Project Work Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

of
Bachelor in Pharmacy
(B. Pharm)

Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Powder Shampoo

By
Mr. Kunal Paradkar
Enrollment No:- 0847PY211051

Under the guidance of

Ms.RUCHI JAIN
LNCT School of Pharmacy Village
Kanadiya, Indore (M.P.)

LNCT SCHOOL OF PHARMACY

VILLAGE KANADIYA, INDORE (M.P.)
 LNCT SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
VILLAGE KANADIYA, INDORE (M.P.)

Declaration by the Student

I Mr. Kunal Paradkar bearing Enrollment No 0847PY211051 hereby declare that this project
report entitled “Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Powder Shampoo” has been prepared
by me towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Pharmacy
(B. Pharm) Degree under the guidance of “Ms. RUCHI JAIN , Associate Professor,
LNCT School of Pharmacy, Indore.”

Place:- Indore

(Signature of Candidate)
Mr. Kunal Paradkar
EnrollmentNo. 0 8 4 7 P Y 2 1 1 0 5 1
 LNCT SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
VILLAGE KANADIYA, INDORE (M.P.)

Certificate by the Supervisor

I hereby declare that the Project report entitled “Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal
Powder Shampoo” submitted to the LNCT School of Pharmacy, Indore (M.P.) is a record
of an original work done by Name of Student Mr. Kunal Pradakar bearing
Enrollment No.0847PY211051 under the guidance of Ms. Ruchi Jain Associate
Professor, LNCT School of Pharmacy, Indore and this Project report is submitted in the
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy
(B. Pharm).
Place:- Indore

(Signature of Supervisor) (Signature of Principal)

Associate Professor Principal
LNCT School of Pharmacy LNCT School of Pharmacy
Indore (M.P.) Indore (M.P.)

Signature External Examiner

 Acknowledgment

This project is not one person’s solitary effort. Its successful completion is the result of many
different people to whom I owe a debt beyond repayment. Unfortunately, I can’t acknowledge my
indebtedness to all these people, so I must necessarily limit my thanks to those who have helped me
directly in making my project work an incredibly pleasant task and to give final shape.

First of all, I express my deep gratitude to Ms. RUCHI JAIN , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR LNCT
INDORE who initiated this study and also helped me by giving their valuable comments at every
stage of my project.

I also express my sincere gratitude towards my Indore for giving me the opportunity to work under
his guidance on Project report on “Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Powder
Shampoo” I am thankful to respondents to give their precious time and co-operation.

I am also thankful to all the faculty members who guided and helped me very kindly at each and
every step whenever I required as they supported me with full interest. I also acknowledge & convey
thanks to the management department of LNCT SCHOOL OF PHARMACY INDORE for their
kind and valuable support.

KUNAL PRADAKAR

B.PHARMACY VIII Sem.

0847PY211051

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 ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

The increasing consumer demand for herbal and natural products in personal care has significantly
influenced the formulation of cosmetic products, especially shampoos. Conventional synthetic
shampoos often contain chemical surfactants, preservatives, and fragrances that may lead to adverse
effects such as scalp irritation, dryness, hair fall, and environmental toxicity. As a safer, eco-friendly,
and sustainable alternative, herbal formulations have gained popularity due to their biocompatibility,
biodegradability, and therapeutic efficacy. This research focuses on the development and
comprehensive evaluation of a polyherbal powder shampoo formulated using a blend of selected
medicinal plant powders with known cleansing, conditioning, antimicrobial, and hair-strengthening
properties.

The primary objective of this study was to formulate a stable and effective herbal powder shampoo
using Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha), Acacia concinna (Shikakai), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla),
Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus), among others. These herbs were
selected based on traditional usage and reported pharmacological activities..

The formulated shampoo was subjected to a series of physicochemical evaluations to assess its quality
and effectiveness. Parameters such as organoleptic characteristics (color, texture, odor), pH, foam
producing ability, dirt dispersion, surface tension, wetting time, and conditioning performance were
tested using standard protocols.The formulation also exhibited favorable conditioning effects, reducing
hair tangling and improving smoothness upon application.

In conclusion, the polyherbal powder shampoo developed in this study offers a promising natural
alternative to synthetic hair care products. It combines the advantages of traditional herbal wisdom and
modern evaluation techniques to deliver a product that is both effective and safe. Future work may
involve scaling up production, conducting clinical efficacy trials, and developing liquid formulations
based on the current powder prototype.

v
 Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-5

Chapter 2: Literature Review 6-8
Chapter 3: Aim and Objective of Study 9-10
Chapter 4: Plan of Work 11-12
Chapter 5: Process Of Making Powder 13-27
Chapter 6: Material and Methods 28-35
36-38
Chapter 7: Results and Discussion
37
Table 1 : Organoleptic and general powder characters evaluation
Table 2: Angle of Repose calculation of herbal powder 38
Table 3: Physicochemical Property 38

Chapter 8: Conclusion 39-40

References 41-43

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 List of Figures

Figure No. Title Page No.

Fig 1.1 Structure of Human Hair 2

Fig 1.2 Hair growth cycle 5

Fig 5.1 Dry Neem Leaves 20

Fig 5.2 Neem Powder 20

Fig 5.3 hibiscus 21

Fig 5.4 Dried shikakai pods 22

Fig 5.5 Dried shikakai pods Powder 22

Fig 5.6 Dried Reetha Fruits 23

Fig 5.7 Dried Reetha fruits Powder 23

Fig 5.8 Fenugreek seeds 24

Fig 5.9 Amla Fruit & Powder 25

Fig 6.1 Partical Size 29

Fig 6.2 Organoleptic Evaluation 31

Fig 6.3 Angle of Repose 32

Fig 6.4 Bulk Density of Powder 33

Fig 6.5 pH Test For herbal Powder 34

Fig 6.6 Foaming test for Herbal Powder 34

Fig 6.7 Test for Ash Value 35

vii
 List of Figures
List of Tables
Table No. Tittle Page No.

Table 5.1 General Powder Characteristics 26

Table 5.2 Physicochemical Evaluation of Formulated Powder Shampoo 27

Table 7.1 Organoleptic and general powder characters evaluation 37

Table 7.2 Angle of Repose calculation of herbal powder 38

Table 7.3 Physicochemical Property 38

viii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

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HUMAN HAIR
Despite its seemingly simple appearance, a hair strand is one of the body's most intricate structures.
Hair consists of two distinct structural components. The area beneath your skin is called the hair
follicle, and the area visible above it is called the hair shaft. 95% of hair is made of keratin.
Ectoderm from the skin gives rise to vital body parts like hair, nails, and the sebaceous and sweat
glands. Hair also serves as a protective covering for the body. Because they are derived from the
epidermis during embryological development, they are also known as epidermal derivatives. Your
hair grows and is held in place in the hair follicle. At the bottom of the follicle, a piece of tissue
called the papilla contains tiny blood vessels.
Hairs are the integral part of human beauty. People are using herbs for cleaning, beautifying and
managing hair since the ancient era the specialization of branded shampoo products for the hair and
scalp, offered in multiplicity of types and forms. Now, washing the hair and scalp with shampoo has
become a nearly universal practice. Shampoos are probably the most widely used hair products today,
based on synthetic ingredients as well as herbal ingredients. Shampoos are of various types, like
powder shampoo, clear liquid shampoo liquid shampoo, lotion shampoo, solid gel shampoo,
medicated shampoo, liquid herbal shampoo etc. Dandruff is known to be controlled by fungi static
ingredients in anti-dandruff shampoos. Herbal formulation have growing demand in the world
market. The natural remedies are more acceptable in market because it’s safe and fewer side effect
antidandruff shampoo and nutritional shampoo containing vitamin, amino acids proteins hydrolysate.
Currently available treatment of dandruff include therapeutic use of zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid,
imidazole derivatives, glycolic acid, steroids, and sulphur and coal tar derivatives. However, these
agents show certain limitations, either due to poor clinical efficacy or due to the furthermore
compliance issues, these drugs are unable to prevent recurrence. The synthetic shampoo contains
cationic, anionic and non-anionic surfactant mix in this surfactant having good foaming character but
its toxic and caused irritation of eye. So, these synthetic shampoos are found to have side effects like
drying effect on the hair. These shampoos leave the hair too dry to handle or comb, to avoid these
problems, herbal shampoos will be useful.

HAIR STRUCTURE:

Fig 1.1: Structure of Human Hair

➢ Hair Shaft: The hair shaft is the part of the hair that we can see. The shaft is the visible part

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 of the hair that sticks out of the skin. The hair root is in the skin and extends down to the deeper
layers of the skin. Each hair shaft is made up of two or three layers: the cuticle, the cortex, and
sometimes the medulla. the layer of hair shaft:

• The Inner Layer: This is called the medulla. Depending on the type of hair, the medulla isn’t
always present.

• The Middle Layer: This is called the cortex, which makes up most of the hair shaft. The
medulla and the cortex contain pigmenting cells responsible for giving hair color.
• The Outer Layer: This is called the cuticle, which is formed by tightly packed scales in an
overlapping structure that resembles roof shingles. Many hair conditioning products are
formulated to clean the cuticle by smoothing its structure.
A hair is composed of columns of dead, keratinized cells welded together. The shaft is a superficial
portion of the hair, which projects from the surface of the skin. The shaft of straight hair is rounded
in cross section, that of wavy hair is oval and that of wooly hair is elliptical or kidney shaped. The
root is the portion of the hair deep into the surface that penetrates into the dermis and sometimes
into the subcutaneous layer. The shaft and root both consist of three concentric layers. Medulla: It
is the central part of the shaft and is generally noticeable in thick hair. It is composed of two or
three rows of polyhedral cells containing pigment granules and air spaces. Cortex: It is located
peripheral to the medulla and forms the major part of the shaft. It consists of elongated cells,
containing pigment granules in dark hair while air in white hair.

Dandruff :

The relationship between dandruff and seborrhea dermatitis has at times been controversial. While
most investigators regard seborrhea dermatitis of the scalp as severe dandruff, others believe that
dandruff should be used to describe any flaking of the scalp. A normal scalp has few flakes and
healthy looking, smooth skin. Dandruff is clinical condition caused by Malassezia (Pityrosporum)
species is of great cosmetic concern all over the world. Pityrosporium ovale is strongly suspected
to play a role in the manifestation of the seborrhea dermatitis. Dandruff is known to be controlled
by fungistatic ingredients in anti-dandruff shampoos. Herbal formulation have growing demand in
the world market. The natural remedies are more acceptable in market because it’s safe and fewer
side effect. Antidandruff shampoo and nutritional shampoo containing vitamin, amino acids
proteins hydrolysate. A shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant i.e. surface active material in a
suitable form like liquid, solid or powder, which when used under the specified conditions will
remove surface grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting
the user.

Herbal Shampoo:
―Herbal shampoos are the cosmetic preparations that with the use of traditional ayurvedic herbs are

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meant for cleansing the hair and scalp just like the regular shampoo.‖ They are used for removal of
oils, dandruff, dirt, environmental pollutions etc. Ideal Characteristics of Shampoo:

 Should effectively and completely remove the dust, excessive sebum.  Should effectively wash
hair.

 The shampoo should be easily removed by rinsing with water.

 Should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.

 Should not have any side effects or cause irritation to skin or eye.

 To make the hair smooth and shiny.

 Produce good amount of foam.

 Should not cause irritation to scalp, skin and eye.

 Should completely, effectively remove dirt.

 Impart pleasant fragrance to hair.

 Good biodegradability.

 Low toxicity.

 Slightly acidic (pH less than 7) since a basic environment weakens the hair by breaking the
disulphide bonds in hair keratin.

Shampoos are of the following types:

1. Powder Shampoo
2. Liquid Shampoo
3. Lotion Shampoo
4. Cream Shampoo
5. Jelly Shampoo
6. Aerosol Shampoo
7. Specialized Shampoo :

 Conditioning Shampoo  Anti‐dandruff Shampoo  Baby Shampoo  Two Layer Shampoo

Composition of shampoo:

 Surfactant

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 Antidandruff agents

 Conditioning agents

 Pearlescent agents

 Sequestrants

 Thickening agents

 Colours, perfumes and preservatives

The poly herbal shampoo powder was formulated using natural ingredients with shikakai, reetha,
aloevera, hibiscus, neem, curry leaves, orange peel, methi, Kapoor karchi, babchi etc. powder of all
these natural ingredients. Also it contains the synthetic sodium lauryl sulphate which acts as foaming
agent and surfactant.

GROWTH CYCLE OF HAIR

Fig 1.2: Hair growth cycle

Hair growth cycle consists of four phases:

1. Anagen (growth phase): It is the growing phase. The anagen phase is when
your hairgrows your hair follicle forms a new hair shaft.
2. Catagen (transitional phase): During this phase the hair follicle shrinks
and hairgrowth slows. ∙af
3. Telogen (resting phase): It is the resting phase where hair growth stops and
new hairbegins the growth phase, pushing the old hair out. ∙
4. Exogen phase (last phase): It is hair growth cycle where hair strand
completelydetaches from the scalp and sheds off. (4)

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Dhayanithi set. 2021 : The aim of the article is to formulate a pure herbal shampoo and to
evaluate its physicochemical properties. The shampoo is enriched with herbal extracts without any
synthetic additives. Khaloud Al Badi, Shah A. Khan: The study's goal was to create a pure herbal
shampoo and compare its physicochemical qualities to those of commercially available synthetic
and herbal shampoos. The herbal shampoo was created by combining extracts of Acacia concinna,
Sapindus mukorossi, Phyllanthus emblica, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Citrus aurantifolia in various
amounts with a 10% aqueous gelatin solution. As a preservative, a little quantity of methylparaben
was added, and the pH was corrected using citric acid. Several experiments were done to establish
the physicochemical features of both produced and marketed shampoos, including visual inspection,
pH, wetting time, percentage of solid components, foam volume and stability, surface tension,
detergency, filth dispersion, and so on. The conditioning efficiency of the prepared herbal shampoo
was also examined by giving a blind test to 20 student volunteers. The herbal shampoo formulation
was clear and inviting. It displayed powerful cleansing and detergency after 5 minutes, as well as
low surface tension, tiny bubble size, and high foam stability.
2. Pawan Maurya, Shashikant maurya, Piyush Yadav, Manoj kumar Yadav, Suraj
Maurya, Satyam jaysawal. (2021) Herbal shampoo is the natural hair care products which isuse to
remove grease, dirt, dandruff and promote hair growth, strengthens and darkness of thehair. It is also
provide softness, smoothness, and shines for the hair.
3. SuchitaGokhale June 2020 : The shampoo sector is probably the largest unit sale among the
hair care products since shampoos are one of the cosmetic products used in daily life. The herbal
shampoo was Formulated using natural ingredient like Moringa, Aloe vera, and Hibiscus with
proven efficacy of hair care preparation is prepared. The combination of several such ingredient of
herbal origin has made it possible to secure highly effective herbal shampoo. The formulation at
laboratory scale was done and evaluated for number of parameters to ensure its safety and efficacy.
4. Vinayak M. Chavan, Kundan J. Tiwari Kiran A. Suryavanshi, Aditya S. Bhor. (2019)
The formulation at laboratory scale was done and evaluated for number of parameters such aspH,
foam formulation, viscosity, conditioning and wet ability werw evaluated, and also to ensure its
safety and efficacy.
5. Priya D. Gaikwad 2018 : The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal
shampoo for cosmetic purpose from herbal ingredients. Hibiscus powder, Neem powder, Henna
powder, Amla powder, Shikakai powder, Reetha powder, Aloe-vera gel was procured from local
market in powdered form also gel form Banyan root powder and Soya milk is prepared by homemade
method, then prepared decoction of these ingredients and mixing with each other and evaluated for
it’s organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics. Herbal shampoo is used to cleansing of the
hair also conditioning, smoothing, of the hair surface, good health of hair, hair free of dandruff, dirt
grease and lice above all, it’s safety benefits are expected.
6. Utane R, Deo S and Itankar P. (2017) We are utilizing manufactured items for our hair,
losing their magnificence, quality, strength, volume and shine. Every single manufactured item like
cleanser contains a destructive substance which is in charge of damage of hair.

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7. Preethi P. Jaya, Padmini K., Srikanth J., Lohita M., Swetha K., Rao P. Vengal (2013),
Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily beenproducts
aimed at cleansing the hair and scalp. A more radical approach in popularizing herbal shampoo
would be to change the consumers’ expectations from a shampoo, with emphasis on safety and
efficacy. The present paper emphasizes on composition, types, methods of evaluation, also a brief
review on herbal shampoo formulations.
8. Solihah MA, Wan R, Nurhanan (2012) WI. Phytochemical screening and total phenolic
content of Malaysian zea mays hair extract. International Food Research Journal.
9. Ali HS, Kadhim RB (2011). Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo from Ziziphus
spina leaves extract. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy.
10. VIJAYALAKSHMI A, SANGEETHA S, RANJITH N(2011): The purpose of this study is to
create and develop a herbal shampoo and evaluate its physiochemical function, with an emphasis
on safety, efficacy, and the elimination of dangerous synthetic chemicals in favor of safe natural
ones. Shampoo formulated in various amounts using extracts of Emblica officinalis, Hibiscus rosa-
sinensis, Acacia concinna, Sapindus indicia, Eclipta prostrate, Aloe barbadensis, and Cassia
auriculata. Organoleptic, physicochemical, and performance tests were evaluated in terms of visual
evaluation, wetting time test, pH, solid content assurance, surface tension, detergency, dirt
dispersion, conditioning performance, foam volume, and stability. It demonstrated excellent foam
stability, detergency, cleanliness, small bubble size, low surface strain, and efficient conditioning
execution.
11. Ishita Kumari, Ishita Sarkar, Ishika Sanyashi, Sayak Das and Rajat Das(2011): The
shampoo contains amla fruit, which is high in vitamin A and other minerals and helps to reduce hair
loss, neem leaf, which helps to seal hair follicles, treat head lice, and condition the scalp, and reetha
fruit, an anti-inflammatory herb used to treat dandruff and other scalp infections. The goal of this
project .is to assess and produce herbal shampoo made entirely of natural ingredients, with a focus
on efficacy and safety. Azadirachta indica leaves and fruits of Phyllanthus emblica and Sapindus
mukorossi were utilized in the formulation, which was tested for physical qualities and appearance,
pH, wetness, skin irritation, form development, and stability.
12. Abdulkarim K. Y. Alzomor Wafa M. Al-Madhagi, Nahlah M. Sallam, Haytham Mojamel,
Mostafa M. Alawar, Abdulfattah G. Al-Hetari(2010): Herbs are frequently employed as
therapeutic agents in light of contemporary scientific and technical advancements. This study sought
to develop and assess the safety and efficacy of a herbal antidandruff shampoo derived from
Ziziphus spinachristi (Sidr) leaf extract, which has traditionally been used for a variety of medicinal
and aesthetic applications. Sidr leaves were extracted using maceration and ethanol as a solvent. The
plant extract's antifungal activity was evaluated against M. furfur. The extract was tested in vivo on
rats with daily oral dosages (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 28 days, followed by an examination of
biochemical and histological markers. Following that, the plant extract was made into a shampoo
and evaluated for antidandruff effectiveness on 80 volunteers..

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 CHAPTER 3
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

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 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM: - Formulation and evaluation

ofHerbalShampooPowder.Objectives: -

1. To formulate the herbal shampoo.

2. To evaluate the herbal shampoo.

3. To reduce side effects of chemical formulation.

4. To improve hair texture.

5. To darkening the hair colour.

6. To imparting gloss to hair and to maintain their manageability and oiliness for hairs.

7. To reduce dandruff by using herbs.

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 CHAPTER 4
PLAN OF WORK

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 Plan of Work:

1. Literature Survey
- Review of traditional and scientific literature on herbal ingredients used for hair care.
- Study of existing formulations, methods, and evaluation parameters for herbal shampoos.
2. Selection and Authentication of Plant Materials
- Selection of herbs based on traditional use and scientific evidence (e.g., Reetha, Shikakai, Amla,
Neem, Hibiscus, Fenugreek).
- Procurement from reliable sources.
- Authentication of plant materials by a botanist or pharmacognosist.
3. Preparation of Herbal Powders
- Cleaning and drying of plant materials under shade or controlled conditions.
- Pulverizing the dried materials using a grinder.
- Sieving to obtain fine powder (standard mesh size).
- Storage in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption.
4. Formulation of Polyherbal Powder Shampoo
- Mixing herbal powders in different ratios to prepare multiple trial batches.
- Selection of the best formulation based on preliminary evaluation.
5. Evaluation of Formulation
- Organoleptic Evaluation: Color, odor, texture, and feel.
- Physicochemical Parameters:
- pH of the powder solution
- Foaming ability and foam stability
- Dirt dispersion test
- Surface tension
- Cleansing efficiency
- Phytochemical Screening: Detection of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, etc.
- Microbial Load Testing: Total viable count and fungal contamination (if applicable).

6. Stability Studies
- Storage of the formulation under different environmental conditions (e.g., room temp,
humidity).
- Evaluation of physical and chemical stability over a defined period.

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 CHAPTER 5
PROCESS OF MAKING POWDER

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 Neem

Process of Making Neem Powder and How It Is ObtainedNeem powder is made

from the dried leaves, bark, or seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). It is
widely used in skincare, haircare, and medicine due to its antibacterial, antifungal,
and anti-inflammatory properties.

Steps to Make Neem Powder

1. Collection of Neem-
Leaves, Bark, or Seeds -Neem leaves: Fresh, mature leaves are plucked from the
neem tree.Neem bark: The bark is carefully stripped from the tree and dried.Neem
seeds: Collected from ripe neem fruits, then dried and processed.

2. Cleaning –
The collected neem parts are washed thoroughly to remove dust, dirt, and insects.

3. Drying –
The neem leaves, bark, or seeds are spread out under shade (to retain nutrients) or
dried in a dehydrator at low temperatures. Drying can take 5–7 days under natural
conditions or a few hours in a dehydrator.

4. Grinding-
Once fully dried, the neem leaves, bark, or seeds are ground into a fine powder
using a grinder, blender, or milling machine.
Storage -The neem powder is stored in airtight containers to maintain freshness
and prevent moisture contamination. It is kept in a cool, dry place for long-term
use .

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 Hibiscus

Making hibiscus flower powder involves several steps, starting from harvesting
the flowers to grinding them into a fine powder. Here's the detailed process:
1. Harvesting the Flowers
 Choose fresh, fully bloomed hibiscus flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa is the most
commonly used variety).
 Harvest the flowers early in the morning when they have the highest concentration
of nutrients.

2. Cleaning the Flowers

 Remove the petals from the calyx (the green base of the flower).
 Rinse them thoroughly under running water to remove dirt, dust, and any insects.
 Pat dry with a clean towel or let them air dry for a few minutes.

3. Drying the Petals

 Sun Drying: Spread the petals on a clean tray under the sun for 3–5 days until they
become crisp.
 Shade Drying: Place them in a well-ventilated, shaded area to retain more color
and nutrients.

4. Grinding into Powder

 Once fully dried, grind the petals using a blender, spice grinder, or mortar and
pestle.
 Sift the powder through a fine mesh sieve for a smooth texture.

5. Storing the Powder.

 Store in an airtight container, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
 Keep it in a cool, dry place to maintain freshness and potency.

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 Shikakai

1. Harvesting
 Shikakai pods, leaves, and bark are collected from mature Acacia concinna trees.
The best time for harvesting is usually after the pods have fully matured and dried
on the tree.

2. Cleaning
 The collected pods, leaves, and bark are thoroughly washed to remove dirt, debris,
and insects.

3. Drying
 These parts are then spread out in direct sunlight for drying. This process usually
takes a few days, depending on the weather. Proper drying is essential to prevent
fungal growth and to ensure the preservation of nutrients.

4. Grinding
 Once completely dried, the materials are ground into a fine powder using a grinder
or traditional stone mills. Some commercial producers may sieve the powder to
get a finer texture.

5. Storage
 The freshly ground shikakai powder is stored in an airtight container to maintain
its potency. It should be kept in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture absorption.

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 Reetha

1. Harvesting Reetha Fruits

 Reetha trees produce small, round fruits that turn yellowish-brown when ripe.
 The fruits are collected after they fall naturally or are handpicked from the tree.

2. Drying the Fruits

 The collected reetha fruits are washed to remove dirt and impurities.
 They are then sun-dried for several days until they become hard and brittle.

3. Removing the Seeds

 Once dried, the outer shells of the soapnuts are cracked open to remove the black
seeds inside.
 The seeds are discarded or used for other purposes, while the outer shells are used
for making powder.

4. Grinding the Dried Shells

 The dried shells are ground into a fine powder using a grinder or mill.
 The powder is then sieved to ensure a smooth, uniform texture.

5. Packaging and Storage

 The fine reetha powder is packed in airtight containers or pouches to maintain its
quality.
 It should be stored in a dry place to prevent moisture absorption.

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 Fenugreek Seeds Powder

1. Harvesting the Seeds

 Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) is cultivated in many regions, including
India, the Middle East, and North Africa.
 The seeds are harvested from mature fenugreek plants when the pods turn yellow
and begin to dry.
 The pods are then collected and threshed to separate the seeds.

2. Cleaning the Seeds

 The seeds are cleaned to remove any dirt, dust, or unwanted particles.
 They may be washed and dried again to ensure purity.

3. Drying the Seeds

 To enhance the grinding process, the seeds must be completely dry.
 They are sun-dried for a few days or dried in a low-heat oven or dehydrator.

4. Grinding
 The dried (or roasted) seeds are ground into a fine powder using a spice grinder,
food processor, or mortar and pestle.

5. Storing the Powder

 The powder is stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place to prevent
moisture and loss of aroma.
 It can last for several months if stored properly.

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 Amla Powder

1. Selection of Amla
 Fresh, ripe amla fruits are selected.
 The best quality amlas are firm, bright green, and free from blemishes.

2. Washing and Cleaning

 The fruits are thoroughly washed in clean water to remove dirt and impurities.

3. Cutting and Deseeding

 Amlas are cut into small pieces, and the seeds are removed.

4. Drying Process
 Sun-drying takes 4–5 days, while a dehydrator speeds up the process.
 Proper drying ensures that all moisture is removed to prevent spoilage.

5. Grinding
 Once completely dry, the amla pieces are ground into a fine powder using a
grinder or mill.

6. Sieving and Storage

 The powder is sieved to remove coarse particles, ensuring a smooth consistency.
 It is then stored in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption.

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 Procedure for Making Neem Powder

Materials Required:
- Fresh neem leaves (Azadirachta indica)
- Clean water
- Muslin cloth or strainer
- Tray or clean surface for drying Fig 5.1: Dry Neem Leaves
- Grinder or blender
- Airtight container for storage

Step-by-Step Method:

1. Collection: Fig 5.2: Neem Powder

- Collect fresh, green, and healthy neem leaves from a clean, pesticide-free
environment.
2. Cleaning:
- Wash the leaves thoroughly 2–3 times under running water to remove
dirt, dust, and insects.
- Drain excess water and spread the leaves on a muslin cloth or sieve
to remove surface moisture.
3. Drying:
- Spread the neem leaves in a thin layer on a clean tray or cloth in a shaded,
well-ventilated area.
- Avoid direct sunlight to preserve the phytochemicals and color.
- Dry the leaves for 5–7 days or until they become crisp and break easily.
4. Grinding:
- Once fully dried, grind the neem leaves using a grinder, mixer, or
pulverizer into a fine powder.
- You may sieve the powder through a fine mesh to get a uniform texture.
5. Storage:
- Store the neem powder in an airtight, moisture-proof container.
- Label with the date of preparation and keep in a cool, dry place away
from sunlight.

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 Procedure for Making Hibiscus Powder

Materials Required:
- Fresh hibiscus flowers (preferably Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
- Clean water
- Tray or drying surface
- Muslin cloth or strainer
- Grinder or blender
- Fine mesh sieve (optional)
- Airtight container for storage
Fig 5.3: hibiscus

Step-by-Step Method:
1. Collection:
- Pluck fresh, mature hibiscus flowers (preferably red for higher anthocyanin content).
- Separate the petals from the base of the flower (discard the calyx and stamen).
2. Cleaning:
- Rinse the petals gently under running water to remove dust and debris.
- Shake off excess water and spread them on a muslin cloth or towel to air-dry for a few
hours.
3. Drying:
- Spread the petals evenly on a clean tray or cloth in a shaded, well-ventilated area.
- Dry for 4–6 days, or until petals become crisp and brittle.
- Avoid direct sunlight to preserve color and active constituents (like flavonoids and
mucilage).
4. Grinding:
- Once fully dried, grind the petals into a fine powder using a clean, dry grinder or
mixer.
- Sieve the powder using a fine mesh to ensure uniformity.
5. Storage:
- Store the powder in an airtight, opaque container to protect from light and moisture.

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 Procedure for Making Shikakai Powder

Materials Required:
- Dried shikakai pods (Acacia concinna)
- Clean water (optional, for initial cleaning)
- Grinder or pulverizer
Fig 5.4 Dried shikakai pods
- Fine mesh sieve
- Airtight container for storage

Step-by-Step Method:

Fig 5.5: Dried shikakai pods Powder

1. Collection:

- Obtain good quality dried shikakai pods, which are dark brown and brittle.
- These are often available pre-dried in herbal markets, or you can sun-dry fresh pods.
2. Cleaning:
- If not already clean, rinse the dried pods quickly in water to remove dust or debris.
- Immediately dry under shade for 1–2 days to remove surface moisture completely.
3. Breaking:
- Break the pods into smaller pieces using a mortar and pestle or a rolling pin for easier grinding.
4. Grinding:
- Grind the broken pods using a grinder or pulverizer until a fine powder is obtained.
- You may need to grind in batches depending on the quantity and grinder capacity.
5. Sieving:
- Sieve the ground powder through a fine mesh (e.g., 80–100 mesh) to ensure uniform particle
size.
- Regrind any coarse residue left on the sieve.
6. Storage:
- Store the final shikakai powder in an airtight, dry container.
- Keep it in a cool, dark place, away from moisture to preserve quality and prevent clumping.

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 Procedure for Making Reetha Powder

Materials Required:
- Dried Reetha fruits (Sapindus mukorossi)
- Clean water (optional for cleaning)
- Mortar & pestle or hammer (for breaking shells)
- Grinder or pulverizer Fig 5.6 : Dried Reetha fruits
- Fine mesh sieve
- Airtight container for storage

Step-by-Step Method:
Fig 5.7: Dried Reetha fruits Powder
1. Collection:

- Collect good-quality dried Reetha fruits (brown, hard, and slightly glossy).
- If starting with fresh fruits, remove seeds and dry the shells thoroughly before use.
2. Cleaning:
- Quickly rinse the dried shells in water to remove dust and impurities.
- Spread them on a cloth or tray to dry under shade until completely moisture-free (usually 1–2
days).
3. Deseeding:
- If the fruits are not already deseeded, crack them open using a mortar and pestle or small
hammer and remove the black seeds.
- Use only the outer soapnut shell, which contains the active cleansing agent.
4. Breaking and Drying:
- Break the shells into small pieces for easier grinding.
- Ensure they are completely dry to prevent moisture in the final powder.
5. Grinding:
- Grind the dried shell pieces into a fine powder using a clean grinder or pulverizer.
- Depending on the grinder's power, you may need to grind in multiple small batches.
6. Sieving:
- Sieve the ground powder using a fine mesh to ensure smooth, uniform particle size.
- Regrind any coarse material left behind on the sieve.
7. Storage:
- Store the Reetha powder in a moisture-proof, airtight container.
- Label with the date and store in a cool, dry, dark place to maintain potency.

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 Procedure for Making Fenugreek Powder

Materials Required:
- Fenugreek seeds
- Clean water (optional)
- Tray or cloth for drying
- Grinder or mixer
- Fine mesh sieve
- Airtight container for storage
Fig 5.8 Fenugreek seeds
Step-by-Step Method:
1. Selection:

- Use clean, mature fenugreek seeds that are golden-yellow and free from dirt, pests, or mold.
2. Cleaning (Optional but Recommended):
- Rinse the seeds quickly under running water to remove dust or impurities.
- Spread on a clean towel or tray and allow to air-dry completely for 1–2 days.
- Ensure seeds are fully dry before grinding to avoid moisture in the powder.
3. Roasting (Optional for Aroma & Shelf-Life):
- Lightly dry-roast the seeds on low flame for a few minutes until they become slightly golden
and aromatic.
- This enhances shelf life and makes grinding easier.
- Allow to cool completely before grinding.
4. Grinding:
- Transfer the seeds into a clean grinder or mixer.
- Grind to a fine powder in batches if needed.
5. Sieving:
- Sieve the powder using a fine mesh sieve to get a smooth, uniform texture.
- Regrind coarse particles if necessary.
6. Storage:
- Store the final fenugreek powder in an airtight container.
- Label with the preparation date and keep in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

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 Procedure for Making Amla Powder

Materials Required:
- Fresh or dried Amla (Indian gooseberry) fruits
- Clean water
- Knife (if using fresh fruits)
- Tray or drying surface
- Grinder or pulverizer
- Fine mesh sieve
- Airtight container for storage
Fig:5.9 Amla Fruit & Powder
Step-by-Step Method:

1. Collection and Cleaning:

- Collect fresh, ripe Amla fruits.
- Wash thoroughly under running water to remove dirt and impurities.

2. Cutting and Deseeding:

- Cut the fruits into small pieces and remove the seeds.

3. Drying:
- Spread the pieces on a clean tray or cloth.
- Dry under shade in a well-ventilated area for 5–7 days until completely dehydrated and brittle.
- Avoid direct sunlight to preserve vitamin C and other nutrients.

4. Grinding:
- Once completely dried, grind the pieces into a fine powder using a clean, dry grinder.

5. Sieving:
- Sieve the powder using a fine mesh sieve for uniform particle size.

6. Storage:
- Store the powder in an airtight, dry container.
- Keep it in a cool, dark place to preserve its potency.

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 Table 5.1 General Powder Characteristics

Sr.No. TEST Result

1 Particle Size 20-23nm

2 Angle of 45°6’’
Repose

3 Bulk Density 0.647

4 Tapped 0.526
Density

5 Moisture 4%
Content

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 Table 5.2 Physicochemical Evaluation of Formulated Powder Shampoo

Sr.No. Test Result

1. PH 5

2. Washability Easily
Washable

3. Solubility Insoluble in
water

4. Skin No harmful
irritation test effect on skin

5. a. Ash Valuv a. 0.21% w/w, b.

b. Acid 5.5% w/w
insoluble 10.5% w/w
Total ash
Count

6. Stability Stable
Study

7. Moisture 1.82% w/w

content

8. Nature of Soft
hair after manageable
washes

9. % Foaming 151.5
capacity

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 CHAPTER 6
MATERIAL AND METHODS

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 MATERIAL AND METHODS

Fig. 6.1: Partical Size

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 Steps to Make Powder

1. Prepare the material:

- Make sure what you're grinding is dry if you want a dry powder.
- If it's large, break it into smaller pieces by hand first.

2. Add a small amount to the mortar:

- Don’t overfill. Grinding works better in small batches.

3. Use the pestle to crush:

- Start by pressing down firmly to break the material.
- Then move the pestle in a circular or pounding motion.
- Apply consistent pressure and keep the movements rhythmic.

4. Grind until the desired consistency:

- Keep grinding until the particles are as fine (or coarse) as you need.

5. Collect the powder:

- Use a brush, spoon, or your hands to gather the powder.
- Sift it through a fine sieve if you need extra-fine powder.

---

Tips for Better Grinding

- Use a heavy mortar and pestle for harder materials (like seeds or crystals).
- For fine powder, grind in small batches and use a consistent motion.
- Clean thoroughly after each use to avoid flavor or material contamination.

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 TEST

Fig. 6.2: Organoleptic Evaluation

Steps in Organoleptic Testing

1. Sample Preparation:
- Prepare the sample uniformly to avoid bias (same size, temperature,
presentation).
2. Sensory Evaluation:
- Observers (testers) examine the sample using their senses without analytical
instruments.
3. Scoring or Describing:
- Testers either score on a scale (e.g., 1–5) or write qualitative descriptions (e.g.,
"slightly bitter, light yellow, mildly fragrant").
4. Comparison:
- Sometimes compared against a standard or control sample.
5. Result Interpretation:
- Data is analyzed to draw conclusions about the sample's quality, acceptability,
or differences.

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 TEST

Diameters:
D1 = 7.6 cm
D2 = 7.5 cm
D3 = 7.5 cm
D4 = 7.2 cm

 Average Diameter(D) =
D= 7.6+7.5+7.5+7.2 = 29.8 = 7.45cm
4 4

 Radius(h) = half of diameter =

R= 7.45 = 3.725cm
2
Height (h) = distance from funnel = 3.5 cm Fig 6.3: Angle of Repose
(this is the height of the powder cone).

Now, using the Angle of Repose formula:

0 = tan-1 ( ℎ )
𝑟

Substitute values:
3.5
0 = tan-1 ( )
3.725

First, calculate the ratio:

3.5 ≈ 0.9396
3.725
Now:

0 = tan-1(0.9396)

Using a calculator:

0 ≈ 43.43°

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 Final Answer:

◻ The Angle of Repose is approximately 43.4 degrees.

TEST

Fig. 6.4: Bulk Density of Powder

Formula Used:
Weight of Powder
Bulk Density = Bulk Volume of Powder

Given Date:
 Weight of Powder = 80.96 g
 Volume of Powder = 125 ml

Calculation:

Bulk Density = 80.96 = 0.64768 g/ml

125
Final Answer:

Bulk Density = 0.648 g/ml (rounded to three decimal places)

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 TESTS

Fig.6.5 : pH Test For herbal Powder

Fig. 6.6: Foaming test for Herbal Powder

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 TESTS

Fig. 6.7: Test for Ash Value

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 CHAPTER 7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The evaluation results confirm that the formulated polyherbal powder shampoo possesses
desirable physicochemical and performance attributes. The pH and microbial limits make it safe
for scalp application. Though the foaming and wetting abilities are slightly lower than synthetic
shampoos, they remain adequate, especially given the absence of chemical surfactants.

The inclusion of multiple herbs with complementary functions—Reetha for cleansing, Amla for
hair nourishment, Neem for antimicrobial effect, and Hibiscus for conditioning—makes this
formulation holistic and beneficial. These findings support the use of polyherbal formulations as a
viable alternative to commercial products, especially for consumers seeking natural and
sustainable personal care solutions.

Table 7.1 : Organoleptic and general powder characters evaluation

Sr.No Organoleptic Evaluation Result

1 Colour Faint brownish
2 Odour Characteristic
3 Taste Slight
4 Texture Fine and smooth
General powder Characters

1 Particle size 20-25um

2 Angle of repose 43.4°

3 Bulk density 0.648

4 Tapped density 0.562

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Table 7.2: Angle of Repose calculation of herbal powder

Sr. No. Method Height of the Radius of the tan 0=(h/r) Average 0=ta Flow
cone (h in cm) cone (r in cm) tan 0 n-1 property
(h/r)
1 Funnel 2.5 3.4 0.7352 Good
Method 2.4 3.3 0.7272 0.6892 34 flow
‖5 property
2.3 3.8 0.6052

2 Open 2.5 3.8 0.6578

ended 2.9 4.1 0.7073 0.6712
cylinder Good
2.4 3.7 0.6486 33
Method flow
‖8

Table 7.3: Physicochemical Property

Sr.No. Physiochemical evolution Result

1 pH 5.46
2 Washability Easily washable
3 Solubility Soluble
4 Skin irritation No harmful effect on skin
5 Foaming capacity Good foaming
6 Ash value
Total ash content 3.69%w/w
Acid insoluble ash 1.36%w/w

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 CHAPTER 8
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

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 SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION

The purpose of this study was to create a shampoo that is entirely herbal and comparable to the
synthetic shampoos that are sold today. We created an herbal shampoo by utilizing plant
extracts, which are widely used in traditional Asian medicine and highly regarded for their
ability to cleanse hair. All the components that go into making shampoo are safer than synthetic
conditioning agents like silicones and polyquaterniums, and they can also significantly lessen
the loss of hair or protein during mixing. To achieve the conditioning effect, we have used plant
extracts such as Shikakai and Amla in place of cationic conditioners. Several experiments were
conducted to assess and contrast the physicochemical characteristics of shampoos that were
prepared and marketed.

Our prepared shampoo showed comparable result with that of marketed shampoo for quality
control tests further research and development is required to improve its overall quality.

he present study successfully achieved the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal powder
shampoo using a combination of traditionally used medicinal plants known for their hair care
benefits. The formulation was developed using natural plant powders including Sapindus
mukorossi (Reetha), Acacia concinna (Shikakai), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla), Azadirachta
indica (Neem), and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus), all of which are recognized for their
cleansing, conditioning, antimicrobial, and strengthening properties.

The physicochemical evaluation of the formulation revealed that it possesses acceptable

organoleptic characteristics, a scalp-friendly pH, moderate and stable foaming ability, effective
dirt dispersion, and favorable conditioning effects. The surface tension and wetting time were
within acceptable limits for a powder-based herbal shampoo. Microbial analysis showed that
the formulation is microbiologically safe and meets the quality standards for herbal cosmetic
products.

Overall, the polyherbal powder shampoo demonstrated good cleansing and conditioning effects
without the use of synthetic surfactants, preservatives, or artificial fragrances. This makes it a
safe, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative to conventional shampoos. Moreover, the
formulation aligns with the growing consumer demand for natural, chemical- free personal care
products

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