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Class12 Physics Ch1 Notes Formulas Combined

This document provides detailed notes on electric charges and fields, covering fundamental concepts such as electric charge, conductors, insulators, and methods of charging. It includes key formulas like Coulomb's Law and the electric field equations for point charges and dipoles. The document also explains the superposition principle and the characteristics of electric field lines.

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22 views2 pages

Class12 Physics Ch1 Notes Formulas Combined

This document provides detailed notes on electric charges and fields, covering fundamental concepts such as electric charge, conductors, insulators, and methods of charging. It includes key formulas like Coulomb's Law and the electric field equations for point charges and dipoles. The document also explains the superposition principle and the characteristics of electric field lines.

Uploaded by

sunnykumar64686888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 Physics - Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields - Detailed Notes and Formulas

Introduction

This chapter focuses on electric charges and fields. It introduces the basic concepts of

electrostatics, including Coulomb's Law, electric fields, and dipoles.

Electric Charge

- Property of matter due to which it experiences electric force.

- Two types: Positive and Negative.

- Like charges repel, unlike attract.

- Charge is quantized: q = n*e (where e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C).

- Charge is conserved.

Conductors and Insulators

- Conductors: Allow charge flow (e.g., metals).

- Insulators: Do not allow charge flow (e.g., rubber, wood).

Methods of Charging

- By Friction: Rubbing two different materials.

- By Conduction: Contact with a charged body.

- By Induction: Rearrangement of charges without contact.

Coulombs Law

F = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (q1 * q2 / r^2)

epsilon_0 = 8.85 x 10^-12 C^2/Nm^2

(1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) = 9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2

Superposition Principle

- Net force on a charge is the vector sum of forces from all other charges.

Electric Field (E)


- E = F / q0 = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (q / r^2)

- Vector quantity, direction is same as force on positive charge.

Electric Field Lines

- Start from positive, end on negative.

- Denser lines = stronger field.

- Never intersect.

Electric Dipole

- Two equal and opposite charges separated by distance 2a.

- Dipole moment: p = q * 2a, direction from -q to +q.

Electric Field due to Dipole

- Axial Line: E = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (2p / r^3)

- Equatorial Line: E = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (p / r^3)

Torque on a Dipole

torque = p x E = p * E * sin(theta)

Important Formulas Summary

- Charge quantization: q = n*e

- Coulombs Law: F = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (q1 * q2 / r^2)

- Electric field: E = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (q / r^2)

- Dipole moment: p = q * 2a

- Field on axial line: E = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (2p / r^3)

- Field on equatorial line: E = (1 / 4pi*epsilon_0) * (p / r^3)

- Torque: torque = p * E * sin(theta)

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