XII STANDARD CHAPTERWISE 5 MARK QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 1

8 −6 2
Example 1.1: If 𝐴 = [−6 7 −4], verify that 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴)𝐴 = |𝐴|𝐼3 .
2 −4 3
0 −3 −2 −3
Example 1.9: Verify (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 with 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵 = [ ].
1 4 0 −1
4 3
Example 1.10 : If 𝐴 = [ ], find 𝑥 and 𝑦 such that 𝐴2 + 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑦𝐼2 = 𝑂2 hence find 𝐴−1 .
2 5
6 −3 𝑎
1
Example 1.12: If 𝐴 = [𝑏 −2 6] is orthogonal, find 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 and hence 𝐴−1 .
7
2 𝑐 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
Exercise 1.1(3) If 𝐹(𝛼) = [ 0 1 0 ] , show that [𝐹(𝛼)]−1 = 𝐹(−𝛼).
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼
5 3
Exercise 1.1 (4) If 𝐴 = [ ] , show that 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 7𝐼2 = 𝑂2 . Hence find 𝐴−1 .
−1 −2
−8 1 4
1
Exercise 1.1 (5) If 𝐴 = [ 4
9
4 7] , prove that 𝐴−1 = 𝐴𝑇 .
1 −8 4
3 2 −1 −3
Exercise 1.1 (7) If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] , verify that (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 .
7 5 5 2
1 −1 3 −2 1 1
Exercise 1.1 (13) Given 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵=[ ] and 𝐶 = [ ], find a matrix 𝑋 such
2 0 1 1 2 2
that 𝐴X 𝐵 = 𝐶.
0 1 1
1
Exercise 1.1 (14) If 𝐴 = [1 0 1], show that 𝐴−1 = (𝐴2 − 3𝐼)
2
1 1 0
3 1 4
Example 1.19: Show that the matrix [2 0 −1] is non-singular and reduce it to the
5 2 1
identity matrix by elementary row transformations.
2 1 1
Example 1.21: Find the inverse of 𝐴 =[3 2 1], by Gauss-Jordan method.
2 1 2
1 −1 0
Exercise1.2(3)(ii) Find the inverse of [1 0 −1] by Gauss-Jordan method.
6 −2 −3
1 2 3
Exercise1.2(3) (iii) Find the inverse of [2 5 3] by Gauss-Jordan method.
1 0 8
Example 1.23: Solve the following system of equations, using matrix inversion method:
2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 5, 𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = −4, 3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − 2𝑥3 = 3.
 −4 4 4 1 −1 1
Example 1.24: If 𝐴 = [−7 1 3 ] and 𝐵 = [1 −2 −2] find the products 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐴
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
and hence solve the system of equations 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1.
Exercise 1.3 (1)(iii) Solve the following system of linear equations by matrix inversion method:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = −1.
Exercise 1.3 (1)(iv): Solve the following system of linear equations: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 2 = 0,
6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 − 31 = 0, 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 13 by matrix inversion method.
−5 1 3 1 1 2
Exercise 1.3 (2) If 𝐴 = [ 7 1 −5] and 𝐵 = [3 2 1] find the products 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐴 and
1 −1 1 2 1 3
hence solve the system of equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2.
Exercise 1.3 (5) The prices of three commodities 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are Rs. 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 per units
respectively. A person 𝑃 purchases 4 units of 𝐵 and sells two units of 𝐴 and 5 units of 𝐶. Person
𝑄 purchases 2 units of 𝐶 and sells 3 units of 𝐴 and one unit of 𝐵. Person 𝑅 purchases one unit of
𝐴 and sells 3 unit of 𝐵 and one unit of 𝐶. in the process, 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 earn Rs. 15,000, Rs. 1,000
and Rs. 4,000 respectively. Find the prices per unit of 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶. (Use matrix inversion method
to solve the problem.)
Example 1.25: Solve, by Cramer’s rule, the system of equations
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 3, 2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 = 17, 𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 7.
Example 1.26: In a T20 match, a team needed just 6 runs to win with 1 ball left to go in the last
over. The last ball was bowled and the bats man at the crease hit it high up. The ball traversed
along a path in a vertical plane and the equation of the path is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 with respect to a
𝑥𝑦 − coordinate system in the vertical plane and the ball traversed through the points
(10,8), (20,16), (40,22), can you conclude that the team won the match? Justify your answer.
(All distances are measured in metres and the meeting pint of the plane of the path with the
farthest boundary line is (70,0)).
Exercise 1.4 (1)(iii): Solve the following systems of linear equations by Cramer’s rule
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 11, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 9, 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 25.
Exercise 1.4 (1)(iv): Solve the following systems of linear equations by Cramer’s rule
3 4 2 1 2 1 2 5 4
− − − 1 = 0, + + − 2 = 0, − − +1=0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

Exercise 1.4 (5) A family of 3 people went out for dinner in a restaurant. The cost of two dosai,
three idlies and two vadais is Rs. 150. The cost of the two dosai, two idlies and four vadais is Rs.
200. The cost of five dosai, four idlies and two vadais is Rs. 250. The family has Rs. 350 in hand
and they ate 3 dosai and six idlies and six vadais. Will they be able to manage to pay the bill
within the amount they had?
Example 1.27: Solve the following system of linear equations, by Gaussian elimination
method: 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 25, 𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 13, 2𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1.
Example 1.28: The upward speed 𝑣(𝑡) of a rocket at time 𝑡 is approximated by 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑡 2 +
𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 100 where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. It has been found that the speed at times 𝑡 =
3, 𝑡 = 6 and 𝑡 = 9 seconds are respectively, 64,133 and 208 miles per second respectively. Find
the speed at time 𝑡 = 15 seconds.(Use Gaussian elimination method)
Exercise 1.5 (1)(𝑖) Solve the following systems of linear equations by Gaussian elimination
method 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1.
Exercise 1.5 (1)(𝑖𝑖) Solve the following systems of linear equations by Gaussian elimination
method 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 22, 3𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 27, −𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2.
Exercise 1.5 (2) If 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is divided by 𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 − 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 1 the remainders are 21,
61 and 9 respectively. Find 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 (Use Gaussian elimination method).
Exercise 1.5 (3) An amount of Rs. 65,000 is invested in three bonds at the rates of 6%,
8% and 9% per annum respectively. The total annual income is Rs. 4,800. The income from
the third bond is Rs. 600 more than that from the second bond. Determine the price of each bond.
(Use Gaussian elimination method)
Exercise 1.5 (4) A boy is walking along the path 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 through the points
(−6, 8), (−2, −12) and (3, 8). He wants to meet his friend at 𝑃(7, 60). Will he meet his friend?
(Use Gaussian elimination method)
Example 1.29: Test for consistency of the linear equations and if possible solve:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 1 = 0.
Example 1.30: Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations and if possible
solve: 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 8, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −1, 15𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 21.
Example 1.31: Test the consistency of linear equations and if possible solve :
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −9, 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −18, 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 + 27 = 0.
Example 1.32: Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −9, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7.
Example 1.33 : Find the condition on 𝑎 , 𝑏 and 𝑐 so that the system of linear equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑎, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 𝑏, 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 𝑐 has one parameter family of solution.
Example 1.34: Investigate the values of 𝜆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 the system of linear equations
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 5 have (i) no solution (ii) a unique solution
(iii) an infinite number of solutions.
Exercise 1.6 (1) (i) Test for consistency and if possible, solve the following systems of equations
by rank method 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 7, 4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4.
Exercise 1.6 (1) (ii) Test for consistency and if possible, solve the following systems of equations
by rank method 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 7𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 5.
Exercise 1.6 (1) (iv) Test for consistency and if possible, solve the following systems of equations
by rank method 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 , 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6 , 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4.
Exercise 1.6 (2) Find the value of 𝑘 for which the equations 𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1,
𝑥 − 2𝑘𝑦 + 𝑧 = −2, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑘𝑧 = 1 have (i) no solution (ii) unique solution
(iii) infinitely many solution.
Exercise 1.6(3) Investigate the values of 𝜆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 the system of linear equations
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 9, 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 8, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇, have (i) no solution (ii) a unique
solution (iii) an infinite number of solutions
Example 1.35: Solve the following system
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0 , 7𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 12𝑧 = 0.
Example 1.36: Solve the system 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0 , 𝑥 − 11𝑦 + 14𝑧 = 0.
Example 1.37: Solve the system 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 ,3𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 0.
6𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 0.
Example 1.38: Determine the value of 𝜆 for which the following system of
equations (3𝜆 − 8)𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + (3𝜆 − 8)𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + (3𝜆 − 8)𝑧 = 0
has a non-trivial solution.
Example 1.39: By using Gaussian elimination method, balance the chemical reaction equation:
𝐶5 𝐻8 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 (The above is the reaction that is taking place in the burningof organic
compound called isoprene)
Example 1.40: If the system of equations 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 0, 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 0,
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑟𝑧 = 0 has a non-trivial solution and 𝑝 ≠ 𝑎, 𝑞 ≠ 𝑏, 𝑟 ≠ 𝑐,
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
prove that + + = 2.
𝑝−𝑎 𝑞−𝑏 𝑟−𝑐
Exercise 1.7 (1) (i) Solve the following system of homogenous equations 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 0,
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 5𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 23𝑧 = 0.
Exercise 1.7 (1) (ii) Solve the following system of homogenous equations 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0,
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0.
Exercise 1.7 (2) Determine the values of 𝜆 for which the system of equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆z = 0, 2x + y + 2z = 0 has (𝑖) a unique solution
(ii) a non-trivial solution.
Exercise 1.7 (3) By using Gaussian elimination method, balance the chemical reaction equation:
𝐶2 𝐻6 + 𝑂2 → 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2 .