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Lecture1 FileOrganization

The document provides an overview of file organization, emphasizing the importance of data organization and methods of access for efficient file management. It discusses various aspects of file systems, including file attributes, operations such as creating, reading, and deleting files, and the significance of backing up data. Additionally, it highlights the structure of file systems and their role in managing information storage and retrieval.

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abdonasr1998
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6 views19 pages

Lecture1 FileOrganization

The document provides an overview of file organization, emphasizing the importance of data organization and methods of access for efficient file management. It discusses various aspects of file systems, including file attributes, operations such as creating, reading, and deleting files, and the significance of backing up data. Additionally, it highlights the structure of file systems and their role in managing information storage and retrieval.

Uploaded by

abdonasr1998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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File Organization and Processing

Lecture 1

Introduction – File Organization

Mohamed Mead
Introduction

File organization means the way data is stored


so that it can be retrieved when needed.

Two important characteristics of files


are Data Organization and Method of Access.
Introduction

Data organization, refers to the way the


records of the file are organized on the
backing storage device.

Method of access, The techniques used to find

and retrieve stored records are called.


GOALS OF FILE ORGANIZATION

1. To give ease of creation and maintenance of


database in terms of file organization.

2. To create an efficient way of storing and


retrieving information from file system.
Introduction

Windows stores files in a flexible hierarchy


with three basic levels
Storage Media

Hard drive

External hard drive

USB flash

CD/CDRW

DVD/DVD-RW
Working with Folders

Folders are electronic locations to store groups


of related files

Create new folders at any time whenever


you need them

Windows automatically creates a Documents


folder
Naming Files and Folders
 Use meaningful, easily recognizable file and folder names
2008-budget-proposal.xlsx
Brown Act.docx
ABC-conf-May08.pptx
 Special considerations
Dates
Underscores
Spaces
Backing up

Creating a duplicate of your files and folders


on another storage device to protect data from
loss.
File Attributes
A file is defined by a set of attributes that vary from one
operating system to another. Typical attributes are:

Name – for the convenience of the human users

Type – to indicate the type of operations that can be done


on the file (included in the name as an extension)
File Attributes
Location – pointer to file location on device

Size – current file size

Protection – controls who can do reading, writing,


executing, and so on Time, date, and user identification –
data useful for protection, security, and usage monitoring
Common File Types
File Operations
 Creating a file. Two steps are necessary to create a file.
 First, space in the file system must be found for the
 Second, an entry for the new file must be made in the directory.

 Writing a file. To write a file, we make a system call specifying


both the name of the file and the information to be written to
the file.
 Given the name of the file, the system searches the directory
to find the file’s location.
File Operations
Reading a file. To read from a file, we use a system call
that specifies the name of the file and where (in memory)
the next block of the file should be put.

Deleting a file. To delete a file, we search the directory


for the named file. Having found the associated directory
entry, we release all file space, so that it can be reused
by other files, and erase the directory entry.
File Operations
Truncating a file. The user may want to erase the
contents of a file but keep its attributes.

This function allows all attributes to remain unchanged—


except for file length—but lets the file be reset to length
zero and its file space released

File types also can be used to indicate the internal


structure of the file.
Directory and Disk Structure
Files are stored on random-access storage devices,
including hard disks, optical disks, and solid-state (memory-
based) disks.

a disk can be partitioned into quarters, and each quarter


can hold a separate file system.
File Systems

A file system is used to control how


information is stored and retrieved.

 Without a file system, information placed in a


storage area would be one large body of
information with no way to tell where one piece
of information stops and the next begins.
File Systems
By separating the information into individual pieces,
and giving each piece a name, the information is
easily separated and identified.

 each piece of information is called a "file". The


structure and logic rules used to manage the groups
of information and their names is called a "file
system".
File Systems

the file system is the most visible aspect of an


operating system as it provides the mechanism
for storage and access to both data and
programs of the operating system

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