#include <iostream> #include <cmath> int main() { // Define constants const double g = 9.

81; //
acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2) // Define variables double t = 0.0; // time (s) double x = 0.0; //
initial position (m) double vx = 10.0; // initial velocity (m/s) double y = 0.0; // initial height (m)
double vy = 20.0; // initial vertical velocity (m/s) // Define time step and total time double dt =
0.01; // time step (s) double t_total = 10.0; // total time (s) // Simulate projectile motion using
Euler's method for (int i = 0; i < t_total / dt; i++) { // Update position and velocity x += vx * dt; y
+= vy * dt; vy -= g * dt; // Print results std::cout << "Time: " << t << " s" << std::endl; std::cout
<< "Position: (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << std::endl; std::cout << "Velocity: (" << vx << ", "
<< vy << ")" << std::endl; // Increment time t += dt; } return 0; } es saare code ki har aik line ka
har aik word explain karen
ChatGPT said:

Bilkul! Aaiye is C++ program ke har ek line aur har ek lafz ko urdu mein asaani se samajhte
hain, takay aapko har cheez clear ho jaye:

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#include <iostream>

• #include: Yeh ek preprocessor directive hai, jo batata hai ke program mein kisi aur file
ko include karo.
• <iostream>: Is file mein input/output (jaise cin, cout) ke functions hote hain. Yani hum
screen par data print kar sakte hain ya user se input le sakte hain.

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#include <cmath>

• <cmath>: Yeh C++ ka math library hai. Isme mathematical functions hote hain, jaise
sqrt(), sin(), cos() waghera. Is program mein use nahi hua, lekin future mein use ho
sakta hai.

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int main() {

• int: Function ka return type hai, matlab yeh function ek integer return karega.
• main(): Yeh C++ ka starting point hota hai. Jab program run hota hai, sabse pehle yahi
function execute hota hai.
• {: Yeh curly brace function ke shuru hone ka sign hai.

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const double g = 9.81; // acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2)
 • const: Iska matlab hai ke yeh variable constant hai — iski value program ke dauraan
change nahi hogi.
• double: Yeh ek data type hai jo decimal values (floating-point numbers) store karta hai.
• g: Yeh variable ka naam hai — yahaan yeh gravity ka symbol hai.
• = 9.81: Is line se g ki value set ki ja rahi hai — 9.81 meters per second squared, jo ke
zameen par gravity ki value hoti hai.
• // ...: Double slash ke baad likha hua comment hota hai — sirf programmer ke liye,
compiler isse ignore karta hai.

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double t = 0.0; // time (s)

• double: Ek floating-point number.

• t: Time variable ka naam hai.
• = 0.0: Initial time 0 seconds se start ho raha hai.

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double x = 0.0; // initial position (m)

• x: Horizontal direction mein object ki position.

• = 0.0: Start mein object ground level par hai.

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double vx = 10.0; // initial velocity (m/s)

• vx: Horizontal direction mein initial velocity — yani 10 meters per second se left/right
move kar raha hai.

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double y = 0.0; // initial height (m)

• y: Vertical position (height).

• = 0.0: Start mein object ground se shuru ho raha hai (0 meters height).

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double vy = 20.0; // initial vertical velocity (m/s)

• vy: Vertical (upar) direction mein object ki initial velocity — 20 m/s se object upar ki
taraf ja raha hai.
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double dt = 0.01; // time step (s)

• dt: Time ka chhota interval ya "step" — har iteration mein kitna time guzra samjha jaye.
• = 0.01: Har step 0.01 seconds ka hai.

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double t_total = 10.0; // total time (s)

• t_total: Total simulation ka waqt — 10 seconds tak ka motion simulate karna hai.

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for (int i = 0; i < t_total / dt; i++) {

• for: Yeh loop hota hai, jo bar-bar chalta hai.

• int i = 0: Loop start hone par i ko 0 set karo.
• i < t_total / dt: Jab tak i is value se chhota hai, loop chalta rahega. t_total / dt ka
matlab hai 10 / 0.01 = 1000 steps.
• i++: Har dafa i mein 1 ka izafa hoga.

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x += vx * dt;

• x +=: Yeh x = x + vx * dt ka short form hai.

• vx * dt: Distance = speed × time. Har second mein kitna faasla tay hua, woh x mein add
karo.

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y += vy * dt;

• Vertical direction mein bhi position update ho rahi hai.

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vy -= g * dt;

• vy -=: vy = vy - g * dt
 • Gravity ke effect se vertical velocity har second kam ho rahi hai (object neeche gir raha
hai).

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std::cout << "Time: " << t << " s" << std::endl;

• std::cout: Output screen par likhne ke liye.

• "Time: ": String hai jo print hogi.
• << t: Us waqt ka time print hoga.
• std::endl: New line — agla output nayi line mein aayega.

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std::cout << "Position: (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << std::endl;

• x aur y dono print ho rahe hain, taake har waqt object ki position maloom ho.

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std::cout << "Velocity: (" << vx << ", " << vy << ")" << std::endl;

• vx (horizontal) aur vy (vertical) velocity print kar raha hai.

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t += dt;

• Time update ho raha hai — har step mein t mein dt ka izafa ho raha hai.

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}

• For loop khatam ho raha hai.

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return 0;
}

• return 0: Program successfully execute ho gaya, compiler ko return kar diya gaya ke koi
error nahi hai.
• }: main() function ka end.
• string ka matlab:
• C++ mein string ek data type hai jo text ya lafzon ka group store karta hai — jaise:
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• string name = "Sami";
• Yahan "Sami" ek string literal hai, aur name ek variable hai jisme woh text store ho raha
hai.