MATLAB prompt is

>>, which indicates that commands can be started, either line by line, or by running a stored

program. A complete program, consisting of a set of commands, can be stored in a MATLAB

file for repeated use as follows:

(a) Open a file in any text editor ( either in MATLAB or Word/Notepad/Wordpad), and write

the program.

(b) After writing the program, save it as a filename.m file.

(c) To run the program, click on the Run arrow, or type the filename after the prompt:

>> filename

The program will run, and the results/error messages, if any, will be displayed on the screen.

Plots will appear on a new screen.

I. NUMBERS

Generation of numbers

Example: Generate the real numbers z1 = 3, z2 = 4.

>> z1 = 3

>> z2 = 4

Example: Generate the complex numbers z1 = 3+j4, z2 = 4+j 5

>> z1 = 3+4j

>> z2 = 4+5j
Note: The symbol i can be used instead of j to represent √-1.
Example: Find the magnitude and phase of the complex number 3+j*4

>> z = 3+j*4

>> zm = abs(z) ; gives the magnitude of z

>> zp = angle(z) ; gives the phase of z in radians

Addition or Subtraction of Numbers (real or complex)

>> z = z1 + z2 ; addition

>> z = z1 - z2 ; subtraction

Multiplication or Division of Numbers (real or complex)

>> z = z1*z2 ; multiplication

>> z = z1/z2 ; division

II. VECTORS

Generation of vectors

Example: Generate the vectors x = [1 3 5] and y = [ 2 0 4 5 6]

>> x = [1 3 5] ; generates the vector of length 3

>> y = [2 0 4 5 6] ; generates the vector of length 5

Addition or Subtraction of Vectors x and y of same length

>> z = x+ y ; addition

>> z = x - y ; subtraction

Multiplication or Division of Vectors x and y of same length

>> z = x. * y ; multiplication

>> z = x. / y ; division

Note: The dot after x is necessary since x is a vector and not a number.
MATLAB TOOLBOXES

MATLAB commands are divided into different toolboxes depending on the applications.

Various toolboxes developed by MATLAB include:

Communication Toolbox
Image Processing Toolbox
Signal Processing Toolbox
Controls Toolbox
Spline Toolbox
Neural Network Toolbox
Nonlinear Control Design Toolbox
Statistics Toolbox
Optimization Toolbox
Symbolic Math Toolbox
Partial Differential Equation Toolbox
PROGRAMMING WITH VECTORS

Programs involving vectors can be written using either FOR LOOPS or VECTOR commands.

Since MATLAB is basically a vector based program, it is often more efficient to write programs

using VECTOR commands. However, FOR LOOPS give a clearer understanding of the

program, especially for the beginner:

Example: Sum the following series:

S = 1 + 3 + 5 . . . . . . .99.
FOR LOOP approach

>> S = 0.0; ; initializes the sum to zero

>> for i = 1 : 2 : 99;

S = S + i;

end;

>> S ; gives the value of the sum

VECTOR approach

>> i =1: 2 : 99; ; creates the vector i

>> S = sum ( i ); ; obtains the sum S

Example: Generate the discrete-time signal y(n) = n sin(n/2) in the interval 0  n  10.

FOR LOOP approach

>> for n = 1:1: 11;

n1 = n – 1;

y(n) = n1 * sin(pi*n1/2);

end;
>> y ; gives the vector y

>> n = 0:1:10; ; generates the vector n

>> stem(n,y); ; plots the signal y vs. n with impulses

VECTOR approach
>> n = 0 : 10; ; creates the vector n

>> y = n.*sin(pi*n/2); ; obtains the vector y

>> stem(n,y) ; plots the signal y vs. n with impulses

 SIMULINK COMMANDS AND EXAMPLES

After logging into MATLAB, you will receive the prompt >>. In order to open up SIMULINK,

either click on the SIMULINK icon or type in the following:

>> simulink

GENERAL SIMULINK OPERATIONS

Two windows will open up: the model window and the library window. The model window

is the space utilized for creating your simulation model. In order to create the model of the

system, components will have to be taken from the library using the computer mouse, and

inserted into the model window.

If you browse the library window, the following sections will be seen. Each section can be

accessed by clicking on it.

 Sources - This section consists of different signal sources such as sinusoidal, triangular,

pulse, random or files containing audio or video signals.

 Sinks - This section consists of measuring instruments such as scopes and displays

 Linear - This section consists linear components performing operations like summing,

integration, product.

 Nonlinear - Nonlinear operations

 Connections - Multiplexers, Demultiplexers

 Toolboxes - These specify different areas of SIMULINK

 Communications

 DSP

 Neural Nets

 Simulation Extras
EDITING, RUNNING AND SAVING SIMULINK FILES

The complete system is created in the model window by utilizing components from the various

available libraries. Once a complete model is created, save the model into a file. Click on

Simulation and select Run. The simulation will run, and the output plots can be displayed by

clicking on the appropriate sinks. Save the output plots also into files. The model and output

files can be printed out from the files.

DEMO FILES

Try out the demo files, both in the main library window, and in the Toolboxes window. There

are several illustrative demonstration files in the areas if signal processing, image processing

and communications.

Simulation and graphical display of continuous-time signals and systems

Continuous-time system

Time scope
Analog signal

x(t) = A sin(t)

+
Time scope
Pseudo-random noise

n(t)

Time scope

Run the simulation for sinusoidal signal, x (t), amplitude of 5 Volts and frequency  = 10 rad./s.

The signal n(t) is a pseudo-random noise with maximum amplitude of 0.5 volts.
Observe the combined signal on the time scope, and familiarize yourself with the settings.

(b) Try changing the sinusoidal signal amplitude (2V, 10V), and frequency (20 rad./s, 50

rad./s), and observe the output on the time scope.

Discrete-time system

x(n) y(n)
+
2
z/(z +z-0.3)

0.4 z-1

(a) Observe the output signal on the time scope, for an input periodic pulse generator having the

following parameters: Pulse amplitude 1 V, Pulse period 2 seconds and pulse width of 1 second.

(b) Try changing the input signal amplitude (2 V, 3V) and pulse width (0.5, 1.5 sec.), and

observe on the time scope.