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CS - CH1 - Lect1 - XI

The document provides an overview of computer systems, defining a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It outlines the basic components of a computer, including hardware, software, and the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle, which describes how data is processed into information. Additionally, it discusses the roles of liveware (users), the benefits of computers, and the distinctions between data and information.

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15 views3 pages

CS - CH1 - Lect1 - XI

The document provides an overview of computer systems, defining a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It outlines the basic components of a computer, including hardware, software, and the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle, which describes how data is processed into information. Additionally, it discusses the roles of liveware (users), the benefits of computers, and the distinctions between data and information.

Uploaded by

adisp6341
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1: Computer System Overview

(Lecture -1)

Computer System is a collection of entities (hardware, software and liveware) that are
designed to receive, process, manage and present information in a meaningful format.
The computer’s capability to process, store, and retrieve data and information has made
it an integral part of all kinds of environment – home, office or business.
There are five main hardware components in a computer system: Input, Processing,
Storage, output and communication devices.

Definition:
Computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of operations in accordance
with a set of instructions called program.
Or
Computer is an electronic device that accepts a set of instructions in the form of a
program executes it and displays the output to the user.

Basic components of a Computer System:


i) Hardware and Software:
Computer is a combination of hardware and software. Hardware is the
physical components of a computer like motherboard, memory devices,
monitor, keyboard etc., while Software is a set of programs or instructions.
Both hardware and software together make the computer system function.
ii) Functional components of a computer:

➢ Input -> Process ->Output (IPO) Cycle:


Every task given to a computer follows an Input->Process->Output
Cycle. It accepts certain input, processing that input and produces the
desired output. The input unit takes the input, the central processing
unit does the processing of data and the output unit produce the output.
The memory unit holds the data and instructions during the processing.

IPO Cycle
Input Output
Data Process Information

Storage

➢ Basic Structure of Computer:


Basic structure of computer is also known as Von Neumann
Architecture. A computer receives data and instructions through “Input
Devices” which get processed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and
the result is shown through “Output Devices”. The “Main/Primary
Memory” and “Secondary/Auxiliary Memory” are used to store data

1
inside the computer. The main memory holds the input and intermediate
output during the processing.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Control Unit (CU)

Input Unit
Arithmetic Output Unit
Logic Unit (ALU)

Registers

Main / Primary Secondary


Memory Memory

Functional Components of a Computer System

Registers are a type of computer memory built directly into the processor
or CPU (Central Processing Unit) that is used to store and manipulate
data during the execution of instructions. A register may hold an
instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence
or individual characters).

Q.1. Define a computer


Ans:
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data. In other words we can say that,
Computer is an electronic device that accepts a set of instructions in the form of a
program executes it and displays the output to the user.

Q.2. Define hardware and software.


Ans:
Hardware:
• Hardware refers to all of the aspects of a computer that are accessible
(tangible) to humans. These are the physical components of a computer that,
when assembled, perform their function.
• The hardware components of a computer are the desktop, keyboard, CPU,
power backup device, and mouse.

2
Software:

• Software is a human-designed or programmed application that performs a


variety of tasks to make work easier. It consists of non-tangible computer
components that must be housed in the computer system.
• Software applications include Microsoft Office and Windows.

Q.3. What is Liveware?


Ans:
Liveware are peoples that use and make computer system work. It is term used for
people that are benefited from computer system. These are human expertise that
are needed in the field of IT. Features of liveware include data processing, problem
solving, productivity, documentation skills, reporting skills, etc.
Q.4. Why is computer beneficial to us?
Ans:
Computers are beneficial to us in endless ways like storing and retrieving large
volume of data/information easily, efficiently and in a secured manner. Computers
can perform calculations on large and complex data sets within a fraction of second
with complete accuracy. This device can be used anywhere and everywhere
whether at home or at workplace or for scientific purposes.
Q.5. What is the difference between data and information?
Ans:

Data Information

Data is unorganised and unrefined Information comprises processed,


facts organised data presented in a meaningful
context
Data is an individual unit that Information is a group of data that
contains raw materials which do collectively carries a logical meaning.
not carry any specific meaning.
Data doesn’t depend on Information depends on data.
information.
Raw data alone is insufficient for Information is sufficient for decision
decision making. making.
An example of data is a student’s The average score of a class is the
test score. information derived from the given data.

Q.6. What is an I-P-O cycle?


Ans:
A computer takes input in the form of data and generates output in the form of
information. This process of converting data into some meaningful information is
called information processing or Input-Process-Output (I-P-O) cycle.
Q.7. List all the functional components of a computer.
Ans: The functional components of a computer are as follows:
a) Input Unit
b) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
c) Output Unit
d) Memory Unit

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