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Python 1 - Overview
Bootcamp will cover Python fundamentals while making a music playlist program

Evaluating primitive types in python: type()

Declaring variables and variable declaration conventions: =
Math Operators and string concatenation: (+ , - , * , /,%)
IF and WHILE statements with conditional operators: (==, >, >=, break)
User input: input()
Data collections - Lists: ([ ], append(), insert(), del, pop(), len(), sort())
Data collections - Dictionaries: ({ },[ ], insert(), del, clear(), keys(), values())
Declaring custom functions: def, return
Classes and object oriented programming: class(), __init__(), methods
Automating with FOR loops: for, in

Jupyter Notebook
This is a web-based application (runs in the browser) that is used to interpret Python code.

To add more code cells (or blocks) click on the '+' button in the top left corner
There are 3 cell types in Jupyter:
Code: Used to write Python code
Markdown: Used to write texts (can be used to write explanations and other key
information)
NBConvert: Used convert Jupyter (.ipynb) files to other formats (HTML, LaTex, etc.)

To run Python code in a specific cell, you can click on the 'Run' button at the top or press
Shift + Enter
The number sign (#) is used to insert comments when coding to leave messages for yourself
or others. These comments will not be interpreted as code and are overlooked by the program

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Data Types
Four primitive types in Python
1. Integers
2. Booleans
3. Floats
4. Strings
Types may be changed using int(), str(), float(), and bool() methods

In [1]: # The type() function will return the data type of the data passed to it

type("Hello!")

Out[1]: str

In [2]: type(True)

Out[2]: bool

In [3]: type(3.14)

Out[3]: float

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In [4]: type(3)

Out[4]: int

In [5]: # Casting - converting from one data type to another

print(type(float(3)))
print(int(3.55))

<class 'float'>
3

In [6]: # Try to cast a string to a boolean so that it returns false

print(bool(''))

False

In [7]: # Try to cast an int to a boolean so that it returns false

print(bool(0))

False

Variables
May consist of letters, numbers, and underscores, but not spaces.
Cannot start with a number.
Avoid using Python keywords (for, if, and, or, etc.)
Be careful when using 1s and lower case ls, as well as 0s and Os.
Keep it short.
Example: phone_num = 647606
In Jupyter, we need to be very careful when running cells when we use variables!

In [8]: # In the code below, the variable `hours_worked` has been assigned
# an integer value of 10.
hours_worked = 10

In [9]: print(hours_worked)

10

Math Operators

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Addition, Subtration, Multiplication and Division may be done using basic math operators (+ , -
, * , /,%).
Python will also try to interpret your code with other data types
(+) may be used with strings!
However, the usability is limited, instead we will introduce functions

In [10]: # Create two variables, price1 and price2 that have float values representing the
price1 = 3.40
price2 = 2.51

# Create a new variable whose value is the sum of the prices

tot_price = price1 + price2
# Python can perform all the typical mathematical operations
diff_price = price1 - price2
mult_price = price1 * price2
div_price = price1 / price2
print(tot_price)

5.91

Functions
We cannot perform all math on strings, as it sometimes doesn't make sense
Instead we use functions, prewritten sets of instructions
To use a function on a string, we use the dot operator
The general form will be string_variable.function_name(function_arguments)
We'll talk more about functions later in the session

In [11]: #A few string functions

employment = "I work with python"
print(employment.title())
print(employment.lower())

print(employment.index("work"))
print(employment.split(" "))
print(employment.replace("python", "Finance"))

I Work With Python

i work with python
2
['I', 'work', 'with', 'python']
I work with Finance

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In [12]: # With F strings, variables go directly into a string! Even methods!

name = "Seamus"
tool = "python"
print(f"{name} works with {tool.upper()}")

Seamus works with PYTHON

In [13]: # A boolean can only have one of two values. Either they are "True" or "False".
# Variables "yes" and "no" have been assigned boolean variables of "True" and "Fa

yes = True
no = False

IF and WHILE Statements

Will only run indented code if condition is true
Make use of conditional operators to create tests
(==) will return true if both variables are equal
(>) will return true if left variable is larger
(>=) will return if left variable is larger or equal to right variable
IF will only run indented code once, WHILE will run indented code until condition is no longer
true

In [14]: # Boolean variables are generally used for conditional statements such as an if s
# The below lines of code uses boolean variables to determine whether or not the
if yes:
print("True Statement!")

if no:
print("Will not print")

True Statement!

In [15]: #New variable to keep track of total number of employees

dept_size = 10

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In [16]: # if else statments can also be used with math or anything really (like strings)!

if dept_size >=0 and dept_size < 20:

print(f"Small Department: {dept_size}")
elif dept_size < 50:
print(f"Medium Department: {dept_size}")
else:
print(f"Large Department: {dept_size}")

Small Department: 10

In [17]: # While loops will keep running a loop of code until the intial condition is no l
# It is important to always have a breaking condition to stop the loop so it does
limit = 10
dept_size = 0
while dept_size < limit:
print(dept_size)
dept_size += 1

if dept_size == 8:
break # The 'break' statement in Python is used to close/end a loop

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Lists
Collection of items in a particular order
They are used to store data and can be assigned to variables just like integers and strings
Indexing (order) starts from 0
Accessing items in a list can be done with square brackets ([ ])
Items can be easily added to lists using append() and insert() methods

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In [18]: # Lists are a collection of data. List numberings always start from 0.

banks = ["RBC", "CIBC", "TD", "BMO"]

print(banks[0]) # Here the first item in the list is at index 0
print(banks[3]) # The third item in the list is at index 4

#Can use a colon to indicate range of indices

print(banks[0:3]) # From the first to third item
print(banks[:1])
print(banks[2:])

#Negative indexing goes from Right to Left, starting from -1

print(banks[-1])

#Reassign values with square brackets as well

banks[0] = "Scotiabank"
print(banks)

#Cannot do artists[4] = ""

RBC
BMO
['RBC', 'CIBC', 'TD']
['RBC']
['TD', 'BMO']
BMO
['Scotiabank', 'CIBC', 'TD', 'BMO']

In [19]: # add value to end of a list - Canadian Western Bank

# The .append() function can be used!
banks.append("CWB")
print(banks)

['Scotiabank', 'CIBC', 'TD', 'BMO', 'CWB']

In [20]: # add value to the start of a list - First Nations Bank of Canada
banks.insert(0, "FNBC")
print(banks)

# Return the length of the list

len(banks)

['FNBC', 'Scotiabank', 'CIBC', 'TD', 'BMO', 'CWB']

Out[20]: 6

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In [21]: # Remove list entries

del banks[4]
print(banks)

['FNBC', 'Scotiabank', 'CIBC', 'TD', 'CWB']

Dictionaries
Collection of key-value pairs
No positions as with lists, values stored at specific key
keys can be of any data type
Accessing values in a dictionary can still be done with square brackets ([ ])
Declared using braces ({ })

In [22]: # collection of "data" which is unordered, changeable, and not indexed. They have
employee = { "name": "Peter", "employee_num": 314425, "workplace": "RBC"}
# Here, 'name', 'employee_num', and 'department' are keys, and 'Peter', '314425',
print(employee)

{'name': 'Peter', 'employee_num': 314425, 'workplace': 'RBC'}

In [23]: # Access key values using ['key_name']

employee["name"]

Out[23]: 'Peter'

In [24]: # Reassign a key value

employee["workplace"] = "TD"
print(employee["workplace"])

TD

In [25]: # Add a new key

employee["management"] = False
print(employee)

{'name': 'Peter', 'employee_num': 314425, 'workplace': 'TD', 'management': Fals

e}

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In [26]: # Can remove a key easily using del

# Other keys are unaffected when you use 'del' to remove a key
del employee["management"]
print(employee)

{'name': 'Peter', 'employee_num': 314425, 'workplace': 'TD'}

In [27]: #Dictionary methods return iterables

print(employee.items())
print(employee.keys())
print(employee.values())

# Cannot do print(employee.keys[0]) because it is not a list

# Iterables are data objects that can be 'interated' over, like in loops
# Iterables to be used with keyword IN ('IN' example is covered in the next cell

dict_items([('name', 'Peter'), ('employee_num', 314425), ('workplace', 'TD')])

dict_keys(['name', 'employee_num', 'workplace'])
dict_values(['Peter', 314425, 'TD'])

In [28]: # You can use dictionaries and lists in 'if' statments.

#Will look through keys by default

if "name" in employee:
print("Yes, name is one of the keys in this dictionary")
else:
print("no")

Yes, name is one of the keys in this dictionary

For Loops
Execute a block of code once for each item in collection (List/Dictionary)
Declare temporary variable to iterate through collection
Can be used in combination with IF statements

In [29]: #Loop through banks list

for bank in banks:
print(bank)

FNBC
Scotiabank
CIBC
TD
CWB

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In [30]: #Loop through pairs in employee dictionary

for key in employee:
print(key)

for key, value in employee.items():

print(f"{key}: {value}")

name
employee_num
workplace
name: Peter
employee_num: 314425
workplace: TD

In [31]: # Use RANGE to specify a number of iterations

for i in range(len(banks)): # The len() function returns the length of the previo
print(i)

0
1
2
3
4

In [32]: # Make a loop that prints all odd values from 1 to 21

for i in range(1,22,2):
print(i)

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21

Functions
Named blocks of code that do one specific job
Functions are also referred to as methods
Prevents rewriting of code that accomplishes the same task
Keyword def used to declare functions
Variables may be passed to functions

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In [33]: # In this function 'name', 'employee_num', and 'department' are required values t
def description(name, employee_num, workplace):
print(f"{name} - Employee Number: {employee_num} - works at: {workplace}")

description("Mike", 12210, "CIBC")

description(employee['name'], employee['employee_num'], employee['workplace'])

Mike - Employee Number: 12210 - works at: CIBC

Peter - Employee Number: 314425 - works at: TD

Classes
NOTE: We cover classes in the next section, but here's a primer if you're interested
Object-orientated programming approach popular and efficient
Define classes of real-world things or situations (can be thought of as creating your own data
type)
Attributes of various data types
Functions inside of a class are the same except called methods
Methods may be accessed using the dot operator
Instanciate objects of your classes
__init()__ method used to prefill attributes
Capitalize class names

In [34]: class Employee():

"""A simple attempt to represent am employee."""
def __init__(self, name, employee_num, department ):
self.name = name
self.employee_num = employee_num
self.department = department

def description(self): # Creating a function (a.k.a method) that can be used

print(f"{self.name} (employee number: {self.employee_num}) - Dept: {self.

In [35]: employee1 = Employee("Mike", 12210, "Marketing")

employee2 = Employee("Peter", 31445, "IT")
employee1.description()
employee2.description()

Mike (employee number: 12210) - Dept: Marketing

Peter (employee number: 31445) - Dept: IT

User Input
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OPTIONAL: Not covred during the bootcamp. Just some extra content if you're interested!
Pauses your program and waits for the user to enter some text
Variable used with Input() will be a string even if user inputs an integer
Will need to make use of type casting.

In [36]: #Ask user for a name

my_age = input("Enter your age.\n")
print(f"Entered age is {my_age}")
print(f"You were born in {2020 - int(my_age)}")

Enter your age.

22
Entered age is 22
You were born in 1998

Putting it all Together

This is an optional section - a great way to practice everything we've learned!
Note that to do this, you're expected to know both classes and input
Let's create a new Employee
We can then use our class methods easily!

In [37]: employee_input = input("Enter your name, employee number and department.\n")

name = employee_input.split(' ')[0]
employee_num = employee_input.split(' ')[1]
department = employee_input.split(' ')[2]
new_employee = Employee(name,employee_num,department)
new_employee.description()

Enter your name, employee number and department.

Seamus 3453243 Bootcamps
Seamus (employee number: 3453243) - Dept: Bootcamps

In [ ]:

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