USING COMPUTER TOOLS

IN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
ANALYSIS
Electrical Power and Machines Engineering
2 Introduction to Electric Circuit Analysis
 Circuit Analysis
3

 A network, in the context

of electricity and electronics, is a
collection of interconnected
components.
 Network analysis is the process
of finding the voltages across,
and the currents through, every
component in the network.
 Information-gathering, the 5 Ws and 1 H
4
 Why?
5

Why circuit analysis is so important?

Because, circuits include Hence,
 Potential energy (volt)  Circuit analysis techniques can be
 Kinetic energy (current) used engineering fields that
include energy storage and
 Energy storage
transfer.
 Energy transfer
 Why?
6

Why circuit analysis is so important?

Because, electricity is used in Hence,
 Engines  Proper design of electric and
 Traffic electronic components becomes
more vital everyday.
 Building
 It is a common part in
 Lighting
multidisciplinary analysis.
 ... almost in every device.
 Who?
7

Who practice circuit analysis?

 Researchers  Operation Engineers
◼ Investigate circuits and parameters ◼ Usually for standard circuits
effects
 Technicians
 Design Engineers ◼ During trouble shooting
◼ Design new devices
◼ Design new application modules
◼ Equipment selection
 When?
8

When circuit analysis is performed?

 Design
 Testing
 Selection
 Where?
9

Where circuit analysis is performed?

 Research Institute
 Computational centers
 Company laboratory
 What?
10

What are the requirements of circuit analysis?

Software Hardware
 Schematic Analysis  Large computation power
 PCB layout  Multi user facility
 Material and component sheets  Advanced printing and machining
 Machining codes
 What?
11

What is the major of circuit analysis specialist?

 Circuit design is mainly
post graduate major, that
depends on the basic
major of undergraduate.
 How?
12

How to analysis electric circuit?

Equation Symbolic Schematic Matrix

Spreadsheet Solver Editors solvers
Computation
13 Using Spread Sheets
Pictures can also be presented more dramatically in widescreen.
 Spread sheets
14

 A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application program

for organization and analysis of data in tabular form.
 Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of
paper accounting worksheets.
 The program operates on data represented as cells of an
array, organized in rows and columns.
 Examples of spread sheet utilities
15

❑Open Source and Free Software

Cloud and On-line Spreadsheets that are Standalone
Spreadsheets parts of suites spreadsheets
• Sheetster • Gnumeric • Bean Sheet
• Simple Spreadsheet • KSpread • GNU Oleo
• Tiki Wiki CMS • LibreOffice Calc • Kingsoft Spreadsheets
Groupware • NeoOffice Free 2012
• wikiCalc (now called • OpenOffice.org Calc
SocialCalc)
 Examples of spread sheet utilities
16

• Online spreadsheets
• Spreadsheets that are parts of suites
• Stand alone spreadsheets
Proprietary • Multi-Dimensional spreadsheets
software • Spreadsheets on different paradigms
• Spreadsheet-related developmental software
• Add-ins and spreadsheet assisting apps

❑ Wikipedia (List of spreadsheet software)

 Spreadsheet main functions
17

Data Manipulation

• Calculations
• Statistics
• Database

Graphing

• Plots

Automation

• Different Paradigm Programmability

Reporting

• Formatting and Printing

 Microsoft Excel
18

 Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed

by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS.
 It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a
macro programming language called Visual Basic for
Applications.
 It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these
platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has
replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for
spreadsheets
 Microsoft Excel 2007
19

 Microsoft Excel has the basic

features of all spreadsheets, Workbook
using a grid of cells arranged
Categories
in numbered rows and letter
named columns to organize Commands
data manipulations like Cell
arithmetic operations.
Range
 Cell Example: A1, C8
 Range Example: C3:C12 Worksheet Cell
 Cell Formatting
20

Direct Editing
(F2)

 Each cell contain a constant or

variable (Formula) of a
selectable format(Data Type).
 Series Extension
21
 Simple Formulas
22
 Cell Referring
23

 The extension is performed

via mouse movement.
 References to cells inside a
certain formula would be
extended in accordance to
mouse movement.
 Fixing of reference can be
made using the dollar sign “$”
 Switch between cell reference
F4.
 Using Function
24
 Simple Charts
25
 Excel as programming tool
26

 Each cell presents a constant or variable.

 Each work sheet presents one function.
 Loops are made by formula application
 Parameter and loops should be perpendicular.
 Conditions are made by if function.
 Recommended arrangement
27

Constants

Parameters
 Application Examples
28

 Different frequency sin wave generation

 Rectifier Circuit
 Delta-Start Transformation
 Series and Parallel
 Mesh-current
Example

Different frequency sin wave generation

29

 V=Vm sin(wt+q) Constan

ts
 w = 2pf
f, w, Vm
 Vm can be changed
 f varies 1 to 10Hz
 wt varies 0 to 2p
 Solution
30
Example

Full Wave Rectifier Circuit

31

 Vs=Vm sin(wt+q)
Constants
 w = 2pf
 Vm can be changed
f, w, Vm
 f can be change
 wt varies 0 to 2p
 R can be changed
 Vo=|Vs|
 Draw current waveform
Example

Delta-Start Transformation
32

R AB RCA
R AN =
R AB + RBC + RCA

RBC R AB
RBN =
R AB + RBC + RCA

RCARBC
RCN =
R AB + RBC + RCA
Example

Delta-Start Transformation
33

Z AN Z BN + Z BN ZCN + ZCN Z AN
Z AB =
ZCN

Z AN Z BN + Z BN ZCN + ZCN Z AN
Z BC =
Z AN

Z AN Z BN + Z BN ZCN + ZCN Z AN
ZCA =
Z BN
 Solution
34
 Solution Complex
35
Example

Series and Parallel

36
Example

Mesh-current
37

 In matrix form
 RI=V
 I = R-1V (Matrix Inverse evaluation is performed
by several programs)
 The construction of network matrix R is usually
complex and requires some drawing or scripting.
Example

Mesh-current
38
Example

Mesh-current Calculations
39
 Example
40
41 Thank you
42 Using Circuit Analogy with Engineering Systems
 What is analogy?
43

 Analogy is a cognitive process of

transferring information or meaning from
a particular subject (the analogue or
source) to another particular subject (the
target), or a linguistic expression
corresponding to such a process.
 Why this analogy exists?
44

 Engineering systems depends on energy.

Quantity Symbol Energy Note
Volt V Potential Energy work done to move charge
Current I Kinetic Energy rate of flow
Resistance R Consumed energy proportional (v = R i)
Inductance L Stores energy, controls current differential (v = L di/dt)
Capacitance C Stores energy, controls voltage Integral ( v=1/C  i(t)dt

 Several energy systems can be analyzed using the above elements.

 Magnetic Circuits
45

Magnetic Electric
Magneto motive force (NI) V
Flux () I
Reluctance () R

 Using SI units is mandatory

 Kirchhoff laws applies
 Equivalent Circuit
46
 Using Excel for Net-List Generation
47
 Rotational Motion
48

dw
J =  T + Bw
dt
di
L = V + Ri
dt
 Analogy
49

Mechanical Analog I Mechanical Analog II

Electrical Quantity
(Force-Current) (Force Voltage)
Voltage, e Velocity, v Force, f
Current, i Force, f Velocity, v
Lubricity, 1/B
Resistance, R Friction, B
(Inverse friction)
Compliance, 1/K
Capacitance, C Mass, M
(Inverse spring constant)
Compliance, 1/K
Inductance, L Mass, M
(Inverse spring constant)
Transformer, N1:N2 Lever, L1:L2 Lever, L1:L2

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/Analogs/ElectricalMechanicalAnalogs.html
 Thermal and Electrical Conduction
50

V = R. I
T = Rt .q

http://www.egr.msu.edu/~raguin/ME812/FinalProjects/Lindberg_FinalProject.htm
 Water flow analogy
51

http://faculty.wwu.edu/~vawter/physicsnet/topics/DC-Current/WaterFlowAnalog.html
52 Thank you