B.E / B.Tech.

PRACTICAL END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2020

Seventh Semester

EE8711 - Power System Simulation Laboratory

(Regulations 2017)

Time : 3 Hours Answer any one Question Max. Marks 100

Aim/Principle/Apparatus Tabulation/Circuit/ Calculation Viva-Voce Record Total

required/Procedure Program/Drawing & Results
20 30 30 10 10 100

1. Two wires of single phase transmission line are separated by 3m. The radius of each
conductor is 0.02m. Find the inductance and capacitance of each conductor?

2. Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase of a 3-phase transmission line in fig.
Diameter of the conductors is 2.5 cm. Assume the line is transposed

3. Find the inductance and capacitance per phase of a double circuit, three phase system as shown
in fig. The conductor radius is 2.5cm

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 4. A three phase, 60 Hz, 40 km long overhead line supplies a load of 381 MVA at 220
kV, 0.8 pf lagging. The line resistance is 0.15 Ω per phase per km and line inductance is
1.3263 mH per phase per km. Calculate the receiving end voltage, receiving end
current, voltage regulation and efficiency of transmission.

5. A 3-phase, 100 km transmission line is delivering 50 MW, 0.8 pf lagging at

132 kV. Each conductor is having resistance 0.1 ohm/km, reactance
0.3 ohm/km and admittance 3*10-6 mho/km. If the load is balanced and leakage is
neglected, calculate the sending end voltage, sending end PF, efficiency and regulation
of the line using nominal π representations.

6. A 50 Hz, 400 kV transmission line is 450 km long and having following distributed
parameters.
r = 0.033 ohm/km, L=1.067 mH/km, C=0.0109 µF/km.
It is delivering 420 MW power at 0.95 lagging. Neglecting the leakage conductance, calculate(a) Voltage
at sending end (b) Current (c) Sending end PF (d) Regulation of line (e) Efficiency

To develop a MATLAB program to analyze the performance of short, medium and

long transmission lines by suitably modeling it.

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 7. To develop a ‘MATLAB’ program to form Bus admittance matrix “Y” of a given power network
BASE MVA =100; No of buses – 6; No of lines -5; Transformers -2; Shunt Capacitors -2

Transmission line data:

Line Send Receive Bus Resistance Reactance Half line charging

ID Bus No p.u. p.u suceptance p.u

1 1 6 0.123 0.518 0.0

2 1 4 0.08 0.370 0.08
3 4 6 0.087 0.407 0.0
4 5 2 0.282 0.64 0.09
5 2 3 0.723 1.05 0.0

Transformer data sending bus of a transformer should be at tap side.

Transformer Send Bus Receive Bus Resistance Reactance Tap Ratio

ID No No No p.u. p.u.
1 6 5 0.0 0.3 0.98
2 4 3 0.0 0.133 0.99

Shunt Element data :

Shunt ID Bus ID Rated Capacity MVAR(*)

1 4 2.0
2 6 2.5

8. For the 3-bus network shown in fig , build ZBUS\

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9. To write a MATLAB program for determine the economic generation schedules of three
generating units in a power system to meet the system load of 850 MW, using direct
method. The data of the generating units are given below.

Fuel cost function (In Rs/hr) for three thermal units are given by,, F1(P1) =

0.001562 P 2 + 7.92 P1 1+ 561

F2(P2) = 0.00194 P 2 +2 7.85 P2 + 310
F3(P3) = 0.00482 P 2 +3 7.97 P3 + 78
Operating limits:

150MW  PG1  600MW

100MW  PG2  400MW
50MW  PG3  200MW
10. To write a MATLAB program for determine the\ fuel cost functions (In Rs/hr) for three thermal
units are given by,

F1(P1) = 0.004 P 2 +1 5.3 P1 + 500

F2(P2) = 0.006 P 2 +2 5.5 P2 + 400
F3(P3) = 0.009 P 2 +3 5.8 P3 + 200
Where P1, P2 and P3 are in MW. The total load is 800 MW. Neglecting line losses
and generator limits, find the optimal dispatch and total cost by Lambda iteration
method.

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11. For the three bus system shown in figure the relevant per unit line admittances on 100 MVA
base are indicated on the diagram. Form bus admittance matrix and determine the voltage at
bus 2 and bus 3 after the second iteration using Gauss Siedel method. Assume acceleration
factor as 1.6. Use available software and print the output of the load flow problem. Using the
voltage solution of the converged power flow obtained from the available program compute
the sending end and receiving end line flow in each of the transmission line. Solve the power
flow problem using the available program for different value of acceleration factors and plot
the convergence characteristics.

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 12. Fig. shows a single line diagram of a 5 bus system with two generating units, seven
lines. Per unit transmission line series impedances and shunt susceptances are given on
100 MVA base in Table 1. Real power generation, real and reactive power loads in
MW and MVAR are given in Table 2. With bus 1 as slack bus, use the following
methods to obtain a load flow solution. Gauss – Seidal using Y bus, with acceleration
factors of 1.4 and tolerances of 0.0001 and 0.0001 pu for the real and imaginary
components of voltage.
Assume the base voltage for the bus as 220 kV and system frequency as 60 Hz.

Impedances and line charging for the sample system

Table 1
Bus code Impedance Line charging
From - To R + jX B/2
1-2 0.02 + j0.6 0.0 + j0.030
1–3 0.08+ j0.24 0.0 + j0.025
2–3 0.06+ j0.18 0.0 + j0.02
2- 4 0.06+ j0.18 0.0 + j0.02
2- 5 0.04+ j0.12 0.0 + j0.015
3- 4 0.01+ j0.03 0.0 + j0.01
4- 5 0.08+ j0.24 0.0 + j0.025
Generation, loads and bus voltages for sample system

Table 2
Generation Generation Load Load
Bus No Bus Voltage
MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 1.06 + j0.0 0 0 0 0
2 1.00+ j0.0 40 30 20 10
3 1.00+ j0.0 0 0 45 15
4 1.00+ j0.0 0 0 40 5
5 1.00+ j0.0 0 0 60 10

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13. An isolated power station has the following parameters.

Turbine time constant = 0.5 sec.

Governor time constant = 0.2 sec. Generator
inertia constant, H = 5 sec. Governor Speed
regulation, R = 0.05 pu.

The load varies by 0.8 % for a 1 percent change in frequency, i.e., D = 0.8. The turbine
rated output is 250 MW at nominal frequency of 60 Hz. A sudden load change of 50
MW (∆PL = 0.2 pu) occurs. Find Steady state frequency deviation in Hz.Plot the time
response of frequency deviation in Hz and change in turbine power.
14. A two area system connected by a tie line has the following parameters on a 1000
MVA common base.

Area 1 2
Speed regulation, R 0.05 0.0625
Freq – sens. Load co-eff, D 0.6 0.9
Inertia constant, H 5 4
Base power 1000 MVA 1000 MVA
Governor time constant, TH 0.2 sec 0.3 sec
Turbine time constant, TT 0.5 sec 0.6 sec

The units are operating in parallel at the nominal frequency of 60 Hz. The
synchronizing power coefficient is computed from the initial operating condition and is
given to be Ps = 2 pu. A load change of 187.5 MW occurs in area 1. Find Steady state
frequency deviation in Hz. Plot the time response of frequency deviation in Hz and
change in turbine power.

15. Fig. shows the one-line diagram of a simple three bus power system with generators
at buses 1 and 3. The magnitude of voltages at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 pu. Voltage
magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 pu with a real power generation of 200 MW. A
load consisting of 400 MW and 250 Mvar is taken from bus 2. Line impedances are
marked in pu on a 100 MVA base, and the line charging susceptances are neglected.
Obtain the power flow solution by, Gauss-Seidal method.

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16. Fig. shows the one-line diagram of a simple three bus power system with generators
at buses 1 and 3. The magnitude of voltages at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 pu. Voltage
magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 pu with a real power generation of 200 MW. A
load consisting of 400 MW and 250 Mvar is taken from bus 2. Line impedances are
marked in pu on a 100 MVA base, and the line charging susceptances are neglected.
Obtain the power flow solution by, Newton Raphson method

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17. The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in fig. The neutral of each
generator is grounded through a current limiting reactor of 0.25 / 3 pu on a 100 MVA
base. The system data expressed in pu on a common 100 MVA base is tabulated
below. The generators are running on no-load at their rated voltage and rated
frequency with their emfs in phase.

Determine the fault current for the following faults.

(i) A balanced three phase fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Z f = j 0.1 pu.
(ii) A single line to ground fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Z f = j0.10 pu

Item Base MVA Voltage Rating X1 X2 X0

G1 100 20 kV 0.15 0.15 0.05
G2 100 20 kV 0.15 0.15 0.05
T1 100 20 / 220 kV 0.10 0.10 0.10
T2 100 20 / 220 kV 0.10 0.10 0.10
L12 100 220 kV 0.125 0.125 0.30
L13 100 220 kV 0.15 0.15 0.35
L23 100 220 kV 0.25 0.25 0.7125

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 18. The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in fig. The neutral of each
generator is grounded through a current limiting reactor of 0.25 / 3 pu on a 100 MVA
base. The system data expressed in pu on a common 100 MVA base is tabulated
below. The generators are running on no-load at their rated voltage and rated
frequency with their emfs in phase.

Determine the fault current for the following faults.

(i) A line to line fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Zf = j0.1 pu.
(ii) A double line to ground fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Z f = j0.1 pu

Item Base MVA Voltage Rating X1 X2 X0

G1 100 20 kV 0.15 0.15 0.05
G2 100 20 kV 0.15 0.15 0.05
T1 100 20 / 220 kV 0.10 0.10 0.10
T2 100 20 / 220 kV 0.10 0.10 0.10
L12 100 220 kV 0.125 0.125 0.30
L13 100 220 kV 0.15 0.15 0.35
L23 100 220 kV 0.25 0.25 0.7125

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19. A 60 Hz synchronous generator having inertia constant H = 5 MJ/MVA and a direct axis
reactance Xd’=0.3 pu is connected to an infinite bus through a purely reactive circuit as
shown in Fig. reactances are marked on the diagram on a common scale. The
generator is delivering real power Pe = 0.8 pu and Q = 0.074 pu to the infinite bus at a
voltage of V = 1 pu.

If a three phase fault at the middle of one line is cleared by isolating the faulted circuit.
Determine the critical clearing time and the critical clearing angle

20. The production of steel in the United States between 1946 and 1956 was 66.6, 84.9, 88.6, 78.0,
96.8, 105.2, 93.2, 111.6, 88.3, 117.0, and 115.2milliontons [Sor80].
Find the least squares fit to these data (1) a plot of the original data along with the least squares
curve; (2) the RMS error of the least squares curve; (3) the prediction of steel production in
1957.

21. Prepare the data for the network shown figure and run EMTP using suitable software. Obtain
the plots of source voltage, load bus and load current following the energization of a single –
phase load. Comment on the results. Double the source inductance and obtain the plots of the
variables mentioned earlier. Comment on the effect of doubling the source inductance Assume
the suitable values energization of a single phase 0.95pf load from a non ideal source and a
more realistic line representation (lumped R, L,C)

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