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The document covers logarithmic functions, their properties, and their relationship with exponential functions, emphasizing that logarithms are inverses of exponentials. It includes examples of solving equations involving logarithms and discusses real-world applications such as interest rates, population growth, and radioactive decay. Additionally, it presents various word problems to illustrate the use of logarithmic functions in practical scenarios.

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17 views10 pages

Sec 42 Notes Done

The document covers logarithmic functions, their properties, and their relationship with exponential functions, emphasizing that logarithms are inverses of exponentials. It includes examples of solving equations involving logarithms and discusses real-world applications such as interest rates, population growth, and radioactive decay. Additionally, it presents various word problems to illustrate the use of logarithmic functions in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

phamsini490
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sec42NotesDone.

notebook April 27, 2012

Sec. 4.2 Logarithmic Functions


The Logarithmic Function with Base ‘a’ has domain all positive real
numbers and is defined by

Where and

is the inverse function of

So and
Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Logarithms are inverses of Exponential functions

Just like square roots and cube roots are inverses of quadratic and cubic functions.

Logarithms don't deserve the reputation they have for being hard or strange. They just have some rules that
you can follow to simplify them or solve equations using them.

Remember is the power you have to raise the base 'a' to in order to get x.

If you multiply by 'a' each period, it is the number of periods it takes to reach 'x'.

Logarithmic Form vs. Exponential Form


Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Properties of Log Functions

Changing Bases: How can you rewrite an exponential with a different


base?
Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Solve the following equations:


take the Logarithm of both sides (to undo the exponential function)

Graphs of Log Functions


Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Word Problems involving Logs


There are many situations which involve exponential growth.

Interest Rate Problems, Population Growth, Radioactive Decay,


Newton’s Law of Cooling, Absorption of Light, Atmospheric Pressure.

If the function giving Population in terms of time involves an


exponential function, then the inverse function giving the time when
the Population is a certain value will involve a log function.

To solve an equation with the variable in the exponent, will require


that we take the logarithms of both sides (at some point).

To solve an equation with the variable in a Log Function, will require


that we ‘exponentiate’ both sides (at some time).

Just like, to solve an equation where the variable is squared,


requires that we take square roots of both sides at some point.

Word Problems involving Logs


The time it takes for a investment of $3000 to reach
a value of A dollars when it is compounded
continuously at 8% annual interest is given by:

When will the account be worth $6000.

When will it be worth $1,000,000?


Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Word Problems involving Logs


The time it takes for a investment of $3000 to reach
a value of A dollars when it is compounded
continuously at 8% annual interest is given by:

What will the investment be worth in 10 years?

Word Problems involving Logs


The time it takes for a investment of $3000 to reach
a value of A dollars when it is compounded
continuously at 8% annual interest is given by:

Find the inverse Function. That is the function that gives the amount of
the investment in terms of time. The algebra is the same as in the
previous problem.
Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Word Problems involving Logs


The age of an artifact can be determined by the
amount of radioactive Carbon­14 remaining in it. If D0
is the original amount of Carbon­14 and D is the
amount remaining, then the age ‘t’ in years is given by

Find the age on an object if 73% of the original carbon­14 remains.

Word Problems involving Logs


The age of an artifact can be determined by the amount of
radioactive Carbon­14 remaining in it. If D0 is the original
amount of Carbon­14 and D is the amount remaining, then
the age ‘t’ in years is given by

What percentage of the original carbon­14 remains after 1000 years?


Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Word Problems involving Logs


The age of an artifact can be determined by the amount of
radioactive Carbon­14 remaining in it. If D0 is the original
amount of Carbon­14 and D is the amount remaining, then
the age ‘t’ in years is given by

Find the inverse function. That is solve the equation above for ‘D’ in
terms of ‘t’.

Word Problems involving Exponentials


Suppose you invest $5000 in an account that earns 7%
interest per year. What is a function for the value of the
account after t years? When will it be worth $10000?
Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

Word Problems involving Exponentials


Suppose you invest $5000 in an account that earns 7%
interest per year compounded monthly. What is a function
for the value of the account after t years? When will it be
worth $10000?

Suppose you invest $5000 in an account that earns 7%


interest per year compounded continuously. What is a
function for the value of the account after t years? When
will it be worth $10000?
Sec42NotesDone.notebook April 27, 2012

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