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4. SQL

The document provides an overview of SQL concepts, including definitions of SQL, databases, and tables, along with examples. It outlines various SQL command types such as DDL, DML, DQL, and TCL, and includes instructions for downloading and installing MySQL Server. Additionally, it details commands for creating, modifying, and querying databases and tables, along with error handling during installation.

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6 views

4. SQL

The document provides an overview of SQL concepts, including definitions of SQL, databases, and tables, along with examples. It outlines various SQL command types such as DDL, DML, DQL, and TCL, and includes instructions for downloading and installing MySQL Server. Additionally, it details commands for creating, modifying, and querying databases and tables, along with error handling during installation.

Uploaded by

bhanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Date:29/Dec/2022

----------------

SQL Concepts / Database Concepts

--------------------------------

- SQL stands for Structured Query Language

- SQL is set of commands which are used to operate a database

- A database is a collection of related tables

- A table is a collection of data in the form of rows and columns

Ex:

Books table

---------------------

bno bname price } columns or fields

---------------------

111 Java 500 } row or record

222 XML 800 } row or record

333 HTML 400 } row or record

---------------------

SQL Command Types

-----------------

- DDL - Data Definition Language - create, drop, alter

- DML - Data Manipulation Language - insert, update, delete

- DQL - Data Query Language - select

- TCL - Transaction Control Language - commit, rollback


Database Servers

----------------

- MySQL (Oracle Corp)

- Oracle (Oracle Corp)

- DB/2 (IBM)

- SQL Server (Microsoft)

- Sybase (Microsoft)

Download and Install MySQL Database Server v8

---------------------------------------------

Refer document Download and Install MySQL 8 version.pdf

port number : 3306

username : root

password : root

Errors during Installation

--------------------------

Need to install Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable

-----------------------------------------------------

Google: Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2019

Youtube link

------------

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9UKmUK9BbA
Download and Install MySQL Server 8 on macOS

---------------------------------------------

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BDbOOY9jsc

Creating a database

-------------------

syntax

------

mysql>create database database-name;

Ex:

mysql>create database java16;

Use/Change Database

-------------------

mysql>use java16;

Drop database

-------------

used to delete the database

mysql>drop database java16;

Datatypes

---------

- int
- float

- char - used to store fixed size data Ex: empids, rollnos, itemnos etc

- varchar - used to store variable size data Ex: empnames, studnames, itemnames etc

- date

create table command

--------------------

used to create table with the specified columns

syntax

------

create table table-name (column-1 datatype(size),

column-2 datatype(size),

....

column-n datatype(size));

Ex:

create table books (bno int(3), bname varchar(10), price float(4));

desc command

-------------

used to display the structure of the table

Ex:

desc books;

drop table command


------------------

used to delete the table

syntax

------

drop table table-name;

EX:

drop table books;

Insert command

--------------

used to insert the records into the table

syntax

------

insert into table-name values (value1,value2,...,valuen);

- the number of values should be equal to the number of columns of table

insert into table-name (column-1,column-2,..,column-n) values (value1,value2,..,valuen);

- the number of values should be equal to the number of columns given in the command

Ex:

insert into books values (111,'java',500);

insert into books (bno,bname) values (222,'xml');

update command
--------------

used to modify/update the existing records

syntax

-------

update table-name set column=new-value,column=new-value,...column=new-value [where condition];

[] => optional

Ex:

update books set price=600;//for all records price will be updated to 600

update books set price=800 where bno=222;

TCL Commands

------------

commit

------

used to save the transactions (insert, update, delete)

Ex:

mysql>commit;

rollback

--------

used to undo the uncommitted transactions

Ex:

mysql>rollback;
Note

----

In MySQL, by default the transactions are autocommitted

Setting autocommit mode to false/off

-------------------------------------

mysql>set autocommit = 0;

Setting autocommit mode to true/on

-------------------------------------

mysql>set autocommit = 1;

Delete command

---------------

used to delete the records of the table

syntax

-------

delete from table-name [where condition];

Ex:

delete from books;//all records will be deleted

delete from books where bno=222;

delete from books where price>=500 and price<=700;

select command
--------------

used to retrieve the records of the table

Ex:

select * from books;//* indicates all columns of table

select bno,bname from books;

select * from books where bno=222;

select * from books where price>=500 and price<=700;

Alter table command

-------------------

used to modify the structure of the table like the following

- rename the table

- add new columns

- modify existing columns

- rename columns

- drop columns

mysql>alter table books rename to tempbooks;

mysql>alter table tempbooks rename to books;

mysql>alter table books add author varchar(10);

mysql>alter table books modify bname varchar(15);

mysql>alter table books change bname bookname varchar(15);

mysql>alter table books drop column author;

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