GEC06- PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

2024-2025

Lesson 1- Avoiding Plagiarism

I. Objectives
 Illustrate the differences and similarities of quotes, phrases, and summaries.
 Write an acceptable summary and a paraphrase.

II. Introduction
With the multifarious information from the Internet, books, other reading
resources that will help you finish your academic papers, it is paramount that we
recall how you can avoid using somebody’s words or ideas as your own.

Quotes, paraphrases, and summaries are introduced by signal phrases. The tense
of the verbs in the signal phrases depends on the conventions of the style (e.g. APA,
MLA) you are ascribing to.

III. Lesson Proper

Quoting is the copying of words of the author and intertwining these words to
your own. Quoted statements, which are incorporated at the beginning, middle, or end
part of your paragraph are enclosed in quotation marks and are identified with the
author’s family name, year of publication, and page number of the journal or book
where the quoted statement was lifted from.

Following the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th edition format,

quoted statements fewer than 40 words are incorporated in the text and are enclosed
in quotation marks while statements composed of more than 40 words are set off as
block quotations and are not enclosed in quotation marks.
Less than 40 words
Plagiarism is defined as “the practice of claiming credits for the works, ideas,
and concept of others” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010, page
170.)

More than 40 words/block quotation

Siagto-Wakat (2017) as certained:
Most of the data gathered in studies on language anxiety used
verbal communication under quantitative approach employing
close-ended questionnaires (Duxbury & Tsai, 2010; Hismanoglu,
2012; Hussain et al., 2011; Khodadady & Khajavy, 2013;
Matsuda, 2004; Marwan, 2007; Orbeta & San Jose, 2013; Ozuruk
GEC06- PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
2024-2025

& Hursen , 2013; Rajab et al., 2012; Smith & Schroth, 2014;
Thevasigamoney & Yunus, 2014; Tum, 2012; Williams &
Andrade, 2008; Wong, 2012; Yahya, 2013; Yang, 2012). Other
studies utilized qualitative using open-ended questionnaire and
interview (Khattak et al., 2011; Kocak, 2010), diary and semi-
structured interview and focus-group discussion (Hashemi,
2011). Some studies delved into mixed methods using closed-
ended and open- ended survey questionnaires (Berkleyem. 2009;
Grant et al., 2014; Kondo & Ying-Ling, 2004; Ozturk & Gurbuz,
2013), close- ended questionnaires and interviews (Ohata, 2005;
Razaei & Jafari, 2014; Savasci, 2014; Suleimenova, 2013; Yalcin
& Incecay, 2014) or close-ended questionnaire and focus-group
discussion (Klanrit & Sroinan, 2012; Pappamihiel, 2002). (p. 228)
For block quotes with more than two paragraphs, the first paragraph is not
indented while the succeeding paragraphs are indented. Also, if the block qoute does not
introduce the author and the year of publication, the name of the author, year of
publication, and page number are placed at the last part of the quoted statement.

As ascertained:
Most of the data gathered in studies on language anxiety used
verbal communication under quantitative approach employing
close-ended questionnaires (Duxbury & Tsai, 2010; Hismanoglu,
2012; Hussain et al., 2011; Khodadady & Khajavy, 2013;
Matsuda, 2004; Marwan, 2007; Orbeta & San Jose, 2013; Ozuruk
& Hursen , 2013; Rajab et al., 2012; Smith & Schroth, 2014;
Thevasigamoney & Yunus, 2014; Tum, 2012; Williams &
Andrade, 2008; Wong, 2012; Yahya, 2013; Yang, 2012). Other
studies utilized qualitative using open-ended questionnaire and
interview (Khattak et al., 2011; Kocak, 2010), diary and semi-
structured interview and focus-group discussion (Hashemi,
2011). Some studies delved into mixed methods using closed-
ended and open- ended survey questionnaires (Berkleyem. 2009;
Grant et al., 2014; Kondo & Ying-Ling, 2004; Ozturk & Gurbuz,
2013), close- ended questionnaires and interviews (Ohata, 2005;
Razaei & Jafari, 2014; Savasci, 2014; Suleimenova, 2013; Yalcin
& Incecay, 2014) or close-ended questionnaire and focus-group
discussion (Klanrit & Sroinan, 2012; Pappamihiel, 2002). (Siagto-
Wakat, 2017, p. 228)
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2024-2025

Paraphrasing entails using your own words and own style of writing to state
another author’s idea. You may use a grammatical structure different from that of the
original text. Paraphrasing requires understanding the original text, setting it aside for you
to write your own text, then going back to the original text to check if what you have
written brought out the meaning intended by the author.
Example:
Original Text:
The activities scheduled on March 19, 2018 for the Strawberry
Festival celebration were called off because of the stormy weather.
Acceptable Paraphrase:
Due to the inclement weather, the March 19, 2018 activities of
the Strawberry Festival were cancelled.

Summarizing, on the other hand, warrants the articulation of the important ideas
of the original text in a compendious form. Hence, a research article can simply be
summarized in less than 10 sentences.
The following research abstract adopted from Siagto-Wakat (2017) gives a
summary of a 15-page research article.
This qualitative study explored the use of doodling t0o surface
experiences in the psychological phenomenon of a language
anxiety in English classroom. It treated the doodles of 192
freshmen from a premier university in Northern Luzon,
Philippines. Further, it made use of phenomenological reduction
in analyzing the data gathered. Findings reveal that doodling can
be an effective tool in surfacing experiences of psychological
phenomena, such as language anxiety, although this may not be
generalizable. The gathered doodles show that English language
learners go through shimming and shaming experiences,
specifically, buffing, baffling, sweating and shivering, and
shattering. The findings of the study can benefit teachers for
they can use doodling, a non-verbal tool, in generating the
classroom experiences unveiled in this study will help language
teachers realize the impact of language anxiety on English
learners.

Using APA, 6th edition format, paraphrases and summaries are presented through
text citation.
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Examples:
Siagto-Wakat (2017) surfaced that students undergo shimming
and shaming experiences.
OR
In 2017, Siagto-Wakat surfaced that students undergo shimming
and shaming experiences.
OR
Students undergo shimming and shaming experiences (Siagto-
Wakat, 2017).

For citations with two or more authors example, The word end is spelled out if the
names of the authors are not enclosed in parenthesis while & is used if the names of the
authors are enclosed in parenthesis.
Examples:
Heckler, Forde, and Bryan (2013) found that plagiarism depends on the kind of
assignment given to the students.
In 2013, Heckler, Forde, and Bryan found that plagiarism depends on the kind of
assignment given to the students.
Plagiarism depends on the kind of assignment given to the students (Heckler,
Forde, & Bryan , 2013).

REFERENCES:
Purposive Communication
LORIMAR PUBLISHING INC. 2018
Geraldine S. Wakat, Ph D.
Analyn A. Caroy, MAT Engl
Freda B. Paulino, Ph D
Magdalina J. Jose, MA ESL
Mary Rose M. Ordonio, MAED Lang Ed
Amabel C. Palangyos, MAED Eng
Sheryll M. Palangyos, MAED Eng
Elaine Grace J. Dizon, MAED Lang Ed
GEC06- PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
2024-2025

Analissa E. Dela Cruz, Ph D

Melony B. Sao-an, MAED Lang Ed
776 Aurora Blvd., cor. Boston