Unit 1: Introduction to Java
Q: What is Java? Explain features of Java.
A: Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is
designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
Features: Platform Independent, Object-Oriented, Simple, Secure, Robust,
Multithreaded, Architecture Neutral, Portable, High Performance.
Q: Difference between Java and C/C++.
A: Java is platform-independent, uses a virtual machine, and doesn't support pointers
explicitly, while C/C++ are platform-dependent, compile to native code, and support
pointers.
Q: Explain Java Virtual Machine (JVM), JRE, and JDK.
A: JVM runs Java bytecode, JRE includes JVM and libraries to run Java apps, and JDK
includes JRE plus tools to develop Java apps.
Q: Write a program to display "Hello, World!" in Java.
A: public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
Q: Explain data types and variables in Java with examples.
A: Data types: int, float, double, char, boolean, etc.
Example: int x = 10; double y = 5.5; char c = 'A'; boolean flag = true;
Unit 2: Control Structures & Arrays
Q: Explain if-else, switch-case, while, do-while, and for loops with syntax and examples.
A: if-else: if (condition) {...} else {...}
switch-case: switch (var) { case val: ... break; ... }
while: while(cond) {...}
do-while: do {...} while(cond);
for: for(init; cond; inc) {...}
Q: Write a Java program to find the largest of three numbers using if-else.
A: int a=10, b=20, c=15;
if(a>=b && a>=c) System.out.println(a);
else if(b>=a && b>=c) System.out.println(b);
else System.out.println(c);
Q: Explain break and continue statements with examples.
A: break exits a loop; continue skips to next iteration.
Example:
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) { if(i==3) break; }
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) { if(i==2) continue; }
Q: What are arrays? Write a program to find the sum of array elements.
A: Array is a collection of similar data types.
int[] arr = {1,2,3}; int sum = 0;
for(int i: arr) sum += i;
System.out.println(sum);
Unit 3: Object-Oriented Programming
Q: Explain OOP principles: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction.
A: Encapsulation: binding data/methods.
Inheritance: acquire properties.
Polymorphism: many forms.
Abstraction: hiding internal details.
Q: Define class and object in Java. Write a program to create a class and object.
A: class Car { int speed; }
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c = new Car();
Q: What is constructor? Types of constructors.
A: Constructor initializes objects. Types: Default, Parameterized, Copy constructors.
Q: Explain method overloading and method overriding with examples.
A: Overloading: same method name, different params.
Overriding: subclass method redefines parent method.
Q: Write a program to implement single inheritance.
A: class A { void show(){} }
class B extends A { void display(){} }
Unit 4: String Handling and Exception
Q: Difference between String and StringBuffer.
A: String is immutable, StringBuffer is mutable and thread-safe.
Q: Write a program to reverse a string.
A: String s = "hello";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s);
sb.reverse();
System.out.println(sb);
Q: What is exception handling? Explain try-catch-finally.
A: Mechanism to handle runtime errors. try contains code, catch handles exception,
finally executes always.
Q: Write a program to handle divide-by-zero exception.
A: try { int a = 5/0; } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println(e); }
Q: Explain built-in exceptions in Java.
A: Examples: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException,
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, NumberFormatException.
Unit 5: Packages and Interfaces
Q: What is a package? How to create and use it?
A: Package is a namespace. Use 'package pkgName;' and import it using 'import
pkgName.*';
Q: Define interface. Difference between class and interface.
A: Interface is a reference type with abstract methods. Interface can’t have method
bodies (till Java 7).
Q: Write a program to implement an interface.
A: interface Animal { void sound(); }
class Dog implements Animal {
public void sound() { System.out.println("Bark"); }
Q: Difference between abstract class and interface.
A: Abstract class can have method bodies and constructors; interface can’t (till Java 7),
supports multiple inheritance.
Unit 6: Applet and AWT
Q: What is an Applet? How is it different from an application?
A: Applet runs in browser, no main method; application runs standalone.
Q: Explain the life cycle of an Applet.
A: init(), start(), paint(), stop(), destroy()
Q: Write a simple Applet program.
A: public class MyApplet extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Hello Applet", 50, 50);
Q: Explain AWT controls like Button, Label, TextField, etc.
A: AWT provides UI components: Button b = new Button("Click"); Label l = new
Label("Name"); TextField tf = new TextField();
