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Multiple-Choice Questions on Introductory Java Language Concepts 77

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS ON INTRODUCTORY

JAVA LANGUAGE CONCEPTS

1. Which of the following pairs of declarations will cause an error message?

I double x = 14.7;
int y = x;
II double x = 14.7;
int y = (int) x;
III int x = 14;
double y = x;

(A) None
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) I and III only

2. What output will be produced by

System.out.print("\\* This is not\n a comment *\\");

(A) * This is not a comment *

(B) \* This is not a comment *\
(C) * This is not
a comment *
(D) \\* This is not
a comment *\\
(E) \* This is not
a comment *\

3. Consider the following code segment

if (n != 0 && x / n > 100)

statement1;
else
statement2;

If n is of type int and has a value of 0 when the segment is executed, what will
happen?
(A) An ArithmeticException will be thrown.
(B) A syntax error will occur.
(C) statement1, but not statement2, will be executed.
(D) statement2, but not statement1, will be executed.
(E) Neither statement1 nor statement2 will be executed; control will pass to the
first statement following the if statement.

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78 Chapter 1 Introductory Java Language Features

4. Refer to the following code fragment:

double answer = 13 / 5;
System.out.println("13 / 5 = " + answer);

The output is

13 / 5 = 2.0

The programmer intends the output to be

13 / 5 = 2.6

Which of the following replacements for the first line of code will not fix the
problem?
(A) double answer = (double) 13 / 5;
(B) double answer = 13 / (double) 5;
(C) double answer = 13.0 / 5;
(D) double answer = 13 / 5.0;
(E) double answer = (double) (13 / 5);

5. What value is stored in result if

int result = 13 - 3 * 6 / 4 % 3;

(A) −5
(B) 0
(C) 13
(D) −1
(E) 12

6. Suppose that addition and subtraction had higher precedence than multiplication
and division. Then the expression

2 + 3 * 12 / 7 - 4 + 8

would evaluate to which of the following?

(A) 11
(B) 12
(C) 5
(D) 9
(E) −4

7. Which is true of the following boolean expression, given that x is a variable of

type double?

3.0 == x * (3.0 / x)

(A) It will always evaluate to false.

(B) It may evaluate to false for some values of x.
(C) It will evaluate to false only when x is zero.
(D) It will evaluate to false only when x is very large or very close to zero.
(E) It will always evaluate to true.

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Multiple-Choice Questions on Introductory Java Language Concepts 79

8. Let x be a variable of type double that is positive. A program contains the

boolean expression (Math.pow(x,0.5) == Math.sqrt(x)). Even though x 1/2 is
p
mathematically equivalent to x, the above expression returns the value false
in a student’s program. Which of the following is the most likely reason?
(A) Math.pow returns an int, while Math.sqrt returns a double.
(B) x was imprecisely calculated in a previous program statement.
(C) The computer stores floating-point numbers with 32-bit words.
(D) There is round-off error in calculating the pow and sqrt functions.
(E) There is overflow error in calculating the pow function.

9. What will the output be for the following poorly formatted program segment, if
the input value for num is 22?

int num = call to a method that reads an integer;

if (num > 0)
if (num % 5 == 0)
System.out.println(num);
else System.out.println(num + " is negative");

(A) 22
(B) 4
(C) 2 is negative
(D) 22 is negative
(E) Nothing will be output.

10. What values are stored in x and y after execution of the following program seg-
ment?

int x = 30, y = 40;

if (x >= 0)
{
if (x <= 100)
{
y = x * 3;
if (y < 50)
x /= 10;
}
else
y = x * 2;
}
else
y = -x;

(A) x = 30 y = 90
(B) x = 30 y = -30
(C) x = 30 y = 60
(D) x = 3 y = -3
(E) x = 30 y = 40

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80 Chapter 1 Introductory Java Language Features

11. Which of the following will evaluate to true only if boolean expressions A, B, and
C are all false?
(A) !A && !(B && !C)
(B) !A || !B || !C
(C) !(A || B || C)
(D) !(A && B && C)
(E) !A || !(B || !C)

12. Assume that a and b are integers. The boolean expression

!(a <= b) && (a * b > 0)

will always evaluate to true given that

(A) a = b
(B) a > b
(C) a < b
(D) a > b and b > 0
(E) a > b and b < 0

13. Given that a, b, and c are integers, consider the boolean expression

(a < b) || !((c == a * b) && (c < a))

Which of the following will guarantee that the expression is true?

(A) c < a is false.
(B) c < a is true.
(C) a < b is false.
(D) c == a * b is true.
(E) c == a * b is true, and c < a is true.

14. In the following code segment, you may assume that a, b, and n are all type int.

if (a != b && n / (a - b) > 90)

{
/* statement 1 */
}
else
{
/* statement 2 */
}
/* statement 3 */

What will happen if a == b is false?

(A) /* statement 1 */ will be executed.
(B) /* statement 2 */ will be executed.
(C) Either /* statement 1 */ or /* statement 2 */ will be executed.
(D) A compile-time error will occur.
(E) An exception will be thrown.

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Multiple-Choice Questions on Introductory Java Language Concepts 81

15. Given that n and count are both of type int, which statement is true about the
following code segments?
I for (count = 1; count <= n; count++)
System.out.println(count);
II count = 1;
while (count <= n)
{
System.out.println(count);
count++;
}

(A) I and II are exactly equivalent for all input values n.

(B) I and II are exactly equivalent for all input values n ≥ 1, but differ when
n ≤ 0.
(C) I and II are exactly equivalent only when n = 0.
(D) I and II are exactly equivalent only when n is even.
(E) I and II are not equivalent for any input values of n.

16. The following fragment intends that a user will enter a list of positive integers at
the keyboard and terminate the list with a sentinel:

int value = 0;
final int SENTINEL = -999;
while (value != SENTINEL)
{
//code to process value
...
value = IO.readInt(); //read user input
}

The fragment is not correct. Which is a true statement?

(A) The sentinel gets processed.
(B) The last nonsentinel value entered in the list fails to get processed.
(C) A poor choice of SENTINEL value causes the loop to terminate before all
values have been processed.
(D) The code will always process a value that is not on the list.
(E) Entering the SENTINEL value as the first value causes a run-time error.

17. Suppose that base-2 (binary) numbers and base-16 (hexadecimal) numbers can be
denoted with subscripts, as shown below:

2Ahex = 101010bin

Which is equal to 3Dhex ?

(A) 111101bin
(B) 101111bin
(C) 10011bin
(D) 110100bin
(E) 101101bin

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82 Chapter 1 Introductory Java Language Features

18. A common use of hexadecimal numerals is to specify colors on web pages. Ev-
ery color has a red, green, and blue component. In decimal notation, these are
denoted with an ordered triple (x, y, z), where x, y, and z are the three compo-
nents, each an int from 0 to 255. For example, a certain shade of red, whose red,
green, and blue components are 238, 9, and 63, is represented as (238, 9, 63).
In hexadecimal, a color is represented in the format #RRGGBB, where RR,
GG, and BB are hex values for the red, green, and blue. Using this notation, the
color (238, 9, 63) would be coded as #EE093F.
Which of the following hex codes represents the color (14, 20, 255)?
(A) #1418FE
(B) #0E20FE
(C) #0E14FF
(D) #0FE5FE
(E) #0D14FF

19. In Java, a variable of type int is represented internally as a 32-bit signed integer.
Suppose that one bit stores the sign, and the other 31 bits store the magnitude of
the number in base 2. In this scheme, what is the largest value that can be stored
as type int?
(A) 232
(B) 232 − 1
(C) 231
(D) 231 − 1
(E) 230

20. Consider this code segment:

int x = 10, y = 0;
while (x > 5)
{
y = 3;
while (y < x)
{
y *= 2;
if (y % x == 1)
y += x;
}
x -= 3;
}
System.out.println(x + " " + y);

What will be output after execution of this code segment?

(A) 1 6
(B) 7 12
(C) -3 12
(D) 4 12
(E) -3 6

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Multiple-Choice Questions on Introductory Java Language Concepts 83

Questions 21 and 22 refer to the following method, checkNumber, which checks the
validity of its four-digit integer parameter.

/** @param n a 4-digit integer

* @return true if n is valid, false otherwise
*/
boolean checkNumber(int n)
{
int d1,d2,d3,checkDigit,nRemaining,rem;
//strip off digits
checkDigit = n % 10;
nRemaining = n / 10;
d3 = nRemaining % 10;
nRemaining /= 10;
d2 = nRemaining % 10;
nRemaining /= 10;
d1 = nRemaining % 10;
//check validity
rem = (d1 + d2 + d3) % 7;
return rem == checkDigit;
}

A program invokes method checkNumber with the statement

boolean valid = checkNumber(num);

21. Which of the following values of num will result in valid having a value of true?
(A) 6143
(B) 6144
(C) 6145
(D) 6146
(E) 6147

22. What is the purpose of the local variable nRemaining?

(A) It is not possible to separate n into digits without the help of a temporary
variable.
(B) nRemaining prevents the parameter num from being altered.
(C) nRemaining enhances the readability of the algorithm.
(D) On exiting the method, the value of nRemaining may be reused.
(E) nRemaining is needed as the left-hand side operand for integer division.

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84 Chapter 1 Introductory Java Language Features

23. What output will be produced by this code segment? (Ignore spacing.)

for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--)

{
for (int j = i; j >= 1; j--)
System.out.print(2 * j - 1);
System.out.println();
}

(A) 9 7 5 3 1
9 7 5 3
9 7 5
9 7
9
(B) 9 7 5 3 1
7 5 3 1
5 3 1
3 1
1
(C) 9 7 5 3 1
7 5 3 1 -1
5 3 1 -1 -3
3 1 -1 -3 -5
1 -1 -3 -5 -7
(D) 1
1 3
1 3 5
1 3 5 7
1 3 5 7 9
(E) 1 3 5 7 9
1 3 5 7
1 3 5
1 3
1

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Multiple-Choice Questions on Introductory Java Language Concepts 85

24. Which of the following program fragments will produce this output? (Ignore
spacing.)

2 - - - - -
- 4 - - - -
- - 6 - - -
- - - 8 - -
- - - - 10 -
- - - - - 12

I for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)

{
for (int k = 1; k <= 6; k++)
if (k == i)
System.out.print(2 * k);
else
System.out.print("-");
System.out.println();
}
II for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
{
for (int k = 1; k <= i - 1; k++)
System.out.print("-");
System.out.print(2 * i);
for (int k = 1; k <= 6 - i; k++)
System.out.print("-");
System.out.println();
}

III for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)

{
for (int k = 1; k <= i - 1; k++)
System.out.print("-");
System.out.print(2 * i);
for (int k = i + 1; k <= 6; k++)
System.out.print("-");
System.out.println();
}

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I, II, and III

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86 Chapter 1 Introductory Java Language Features

25. Consider this program segment:

int newNum = 0, temp;

int num = k; //k is some predefined integer value ≥ 0
while (num > 10)
{
temp = num % 10;
num /= 10;
newNum = newNum * 10 + temp;
}
System.out.print(newNum);

Which is a true statement about the segment?

I If 100 ≤ num ≤ 1000 initially, the final value of newNum must be in the range
10 ≤ newNum ≤ 100.
II There is no initial value of num that will cause an infinite while loop.
III If num ≤ 10 initially, newNum will have a final value of 0.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

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Multiple-Choice Questions on Introductory Java Language Concepts 87

26. Consider the method reverse:

/** Precondition: n > 0.

* Postcondition:
* - Returns n with its digits reversed.
* - Example: If n = 234, method reverse returns 432.
* @param n a positive integer
* @return n with its digits reversed
*/
int reverse(int n)
{
int rem, revNum = 0;

/* code segment */

return revNum;
}

Which of the following replacements for /* code segment */ would cause the
method to work as intended?
I for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
rem = n % 10;
revNum = revNum * 10 + rem;
n /= 10;
}
II while (n != 0)
{
rem = n % 10;
revNum = revNum * 10 + rem;
n /= 10;
}
III for (int i = n; i != 0; i /= 10)
{
rem = i % 10;
revNum = revNum * 10 + rem;
}

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I and III only

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