2019-2020

CLASS V 3D PRINTING COURSE CURRICULUM

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Designed by | Srabana Chatterjee (STEM Educator)

Shatabdi Roy Chowdhury (SENIOR Educator)
 3D PRINTING COURSE CURRICULUM
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3D PRINTING
CURRICULUM
CLASS V

CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. Codesblocks : Introduction................................................................................3-6
2. Codesblocks : Tea Light Holder Design..............................................................7
3. Codesblocks : Basket Design.............................................................................8-9
4. Codesblocks : Fidget Spinner Design..................................................................10-11
5. Basic Electronics and Circuits : Introduction.....................................................12-27
6. Circuit with Breadboard : Turn on LED................................................................28-32
7. Arduino Uno : Introduction..................................................................................33-36
8. Arduino Uno : LED Blinking and fading................................................................37-39
9. Arduino Uno : Servo Motor..................................................................................40-43
10. KEVA Structures....................................................................................................44-49
11. Project 1 : Skull , Brain , Spinal Cord...................................................................50-51
12. Project 2 : Inventions, Discoveries.....................................................................52-59
13. Project 3 : Forest................................................................................................60-62
14. Project 4 : Igloo...................................................................................................63-67
15. Assessment.........................................................................................................68
16. Best Design Competition....................................................................................69

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N.B. : Mapped with Curriculum
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WEEK 1 : 3D DESIGN & 3D PRINTING
CODEBLOCKS Introduction

Codeblocks is a new beta addition to Tinkercad. It’s allows the creation of 3D designs using visual
programming. Codeblocks includes the creation and use of variables. Values of variables can be
changed to easily create designs of different sizes.

Starters are examples of 3-D designs created using codeblocks. These are useful for learning how
to use codeblocks. Your Code shows designs that you created or modified using codeblocks.

Click on the “New Design” button at the top-right. The codeblocks development environment
appears.

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Drag the Box shape into the middle section and click on its arrow key (at its right edge) to expand
it. Press the Run button to see the red box on a Tinkercad workplane.

The general procedure is to make changes in a codeblock (such as the Add shape above) and press
the Run button to see these changes rendered on the workplane.
Press the red circle to change the color of the box.
The gray-white button makes the box a “hole” (more on this below).
The directional arrow is a toggle to expand/collapse the codeblock’s variables and values.
Replace the number zero in the Edge container and click on the Run button to see rounded edges on
the box.

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When a shape is added to the workplane, it’s center is placed at X=0, Y=0, 2019-2
Z=0.

We have changed the color of the box, pressed the Run button and zoomed in to get the view below:

The coordinates icon is placed at the center point (X=0, Y=0, and Z=0) of the box shape. The X-
axis (Width) is red, the Y-axis (Length) is green, and the Z-axis (Height) is blue. Note that half of
the shape is below the workplane.

How can we make a round hole in top of the box?

Drag the Cylinder codeblock so that it snaps to the bottom of the Box
codeblock. Expand it and set its Radius to 6.
Press the Run button.
I clicked-dragged the View-Cube (in the upper left) to get:

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The box and the cylinder are aligned at their centers in the X, Y, and Z planes.
Make the Cylinder a hole by clicking by clicking on its gray/white striped icon.

We want to use the Create Group codeblock. To see the Modify codeblocks, click on the Modify
button in the leftmost column (as shown below).
Drag the Create Group codeblock, so that it snaps into the bottom of the Cylinder codeblock
as shown below.
Since the Cylinder is a hole, it will be subtracted from the Box, when the Create Group codeblock is
executed.
Click on the multicolor icon to choose the color of the resulting object. We have chosen
red. Press the Run button.

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WEEK 2

Topic Index : CODEBLOCKS : Tealight Holder Design

Objective : To design tealight holder .

Description : A type of holder for tealight candles created and designed in various colors,
materials, sizes and styles and used for various purposes. A tealight (also tea-light, tea lites or tea
light, tea candles, t-lite or tcandles), or nightlight, is a candle in a thin metal or plastic cup so that
the candle can liquefy completely while lit. They are typically small, circular, wider than their
height and inexpensive. Because of their small size and low level of light, multiple tealights are
often burned simultaneously.
Tealights derive their name from their use in teapot warmers, but are also used as food warmers in
general, e.g. fondue. They are a popular choice for votive candles. They are also suitable for accent
lighting and for heating scented oil. Tealights may be set afloat on water for decorative effect.
Picture View :

Tools Used:

1. Move
2. Add
3. Set Variable

Learning Outcome :

1. Understanding the working of tealight holder.

2. Overview of basic code for writing program. Here the program is defined by combining
the code blocks in the same way we would combine building blocks.
3. Learning of creating a computer program with the help of blocks that includes a loop.

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WEEK 3
**
Topic Index : CODEBLOCKS : Basket Design

Objective : To design Basket and understand the function of basket.

Description : Basket is a a container usually made by weaving together materials (as

reeds, straw, or strips of wood). It is basically the quantity contained in a basket.

A basket is a stiff container that is used for carrying or storing objects. Baskets are made
from thin strips of materials such as straw, plastic, or wire woven together.

Raw Materials

Raw materials include a wide range of plant fibers including roots, cane, twigs, and grasses; reeds,
raffia, and basket willows may be the best known. Concentrated cloth dyes are also used in some
types of manufacture, and vegetable dyes are sometimes made by hobbyists to reproduce unique
colorations imitating historic baskets. Wood is also used for some designs, particularly when the
type of basket needs a solid bottom and for some types of handles. Other than raw materials, the
basket maker needs tools like saws, awls, planes, knives, and beaters for hammering or bending
pieces of willow. A tub is required for soaking fibers. If coiled baskets are to be made, sewing tools
like blunt tapestry needles and thread are required. The manufacturer also needs patterns or designs.
For the hobbyist, many of these items can be purchased in basket-making kits.

There are three types of weaving to create a basket: coiling, twining and plaiting.

Coiled

Coiling basket-weaving involves stitching coils of grass together. The grasses are coiled first. Then,
the coils are stitched together. As the coils are stitched together, they are arranged to create a
basket. This method of basket-weaving is ideal for soft materials such as grass because of the
manipulation necessary to create the coils. Harder materials such as bark will crack, splinter, or
break if coiled.

Twined

Twining is a method used by more advanced weavers. Twine baskets use three strands of material
to weave a basket. The base of the basket, also called ribs, is made with a harder material such as
cedar bark. Two softer materials such as day lilies are woven in opposite directions up and over the

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basket's ribs. Having to weave two materials in different directions is what makes this a more
advanced weaving technique.

"Plaiting" basketry

Plaiting is simply layering material over and under other pieces. It is the simplest type of weaving
and is often done in grade school art classes. A plaited basket can usually be finished in an
afternoon.It is done by using materials that are wide and braidlike: palms, yucca or New Zealand
flax.
.
Picture View :

Tools Used :

1. Loop
2.Basic Shape
3.Rotate
4. Create Variable

Learning Outcome:

1. Understanding the importance of Basket.

2. Overview of basic code for writing program. Here the program is defined by
combining the code blocks in the same way we would combine building blocks.
3. Learning of creating a computer program with the help of blocks that includes
a loop.

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WEEK 4

Topic Index : CODEBLOCKS : Fidget Spinner Design

Objective : To design a Fidget Spinner by the 3D Software.

Description :A fidget spinner is a toy that consists of a ball bearing in the center of a multi-lobed
(typically two or three) flat structure made from metal or plastic designed to spin along its axis
with little effort. Fidget spinners became popular toys in 2017, although similar devices had been
invented as early as 1993.

The toy has been promoted as helping people who have trouble focusing or those who fidget to
relieve nervous energy, anxiety, or psychological stress. There are claims that a fidget spinner can
help calm down people who have anxiety and other neurological disorders like ADHD and autism.
However, as of May 2017, there is no scientific evidence that they are effective as a treatment for
ADHD.
The fidget spinner is a palm-sized toy that spins around a bearing to help people who have trouble
focusing or often find themselves fidgeting, especially with their hands.
Where does fidget spinner come from?
The fidget spinner is a palm-sized toy that spins around a bearing to help people who have trouble
focusing or often find themselves fidgeting, especially with their hands.

Fidget spinners became a toy craze in 2016–17. Some major news outlets credited their invention to
Catherine Hettinger, who invented a stress-relieving spinning toy in 1993, whose 1997 patent
expired in 2005. Patent disputes followed, centered on the fact that Hettinger’s toy features a
different mechanism than the ones in the popular fidget spinners.

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Picture View :

Tools Used:

1. Create Variable
2. Move
3. Add
4. Loop
5. Repeat

Learning Outcome:
1. Understanding the importance of Fidget spinner.
2. Designing and Building of Fidget Spinner.
3. Overview of basic code for writing program. Here the program is defined by combining
the code blocks in the same way we would combine building blocks.
4. Learning of creating a Pattern by making the structure of Fidget Spinner.

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WEEK 5
Topic Index : Basic Electronics and Circuits : Introduction
Introduction:
Electronics is the branch of science that deals with the study of flow and control of electrons
(electricity) and the study of their behavior and effects in vacuums, gases, and semiconductors, and
with devices using such electrons. This control of electrons is accomplished by devices that resist,
carry, select, steer, switch, store, manipulate, and exploit the electron.

Some of the basic electrical units and definitions are mentioned below:

Passive: Components incapable of controlling current by means of another electrical signal.

Typical passive components are resistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes (although the latter are a
special case).

Active: An active device is any type of circuit component with the ability to electrically
control electron flow. Includes transistors (all types), integrated circuits (all types), TRIACs,
SCRs, RELAYs, etc.

DC: Direct Current. The electrons flow in one direction only. Current flow is from negative to
positive, although it is often more convenient to think of it as from positive to negative. This is
sometimes referred to as "conventional" current as opposed to electron flow.

AC: Alternating Current. The electrons flow in both directions in a cyclic manner - first one way,
then the other. The rate of change of direction determines the frequency, measured in Hertz (cycles
per second).

Frequency: Unit is Hertz, Symbol is Hz, old symbol was cps (cycles per second). A complete
cycle is completed when the AC signal has gone from zero volts to one extreme, back through zero
volts to the opposite extreme, and returned to zero. The accepted audio range is from 20Hz to
20,000Hz. The number of times the signal completes a complete cycle in one second is the
frequency.

Voltage: Unit is Volts, Symbol is V or U, old symbol was E . Voltage is the "pressure" of
electricity, or "electromotive force" (hence the old term E). A 9V battery has a voltage of 9V DC,
and may be positive or negative depending on the terminal that is used as the reference. The mains
has a voltage of 220, 240 or 110V depending where you live - this is AC, and alternates between
positive and negative values. Voltage is also commonly measured in millivolts (mV), and 1,000
mV is 1V. Microvolts (uV) and nanovolts (nV) are also used.

Current: Unit is Amperes (Amps), Symbol is I . Current is the flow of electricity (electrons). No
current flows between the terminals of a battery or other voltage supply unless a load is connected.
The magnitude of the current is determined by the available voltage, and the resistance (or
impedance) of the load and the power source. Current can be AC or DC, positive or negative,

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depending upon the reference. For electronics, current may also be measured in mA (milliamps) -
1,000 mA is 1A. Nanoamps (nA) are also used in some cases.

Resistance: Unit is Ohms, Symbol is R or Ω . Resistance is a measure of how easily (or with what
difficulty) electrons will flow through the device. Copper wire has a very low resistance, so a small
voltage will allow a large current to flow. Likewise, the plastic insulation has a very high
resistance, and prevents current from flowing from one wire to those adjacent. Resistors have a
defined resistance, so the current can be calculated for any voltage. Resistance in passive devices is
always positive (i.e. > 0)

Electric Circuit
An electronic circuit is composed of various types of components. Some of these components are
termed as active components because they take part in the transformation of the energy while other
components, which only dissipate or store energy, are called as passive elements.

Electronic Workbench
Electronics Workbench (EWB) is a design tool that provides you with all the components and
instruments to create board-level designs on your PC.

Tools :
Breadboard
Breadboards are an essential tool for prototyping and building temporary circuits. These boards contain holes fo

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Digital Multimeter
A multimeter is a device that’s used to measure electric current (amps), voltage (volts) and
resistance (ohms). It’s a great for troubleshooting circuits and is capable of measuring both AC and
DC voltage. Check out this post for more info on how to use a multimeter.

Battery Holders
A battery holder is a plastic case that holds batteries from 9V to AA. Some holders are enclosed
and may have an on/off switch built in.

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Test Leads (Alligator Clips)
Test leads are great for connecting components together to test a circuit without the need for
soldering.

Wire Cutter
Wire cutters are essential for stripping stranded and solid copper wire.

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Precision Screwdriver Set
Precision screwdrivers are also known as jeweler’s screwdrivers and usually come as a set. The
advantage of these over normal screwdrivers is the precision tips of each driver. These are very
handy when working with electronics that contain tiny screws.

Helping 3rd Hand

When working with electronics, it seems you never have enough hands to hold everything. This is where the com

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Heat Gun
A heat gun is used to shrink plastic tubing known as heat shrink to help protect exposed wire. Heat
shrink has been called the duct tape of electronics and comes in handy in a wide variety of
applications.

Jumper Wire
These wires are used with breadboard and development boards and are generally 22-28 AWG solid
core wire. Jumper wires can have male or female ends depending on how they need to be used.

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Soldering Iron
When it time to create a permanent circuit, you’ll want to solder the parts together. To do this, a
soldering iron is the tool you would use. Of course a soldering iron isn’t any good unless you have
solder to go with it. You can choose leaded or lead-free solder in a few diameters.

Electronic Components
Now its time to talk about the different components that make your electronic projects come to life.
Below is a quick breakdown of the most common components and functions they perform.

Switch
Switches can come in many forms such as pushbutton, rocker, momentary and others. Their basic
function is to interrupt electric current by turning a circuit on or off.

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Resistor
Resistors are used to resist the flow of current or to control the voltage in a circuit. The amount of
resistance that a resistor offers is measured in Ohms. Most resistors have colored stripes on the
outside and this code will tell you it’s value of resistance. You can use a multimeter or
Digikey’s resistor color code calculator to determine the value of a resistor.

Variable Resistor (Potentiometer)

A variable resistor is also known as a potentiometer. These components can be found in devices
such as a light dimmer or volume control for a radio. When you turn the shaft of a potentiometer
the resistance changes in the circuit.

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Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR)
A light-dependent resistor is also a variable resistor but is controlled by the light versus turning a
knob. The resistance in the circuit changes with the intensity of the light. These are often found in
exterior lights that automatically turn on at dusk and off at dawn.

Capacitor
Capacitors store electricity and then discharges it back into the circuit when there is a drop in
voltage. A capacitor is like a rechargeable battery and can be charged and then discharged. The
value is measured in F (Farad), nano Farad (nF) or pico Farad (pF) range.

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Diode
A diode allows electricity to flow in one direction and blocks it from flowing the opposite way.
The diode’s primary role is to route electricity from taking an unwanted path within the
circuit.

Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

A light-emitting diode is like a standard diode in the fact that electrical current only flows in one
direction. The main difference is an LED will emit light when electricity flows through it. Inside
an LED there is an anode and cathode. Current always flows from the anode (+) to the cathode (-)
and never in the opposite direction. The longer leg of the LED is the positive (anode) side.

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Transistor
Transistor are tiny switches that turn a current on or off when triggered by an electric signal. In
addition to being a switch, it can also be used to amplify electronic signals. A transistor is similar
to a relay except with no moving parts.

Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch that opens or closes when power is applied. Inside a relay
is an electromagnet which controls a mechanical switch.

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Integrated Circuit (IC)
An integrated circuit is a circuit that’s been reduced in size to fit inside a tiny chip. This circuit
contains electronic components like resistors and capacitors but on a much smaller scale. Integrated
circuits come in different variations such as 555 timers, voltage regulators, microcontrollers and
many more. Each pin on an IC is unique in terms of it’s function.

What Is A Circuit?
Before you design an electronic project, you need to know what a circuit is and how to create one
properly.

An electronic circuit is a circular path of conductors by which electric current can flow. A closed
circuit is like a circle because it starts and ends at the same point forming a complete loop.
Furthermore, a closed circuit allows electricity to flow from the (+) power to the (-) ground
uninterrupted.

In contrast, if there is any break in the flow of electricity, this is known as an open circuit. As
shown below, a switch in a circuit can cause it to be open or closed depending on it’s position.

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All circuits need to have three basic elements. These elements are a voltage source, conductive
path and a load.

The voltage source, such as a battery, is needed in order to cause the current to flow through the
circuit. In addition, there needs to be a conductive path that provides a route for the electricity to
flow. Finally, a proper circuit needs a load that consumes the power. The load in the above circuit
is the light bulb.

Schematic Diagram
When working with circuits, you will often find something called a schematic diagram. These
diagrams use symbols to illustrate what electronic components are used and where they’re placed
in the circuit. These symbols are graphic representations of the actual electronic components.

Below is an example of a schematic that depicts an LED circuit that is controlled by a switch. It
contains symbols for an LED, resistor, battery and a switch. By following a schematic diagram,
you are able to know which components to use and where to put them. These schematics are
extremely helpful for beginners when first learning circuits.

Schematic Diagram For LED Circuit

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There are many types of electronic symbols and they vary slightly between countries. Below are a
few of the most commonly used electronic symbols in the US.

Electronics Project : Turn On LED

Objective : To turn on the LED by forming a close circuit .

Description : Now we are going to combine everything we’ve learned and create a basic
circuit. We will be using test leads to create a temporary circuit without having to solder it together.

Parts Needed:
 9V Battery
 Battery Snap-on Connector
 Test Leads w/ Alligator Clips
 330 Ohm Resistor
 LED – Basic Red 5mm

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Schematic Diagram

Project Steps
1. Attach the battery clip to the top of the 9V battery.
2. Red wire from the battery clip is connected to one alligator clip on the red test lead.
3. The other end of the red test lead is connected to the long leg (+) of the LED.
4. Connect one alligator clip from black test lead to the short leg (-) of the LED.
5. The other end of the black test lead is clipped to one leg of the 330 Ω resistor.
6. Clip one side of the other black test lead to the other leg of the 330 Ω resistor.
7. The opposite end of the black test lead is connected to the black battery wire.

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IMPORTANT – Never connect LED directly to a 9V battery without a resistor in the circuit.
Doing so with damage/destroy the LED. You can however connect an LED to a 3V or smaller
battery without a resistor.

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WEEK 6
Topic Index : Project : Turn on LED using Breadboard
Objective : To design a Close Circuit for turning on LED using Breadoard.

Description :

How To Use A Breadboard

Another way to create and test a circuit is to build it on a breadboard. These boards are essential for
testing and prototyping circuits because no soldering is needed. Components and wires are pushed
into the holes to form a temporary circuit. Because it’s not permanent, you can experiment and
make changes until the desired outcome is reached.

Below the holes of each row are metal clips that connect the holes to each other. The middle rows
run vertically as shown while the exterior columns are connected horizontally. These exterior
columns are called power rails and are used to receive and provide power to the board.

Breadboards will need to have power supplied to them and this can be done in a few ways. One of
the easiest way is to plug the wires from a battery holder into the power rails. This will supply
voltage to the rail it’s plugged into only.

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To power both rails, you will need to use a jumper wire from the (+) and (-) to the rail on the
opposite side.

Electronics Project
Now we’re going to learn how to create a circuit on a breadboard. This circuit is the exact same
one we did earlier but we won’t be using the test leads.

Parts Needed:
 9V Battery
 Battery Snap-on Connector
 330 Ohm Resistor
 LED – Basic Red 5mm
 Breadboard- Half Size

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Schematic Diagram

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Project Steps
1. Attach the battery clip to the top of the 9V battery.
2. Place the red wire from the battery clip into F9 of the breadboard.
3. Insert the black wire from the battery clip into J21 of the breadboard.
4. Bend the legs of the 330 Ω resistor and place one leg into F21.
5. Place the other leg of the resistor into F15.
6. Insert the short leg of the LED into J15 and the long leg into J9.

The red arrows in the image below help to show how electricity is flowing in this circuit. All components are co

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IMPORTANT – Never connect an LED directly to a 9V battery without a resistor in the circuit.
Doing so with damage/destroy the LED.

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WEEK 7
Topic Index : Arduino : Introduction
Introduction:
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use
hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists and anyone interested in
creating interactive objects or environments. Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input
from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other
actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing).
Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer
(e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).
The boards can be built by hand or purchased preassembled; the software can be downloaded for
free. The hardware reference designs (CAD files) are available under an open-source license, you
are free to adapt them to your needs.

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1 :Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All you need to
do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).

2 :Power (Barrel Jack)

Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by connecting it
to the Barrel Jack (2).

3 :Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino board
and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.

4 :Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does Arduino
calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number printed on top of
the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16
MHz.

5,17:Arduino Reset
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning. You can
reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17) on the board. Second,
you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labelled RESET (5).

6,7,8,9:Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)

3.3 V (6): Supply 3.3 output volt 5V (7): Supply 5 output volt Most of the components
used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3 volt and 5 volt.  GND (8)(Ground): There
are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit. 
Vin (9): This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external power
source, like AC mains power supply.

10:Analog pins
The Arduino UNO board has five analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins can read the
signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor and convert it
into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.

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11:Main microcontroller
Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the brain of
your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from board
to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company. You must know what
IC your board has before loading up a new program from the Arduino IDE. This
information is available on the top of the IC. For more details about the IC construction and
functions, you can refer to the data sheet.

12:ICSP pin
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting of
MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred to as an SPI (Serial
Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an "expansion" of the output. Actually,
you are slaving the output device to the master of the SPI bus.

13:Power LED indicator

This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to indicate that
your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then there is something
wrong with the connection.

14:TX and RX LEDs

On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in
two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins
responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led (13). The TX led flashes
with different speed while sending the serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the
baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving process.

15:Digital I / O
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM (Pulse
Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input digital pins to
read logic 14 values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules like LEDs,
relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to generate PWM.

16:AREF AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external
reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

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PROJECT ARDUINO UNO : TURN ON LED

Objective : To make a simple LED circuit and turn on the LED by attaching LED with
constant power supply of ARDUINO BOARD.

Components Required :
1. Arduino Uno
2. USB A-to-B Cable
3. Breadboard
4. LED
5. 220 Ω Resistor

Procedure : We have to attach one leg of LED in Arduino board 5V pin and another leg
of the LED will be connected in GND pin of Arduino board across the 220 Ω Resistor .

Observation : After making the proper connection of LED with Arduino Board, LED will
turn ON.

Learning Outcome :
1. Properly understand the working function and utilization of Arduino .
2. Getting knowledge of how to connect LED with Arduino Board.
3. Familiar with the function of Resistor.
4. Getting keen idea about the close circuit and building of the close circuit also.

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WEEK 8

Topic Index : Arduino PROJECT : TURN ON AND BLINKING

LED
Objective : To make a simple LED circuit and blink the LED by attaching LED with
digital pin of Arduino Board.

Components Required :
1. Arduino Uno
2. USB A-to-B Cable
3. Breadboard
4. LED
5. 220 Ω Resistor
6. Jumper Wires

Procedure : We have to attach one leg of LED with Arduino board any digital pin and
another leg of the LED will be connected in GND pin of Arduino board across the 220 Ω Resistor .

By finishing the connection of LED with Arduino Board we have to Connect the Arduino
board to your computer using the USB cable. For making LED blinking, we have to make
the digital pin high and low in Arduino programming. Then we need to Select the board and
serial port properly and then we will Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

Observation : After making the proper connection of LED with Arduino Board, the LED
should turn on for a second and then off for a second in a loop.

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Learning Outcome :
1. Properly understand the working function and utilization of Arduino .
2. Getting knowledge of how to connect LED with Arduino Board.
3. Familiar with the function of Resistor.
4. Getting keen idea about the close circuit and building of the close circuit also.
5. Properly understand the programming of Arduino by doing LED blinking project.

Topic Index : Arduino PROJECT : TURN ON AND FADDING

LED
Objective : To make a simple LED circuit and fade in-out the LED by attaching LED with
PWM pin on Arduino Board.

Components Required :
1. Arduino Uno
2. USB A-to-B Cable
3. Breadboard
4. LED
5. 220 Ω Resistor
6. Hook-up wires

Procedure : We have to attach one leg of LED on Arduino board with any PWM pin and
another leg of the LED will be connected in GND pin of Arduino board across the 220 Ω
Resistor .
By finishing the connection of LED with Arduino Board we have to Connect the Arduino
board to your computer using the USB cable. For making LED blinking, we have to make the
digital pin high and low in Arduino programming. Then we need to Select the board and serial
port properly and then we will Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

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Observation : After making the proper connection of LED with Arduino Board, the LED
will be able to increase and decrease the intensity of brightness of an LED.

Learning Outcome :
1. Getting knowledge of how to connect LED with Arduino Board.
2. Familiar with the function of Resistor.
3. Getting keen idea about the close circuit and building of the close circuit also.
4. Understanding the working of PWM signal.
5. Properly understand the programming of Arduino by doing LED fading project.

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WEEK 9

Topic Index : Arduino PROJECT : SERVO MOTOR

Objective : To sweep a servo back and forth through its full range of motion.

Components Required :
1. Arduino Uno
2. USB A-to-B Cable
3. Breadboard
4. Servo Motor
5. Jumper Wires

Description and Procedure : A Servo Motor is a small device that has an output shaft.
This shaft can be positioned to specific angular positions by sending the servo a coded
signal. As long as the coded signal exists on the input line, the servo will maintain the
angular position of the shaft. If the coded signal changes, the angular position of the shaft
changes. In practice, servos are used in radio-controlled airplanes to position control
surfaces like the elevators and rudders. They are also used in radio-controlled cars, puppets,
and of course, robots. Servos are extremely useful in robotics. The motors are small, have
built-in control circuitry, and are extremely powerful for their size.In servo motor there are 3
wires that connect to the outside world. One is for power (+5volts), ground, and the white
wire is the control wire.

Working of a Servo Motor

The servo motor has some control circuits and a potentiometer (a variable resistor, aka pot)
connected to the output shaft. In the picture above, the pot can be seen on the right side of the
circuit board. This pot allows the control circuitry to monitor the current angle of the servo
motor.

If the shaft is at the correct angle, then the motor shuts off. If the circuit finds that the angle is
not correct, it will turn the motor until it is at a desired angle. The output shaft of the servo is
capable of traveling somewhere around 180 degrees. Usually, it is somewhere in the 210-
degree range, however, it varies depending on the manufacturer. A normal servo is used to
control an angular motion of 0 to 180 degrees. It is mechanically not capable of turning any
farther due to a mechanical stop built on to the main output gear.

The power applied to the motor is proportional to the distance it needs to travel. So, if the
shaft needs to turn a large distance, the motor will run at full speed. If it needs to turn only a
small amount, the motor will run at a slower speed. This is called proportional control.

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We have to attach servo motor with the ARDUINO UNO board.One leg of Servo Motor
will be connected with any digital pin on Arduino board, and another two lwgs will be
connected with VCC and GND pins on Arduino Board.

By finishing the connection of Servo Motor with Arduino Board we have to Connect the
Arduino board to your computer using the USB cable. Then we need to Select the board and
serial port properly and then we will Click upload button to send sketch to the Arduino.

Observation : Servo Motor will start rotating and changing the angle according to the
program.

Learning Outcome :
1. Getting knowledge of working function of servo motor.
2. Getting keen idea about the circuit by building the connection of Servo Motor
with Arduino.
3. Understanding the working of PWM signal.

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Topic Index : Arduino PROJECT : SERVO MOTOR with
Potentiometer
Objective : To sweep a servo back and forth through its full range of motion.

Components Required :
1. Arduino Uno
2. USB A-to-B Cable
3. Breadboard
4. Servo Motor
5. Jumper Wires
6. Potentiometer

Procedure :
We have to attach servo motor with the ARDUINO UNO board.One leg of Servo Motor
will be connected with any digital pin on Arduino board, and another two lwgs will be
connected with VCC and GND pins on Arduino Board.We have added a potentiometer for
position control. The Arduino will read the voltage on the middle pin of the potentiometer
and adjust the position of the servo motor shaft.

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Observation : Servo Motor will start rotating and changing the angle according to the
program.We can control the speed of servomeotor by rotating the knob of potentiometer.

Learning Outcome :
1. Getting knowledge of working function of servo motor.
2. Getting keen idea about the circuit by building the connection of Servo Motor
with Arduino.
3. Understanding the working of PWM signal.
4. Understanding the working of Potentiometer
5. Getting knowledge of how to the control the speed of motor.

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WEEK 10-12
Topic Index : KEVA Planks

Objective : To make different 3D structures and contraptions.

Picture View :

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Learning Outcome:

1. Understanding different shapes and pattern .

2. Familiar with the proper balance of mass.

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WEEK 13-15
**
Topic Index : PROJECT : Human Body Parts Design

Objective: To design skull , Spinal Cord with the help of 3D printing Software.
Description :The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue,
that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstemto the lumbar region of
the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord that
contains cerebrospinal fluid. The brainand spinal cord together make up the central nervous
system (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes
through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of
the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar
vertebrae where it ends. The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter
spinal cord. It is around 45 cm (18 in) in men and around 43 cm (17 in) long in women.
Also, the spinal cord has a varying width, ranging from 13 mm (1⁄2 in) thick in
the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in) thick in the thoracic area.
The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of nerve signals from the motor
cortex to the body, and from the afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory cortex.
It is also a center for coordinating many reflexes and contains reflex arcs that can
independently control reflexes. It is also the location of groups of spinal interneurons that
make up the neural circuits known as central pattern generators. These circuits are
responsible for controlling motor instructions for rhythmic movements such as walking.

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Skull
The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates. It supports the structures of
the face and provides a protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of two parts:
the cranium and the mandible. In the human, these two parts are the neuro craniumand the
viscera cranium or facial skeleton that includes the mandible as its largest bone. The skull
forms the anterior most portion of the skeleton and is a product of cephalisation—housing
the brain, and several sensory structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. In
humans these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton.
Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to
allow stereoscopic vision, and fixing the position of the ears to enable sound localization of
the direction and distance of sounds. In some animals such as horned ungulates, the skull
also has a defensive function by providing the mount (on the frontal bone) for the horns.
The English word "skull" is probably derived from Old Norse "skulle", while
the Latin word cranium comes from the Greek root κρανίον (kranion).
The skull is made up of a number of fused flat bones, and contains
many foramina, fossae, processes, and several cavities or sinuses. In zoology there are
openings in the skull called fenestrate.

Learning Outcome :
1. Understanding the working of Spinal Chord and Skull
2. Building of Biological Structure with the help of 3D Software
3. Familiar with the proper structure of skull and spinal chord .

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WEEK 16-22
Topic Index : PROJECT : Inventions and Discoveries
**
Design

Object : To design few invented Electronics objects like telephone,television,mobile phone.

Description :

Understanding difference between Discovery and Invention is the first step in categorizing
the difference between the two. It is important to know what the exact difference between
the two is so that you can categorize discovery and invention into two separate entities.
Discovery can be defined as the recognition of something that already exists as something
new. Discoveries usually occur when something has been found for the first time ever.

Difference between Discovery and Invention

It essential to know the differences between the two. Invention can simply be defined as the
creation of something new through one’s knowledge, hard work and skills. Unlike
discovery, invention is the fabrication of something new entirely that can have its own uses
and functions in the modern world. Understanding the history of transportation will give you
a key insight into the stages of invention.

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Difference between Discovery and Invention

Discovery Invention
The act of finding or exploring something The act of creation or designing of an object or a
new that has not been found before is service that has not been found before is termed as an
termed as Discovery. invention.

Discoveries are usually natural occurrences Inventions are man made or scientific occurrences of
and are usually present, until discovered by objects that exist due to the willpower and creation of
somebody. human beings.

Discovery involves the process of

Invention involves the process of experimentation.
exploration of the world around us.

A discovery cannot be patented. An invention can be patented by its creator.

Discoveries usually occur by accident. Inventions usually occur by the process of creation.
Thus, these are a few differences between Discovery and Invention. If you liked this article and
would like to read more download the BYJU’s app today. You also may want to check out our
related articles:

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History of the telephone

The telephone is a very common device for communicating over a distance. With a telephone, a
person can talk almost instantly with someone on the other side of the world. Most telephones are
linked to each other by wires. Others, such as cell phones, are connected by invisible radio waves
that travel throughthe air.

Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in
1876. Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using a water microphone in Highland Park, Illinois.
Tivadar Puskás proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876.

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Telephone Booth

Telephone booth is a very small room or enclosed structure with a public telephone in it.

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Smartphone

Smartphone is a cell phone that includes additional software functions (such as e-mail or an
Internet browser)

Television
One of the most popular inventions of 21st century has been surrounded by controversies.
Television, which has become an indispensible part of our lives, is a result of several
discoveries. Television is an electronic system of transmitting transient images of fixed or
moving objects together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts
light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible
sound.

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Washing machine
A washing machine is a machine designed to assist in the cleaning of laundry, i.e. clothing and
other household textile such as towels and sheets. It is generally restricted to machines that
use water as the primary cleaning solution, as distinct from dry cleaning which uses alternative
cleaning fluids and is generally performed by specialist businesses. Mechanical washing machines
have been available since at least the 19th century, and their basic principles of operation have
remained largely unchanged. Their first purpose is to suspend the material to be cleaned
in water containing detergent. The clothes and water are then "agitated" - moved back and forth in a
chaotic manner. The water is then pumped out and the clothes partially dried by spinning them
rapidly in a low-speed centrifuge. Clean water is then added and the clothes and water agitated to
remove any remaining traces of the detergent. Finally, the clothes are (usually) spun again (though
some clothes are removed immediately and dried by alternative means without further spinning).

Refrigerator

A refrigerator is a machine for keeping things cold. It is sometimes called a fridge or an icebox.
People put food and drinks in it, to keep those items cold or good (unspoiled) for a longer time. A
refrigerator has a heat pump. It takes heat away from the air inside the fridge. The heat gets added
to the air outside. The heat pump is usually driven by an electric motor.

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There are also ice boxes available that do not use electricity because they are filled with ice to
provide the colder temperature. The ice can keep things cold until the ice melts. These ice boxes can
be taken on camping trips. Sometimes they are called coolers. Refrigerator-sized iceboxes were
used before electricity was available.
Most modern refrigerators are available in a variety of colors, although normally fridges are white,
as shown in the picture. Smaller versions of the popular refrigerator are also used. These are mainly
used in hotels and college dorm rooms.

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Air Condition

An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a
refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler and more humid air.
In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to
as HVAC. Whether in homes, offices or vehicles, its purpose is to provide comfort by altering the
properties of the air, usually by cooling the air inside. The main function of air conditioner is to
change adverse temperatureAn air conditioner is a machine which keeps the air in a building cool
and dry.

Learning Outcome :
1. Familiar with the inventions of electronics commodities.
2. Getting idea to design the 3 Dimensional figure of mobile phone, washing
machine etc.

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WEEK 23-26
**
Topic Index : PROJECT : Forest Design
The earth is an incredible place with many ecosystems. Parts of our planet are icy cold,
others have rain almost every day, and still others are full of tall, rocky mountains. In
this lesson you will learn about one of the most common kinds of ecosystems: forests.

A large area filled with many trees is called a forest. Forests grow in almost every part of
the world. The only places bare of forests are deserts, some prairies and mountaintops, and
the North and South poles.

Forest
Imagine spinning a globe with your eyes closed, and then stopping it at random with your
finger. If you didn't land in the ocean, there is a very good chance you landed in some
type of forest. A forest is a land area that is populated by many trees.
Forests are one of the most common and most important kinds of ecosystems on our earth.
Their trees help produce oxygen that all living things need. These great, green spaces are
found all over our planet.
There are many different types of forests. Their differences have to do with where they are
and the type of climates they're in. Let's look at a few different kinds of forests.

Types of Forest

There are three types of forest. The three major

forest biomes are coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and tropical rain forests.
Coniferous forests
Evergreen is coniferous forests stretch across Canada, Alaska, Northern Asia, and Northern
Europe. They are composed of conifers which produce seeds in cones.
The weather during the winter is cold, but when snow melts in the spring, some parts of the
forest become swamps. There are not many different types of trees in coniferous forests
because of the cold weather, and the poor soil. Fallen branches, needles, and dead animals
do not decay as fast as in warmer regions. This is why the soil in coniferous forests is not
very fertile. Also, only those trees that have adapted to cold weather and poor soil can
survive. These trees have flexible branches that support heavy snowfalls. Less water
evaporates from their leaves because of the shape of their needles.

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Many coniferous trees shade large parts of the soil below them, which keeps many plants
from growing on the forest ground. Some animals that live in the coniferous forests are pine
martens, deer, bears, caribou, moose, lynes, heavers, and birds such as grey owls, crossbills,
and marblers.
Deciduous forests
Deciduous forests mostly grow in the temperate zone of North America, Europe and Asia.
They have a moderate climate during the spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter, with
rainfall of at least 500mm a year. Summers are warm and winters are cold, but not as cold as
the northern coniferous forests. In the winter, snow covers the ground and the deciduous
trees and plants lose their leaves. The decaying leaves help make the soil rich in nutrients.
Many insects, spiders, snails, and worms make their homes in this rich soil. Wild flowers
and ferns grow almost everywhere in the spring. New leaves capture the energy of the sun
and sprout before the tall trees shadow them.
During the winter, many birds migrate to warmer climate. Many small
animals hibernate or aestivate, in other words, slow down their metabolism and sleep or stay
in their burrows. Some of the other animals just slow down their metabolism and eat food
they stored during the summer and fall months. The trees in winter are bare, but with the
coming of spring, leaves sprout, birds return, animals are born, and all the forest animals get
busy with their lives. Animals that we may see or hear in this biome
include bears, deer, raccoons, otters, beavers, foxes, frogs, squirrels, snakes, salamanders,
and birds such as woodpeckers, robins, owls, blue jays and the small birds usually
called tits.
Some deciduous forests grow in tropical places that do not have a winter but do have a wet
season and a dry season.
Rainforests
Tropical rainforests grow in South America, the Congo, Indonesia and some nearby
countries, Hawaii, and eastern Australia. Tropical rainforests are aptly named, as it rains
here on about half the days. The only season in a tropical rain forest is summer, so plants
grow for all 12 months of the year. Trees are tall and thick in the rain forest and they grow
so close together that they seem to form a big umbrella of greenery called a canopy. This
blocks out most of the sunlight. The air is muggy as it filters through the dense canopy cover
of the trees. The light that filters through this tree cover is dim and green. Only along river
banks and in places that have been cleared does enough sunlight allow plants to grow on the
forest ground.
Millions of species of plants and animals live in the world's tropical forests. Life in the rain
forest exists at different levels or layers in the trees. Each layer has a name, such as
'emergent', 'canopy', 'understory', and 'forest floor. Animal life is found on all levels.

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WEEK 27-30
**
Topic Index : PROJECT : Snow House Design

Objective : To design snow house and other related objects with the help of different 3D
Software and 3D doodler .

An igloo (or iglu) is a shelter (a place for people to stay warm and dry) made from blocks
of snow placed on top of each other, often in the shape of a dome (like half of a hollow
ball). They were used in winter as temporary shelters by hunters when they were away from
their regular homes.
They were most often built in places where a lot of snow covers the land for weeks or
months at a time, such as the far north of Canada and Greenland. Most igloos are built by
native Inuit people (sometimes called Eskimoes). As they learned to build them better,
sometimes people would build larger igloos that would last longer and hold more people,
even for dancing.

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THE SLEDGE
A vehicle on runners for conveying loads or passengers over snow or ice, often pulled by draught an
smooth bottom surface, used for sliding downhill over snow or ice.

A sled, sledge, or sleigh is a land vehicle that slides across the surface, usually of ice or
snow. It is built with either a smooth underside or a separate body supported by two or more
smooth, relatively narrow, longitudinal runners similar in principle to skis. This reduces the
amount of friction, which helps to carry heavy loads.
Some designs are used to transport passengers or cargo across relatively level ground. Others
are designed to go downhill for recreation, particularly by children, or competition.
(Compare cross-country skiing with its downhill cousin.) Shades of meaning differentiating
the three terms often reflect regional variations depending on historical uses and prevailing
climate.
In British English, sledge is the general term, and more common than sled.[1] Toboggan is
sometimes used synonymously with sledgebut more often to refer to a particular type of
sledge without runners. Sleigh refers to a moderate to large-sized, usually open-topped
vehicle to carry passengers or goods, and typically drawn by horses, dogs, or reindeer.
In American usage sled remains the general term but often implies a smaller device, often for
recreational use. Sledge implies a heavier sled used for moving freight or massive
objects. Sleigh refers more specifically than in Britain to a vehicle which is essentially a cold-
season alternative to a carriage or wagon and has seating for passengers; what can be called a
dog-sleigh in Britain is known only as a dog-sled in North America.
In Australia, where there is limited snow, sleigh and sledge are given equal preference in
local parlance.

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THW SNOWMAN
A snowman is an anthropomorphic snow sculpture often built by children in regions with
sufficient snowfall. In many places, typical snowmen consist of three large snowballs of
different sizes with some additional accoutrements for facial and other features. Due to the
sculpt ability of snow, there is also a wide variety of other styles. Common accessories
include branches for arms and a rudimentary smiley face, with a carrot used for a nose.
Clothing, such as a hat or scarf, may be included. Low-cost and availability are the common
issues, since snowmen are usually abandoned to the elements once completed.

Construction

Snow becomes suitable for packing when it approaches its melting point and becomes moist
and compact. Making a snowman of powdered snow is difficult since it will not stick to
itself, and if the temperature of packing snow drops, it will form an unusable denser form of
powdered snow called crust. Thus, a good time to build a snowman may be the next warm
afternoon directly following a snowfall with a sufficient amount of snow. Using more
compact snow allows for the construction of a large snowball by simply rolling it until it
grows to the desired size. If the snowball reaches the bottom of the grass it may pick up
traces of grass, gravel or dirt.

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In North America, snowmen are generally built with three spheres representing the head,
torso, and lower body. In the United Kingdom, two spheres are used, one sphere
representing the body and one representing the head. The usual practice is to then decorate
and optionally dress the snowman. Sticks can be used for arms, and a face is traditionally
made with stones or coal for eyes and a carrot for a nose. Some like to dress their snowmen
in clothing such as a scarf or hat, while others prefer not to risk leaving supplies outdoors
where they could easily be stolen or become stuck under melting ice.
There are variations to these standard forms; for instance, the popular song "Frosty the
Snowman" describes a snowman being decorated with a corncob pipe, button nose, coal
eyes and an old silk hat (usually depicted as a top hat). These other types range from snow
columns to elaborate snow sculptures similar to ice sculptures.

PENGUIN

Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group

of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with
only one species, the Galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life
in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have
evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squidand other forms of sea
life which they catch while swimming underwater. They spend roughly half of their lives on
land and the other half in the sea.
Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not
found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live

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so far south. Several species are found in the temperate zone, and one species,
the Galápagos penguin, lives near the equator.
The largest living species is the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): on average, adults
are about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (77 lb). The smallest penguin species is
the little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands
around 40 cm (16 in) tall and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb). Among extant penguins, larger penguins
inhabit colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate or even
tropical climates (see also Bergmann's rule). Some prehistoric species attained enormous
sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These were not restricted to Antarctic
regions; on the contrary, subantarctic regions harboured high diversity, and at least one giant
penguin occurred in a region around 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, in a climate
decidedly warmer than today.

Learning Outcome:
1. Understanding of proper shape of snow house , igloo , penguin .
2. Familiar with the different 3D shapes for making these objects.

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 3D PRINTING COURSE
CURRICULUM 2019-2020

WEEK 31

Topic Index : Assessment

Assessment will be conducted at the end of the session based on the performance of the students in
the assigned project.

The rubrics for the 3D Printing Assessment would be:

1. Performance as a individual

2. Relevance to the topic

3. Completion of design within the time

4. Quality of the design

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 3D PRINTING COURSE
CURRICULUM 2019-2020

WEEK 32

Topic Index : Best Design Competition

Best design competition will encourage our students to enhance their creativity in 3D designing.

The rubrics for the 3D Printing Best design competition would be:

1. Relevance to the topic.

2. Use of proper tools and options to design.

3. Completion of design within the time.

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