EXPERIMENT – 5

Aim: Difference type for Header in WiredShark Packets.

Tools: wiredShark

Internet Protocol(IP):

IPv4
IP stands for Internet Protocol and v4 stands for Version Four (IPv4).IP version four addresses are 32-bit
integers which will be expressed in decimal nota on .

IPv4:

IPv6:

IPv6 or Internet Protocol Version 6 is a network layer protocol that allows communica on to take place over the
network. The well-known IPv6 protocol is being used and deployed more o en, especially in mobile phone markets
.

IPv6:

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Transmission Control Protocol is a connec on-oriented protocol for communica ons that helps in the exchange of
messages between different devices over a network.

TCP:

User Datagram Protocol(UDP):

The User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is a communica on protocol used across the Internet for especially me-
sensi ve transmissions such as video playback or DNS lookups. It speeds up communica ons by not formally
establishing a connec on before data is transferred.

UDP:

Address Resolu on Protocol(ARP):

Address Resolu on Protocol (ARP) MeaningAddress Resolu on Protocol (ARP) is a protocol or procedure that
connects an ever-changing Internet Protocol (IP) address to a fixed physical machine address, also known as a
media access control (MAC) address, in a local-area network (LAN).

ARP:
 Domain Name Service(DNS):

Every host is iden fied by the IP address but remembering numbers is very difficult for people also
the IP addresses are not sta c therefore a mapping is required to change the domain name to the IP
address .

DNS:

Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP):

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol used by network devices to diagnose
network communica on issues. ICMP is mainly used to determine whether or not data is reaching its intended
des na on in a mely manner.

ICMP:
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP):
IGMP is a communica on protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers for mul cas ng communica on with IP
networks and uses the resources efficiently to transmit the message/data packets .

IGMP:
 EXPERIMENT - 6 (A)

AIM : Demonstrate class full addressing and variable length subnetting using packet tracer

Packet Tracer – Subnet an IPv4 Network

Addressing Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

CustomerRouter G0/0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.192 N/A

G0/1 192.168.0.65 255.255.255.192

S0/1/0 209.165.201.2 255.255.255.252

LAN-A Switch VLAN1 +192.168.0.2 255.255.255.192 192.168.0.1

LAN-B Switch VLAN1

192.168.0.66 255.255.255.192 192.168.0.65

PC-A NIC 192.168.0.1

192.168.0.62 255.255.255.192

PC-B NIC 192.168.0.126 255.255.255.192 192.168.0.65

ISPRouter G0/0 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224 N/A

S0/1/0 209.165.201.1 255.255.255.252

ISPSwitch VLAN1 209.165.200.226 255.255.255.224 209.165.200.225

ISP Workstation NIC 209.165.200.235 255.255.255.224 209.165.200.225

ISP Server NIC 209.165.200.240 255.255.255.224 209.165.200.225

Objectives
Part 1: Design an IPv4 Network Subnetting Scheme
Part 2: Configure the Devices

Part 3: Test and Troubleshoot the Network

Background / Scenario
In this activity, you will subnet the Customer network into multiple subnets. The subnet scheme should be based
on the number of host computers required in each subnet, as well as other network considerations, like future
network host expansion.
After you have created a subnetting scheme and completed the table by filling in the missing host and interface
IP addresses, you will configure the host PCs, switches and router interfaces.
After the network devices and host PCs have been configured, you will use the ping command to test for network
connectivity
 Instructions Part 1: Subnet the Assigned Network
Step 1: Create a subne ng scheme that meets the required number of subnets and required number of host
addresses.
In this scenario, you are a network technician assigned to install a new network for a customer. You must
create multiple subnets out of the 192.168.0.0/24 network address space to meet the following requirements:
a. The first subnet is the LAN-A network. You need a minimum of 50 host IP addresses.
b. The second subnet is the LAN-B network. You need a minimum of 40 host IP addresses.
c. You also need at least two addi onal unused subnets for future network expansion.
Note: Variable length subnet masks will not be used. All of the device subnet masks should be the same length.
d. Answer the following ques ons to help create a subne ng scheme that meets the stated network
requirements:

How many host addresses are needed in the largest required subnet?
50
What is the minimum number of subnets required?

Minimum 4 subnets are required .

Type your answers here.

The network that you are tasked to subnet is 192.168.0.0/24. What is the /24 subnet mask in binary?
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

e. The subnet mask is made up of two por ons, the network por on, and the host por on. This is represented in the
binary by the ones and the zeros in the subnet mask.

In the network mask, what do the ones represent?

The ones represent network portion.
In the network mask, what do the zeros represent?
The zeros represent host portion.

f. To subnet a network, bits from the host por on of the original network mask are changed into subnet bits. The
number of subnet bits defines the number of subnets.

Given each of the possible subnet masks depicted in the following binary format, how many subnets and
how many hosts are created in each example?
Hint: Remember that the number of host bits (to the power of 2) defines the number of hosts per subnet
(minus 2), and the number of subnet bits (to the power of two) defines the number of subnets. The subnet
bits (shown in bold) are the bits that have been borrowed beyond the original network mask of /24. The /
24 is the prefix notation and corresponds to a dotted decimal mask of 255.255.255.0.
1) (/25) 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 Dotted
decimal subnet mask equivalent:

255.255.255.128

Number of subnets? Number of hosts?

no.of subnets = 2
No. Of hosts = 2^7-2=126
2) (/26) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 Dotted
decimal subnet mask equivalent:
255.255.255.192
Number of subnets? Number of hosts?
No. of subnets = 4
No. of hosts. = 2^6-2 = 62

3) (/27) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 Dotted

decimal subnet mask equivalent:
255.255.255.224
Number of subnets? Number of hosts?
No. Of subnets = 8
No. Of hosts = 2^5-2=30

4) (/28) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 Dotted

decimal subnet mask equivalent:
255.255.255.240

Number of subnets? Number of hosts?

No. Of subnets = 16
No. Of hosts = 2^4-2=14

5) (/29) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 Dotted

decimal subnet mask equivalent:
255.255.255.248
Number of subnets? Number of hosts?
No. Of subnets = 32

No. Of hosts = 2^3-2=6

 6) (/30) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 Dotted
decimal subnet mask equivalent:
255.255.255.252
Number of subnets? Number of hosts?
No. Of subnets = 64

No. Of hosts = 2^2-

2=2

Considering your answers above, which subnet masks meet the required number of minimum host
addresses?
/25 & /26
Considering your answers above, which subnet masks meets the minimum number of subnets
required?
/26 , /27 , /28 , /29 & /30

Considering your answers above, which subnet mask meets both the required minimum number of hosts and
the minimum number of subnets required?
/26

When you have determined which subnet mask meets all of the stated network requirements, derive each
of the subnets. List the subnets from first to last in the table. Remember that the first subnet is 192.168.0.0
with the chosen subnet mask.

Subnet Subnet ID First Address Last Address Broadcast ID Prefix/ Gateway

SubnetMask
0-63 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.62 192.168.0.63 /26 192.168.0.1

64-127 192.168.0.64 192.168.0.65 192.168.0.126 192.168.0.127 /26 192.168.0.65

128-191 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.129 192.168.0.190 192.168.0.191 /26 192.168.0.129

192-255 192.168.0.192 192.168.0.193 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.255 /26 192.168.0.193

1) Use the last host address for PC-A. Make sure to assign a default gateway address for the PC. b. Assign the
 second subnet to LAN-B.
1) Use the first host address for the CustomerRouter interface connected to LAN-B switch.
2) Use the second host address for the LAN-B switch. Make sure to assign a default gateway address for the
switch.
3) Use the last host address for PC-B. Make sure to assign a default gateway address for the PC.

Part 2: Configure the Devices

Configure basic settings on the PCs, switches, and router. Refer to the Addressing Table for device names
and address information.

1) Step 1: Configure CustomerRouter.

2) Step 2: Configure the two customer LAN switches.
LAN A

LAN – B

3) Step 3: Configure the PC interfaces.

PC – A and PC – B
Part 3: Test the Network
Use the ping command to test network connectivity.

TOPOLOGY (After)
 EXPERIMENT - 6 (B)

Packet Tracer - VLSM Design and Implementa on Prac ce Topology

You will receive one of three possible topologies.

Addressing Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

Building1 G0/0 10.11.48.97 255.255.255.240 N/A

G0/1 10.11.48.65 255.255.255.224 N/A

S0/0/0 10.11.48.121 255.255.255.252 N/A

Building2 G0/0 10.11.48.113 255.255.255.248 N/A

G0/1 10.11.48.1 255.255.255.192 N/A

S0/0/0 10.11.48.122 255.255.255.252 N/A

ASW1 VLAN 1 10.11.48.98 255.255.255.240 10.11.48.97

ASW2 VLAN 1 10.11.48.66 255.255.255.224 10.11.48.65

ASW3 VLAN 1 10.11.48.114 255.255.255.248 10.11.48.113

ASW4 VLAN 1 10.11.48.2 255.255.255.192 10.11.48.1

Host-A NIC 10.11.48.110 255.255.255.240 10.11.48.97

Host-B NIC 10.11.48.94 255.255.255.224 10.11.48.65

Host-C NIC 10.11.48.118 255.255.255.248 10.11.48.113

Host-D NIC 10.11.48.62 255.255.255.192 10.11.48.1

Objectives
Part 1: Examine the Network Requirements
Part 2: Design the VLSM Addressing Scheme

Part 3: Assign IP Addresses to Devices and Verify Connectivity

Background
In this activity, you are given a /24 network address to use to design a VLSM addressing scheme. Based on a
set of requirements, you will assign subnets and addressing, configure devices and verify connectivity.
Instructions Part 1: Examine the Network Requirements
Step 1: Determine the number of subnets needed.
You will subnet the network address . The network has the following requirements:

Packet Tracer - VLSM Design and Implementa on Practice

• ASW-1 LAN will require 14 host IP addresses

• ASW-2 LAN will require 30 host IP addresses
• ASW-3 LAN will require 6 host IP addresses
• ASW-4 LAN will require 60 host IP addresses

How many subnets are needed in the network topology?

5

Step 2: Determine the subnet mask information for each subnet.

a. Which subnet mask will accommodate the number of IP addresses required for ASW-1?
255.255.255.240/28
How many usable host addresses will this subnet support?

14 (10.11.48.97 - 10.11.48.110)
b. Which subnet mask will accommodate the number of IP addresses required for ASW-2?
255.255.255.224 /27
How many usable host addresses will this subnet support?

30 (10.11.48.65 - 10.11.48.94)
c. Which subnet mask will accommodate the number of IP addresses required for ASW-3?
255.255.255.248 /29
How many usable host addresses will this subnet support?

6 (10.11.48.113 - 10.11.48.118)
d. Which subnet mask will accommodate the number of IP addresses required for ASW-4?
255.255.255.192 /26
How many usable host addresses will this subnet support?

62 (10.11.48.1 - 10.11.48.62)
e. Which subnet mask will accommodate the number of IP addresses required for the connec on between
Building1 and Building2?
255.255.255.252/30
Part 2: Design the VLSM Addressing Scheme
Step 1: Divide the 10.11.48.0/24 network based on the number of hosts per subnet.
a. Use the first subnet to accommodate the largest LAN.
b. Use the second subnet to accommodate the second largest LAN.
c. Use the third subnet to accommodate the third largest LAN.
d. Use the fourth subnet to accommodate the fourth largest LAN.
e. Use the fi h subnet to accommodate the connec on between Building1 and Building2. .

Step 2: Document the VLSM subnets.

Complete the Subnet Table, listing the subnet descriptions (e.g. [[S1Name]] LAN), number of hosts needed,
then network address for the subnet, the first usable host address, and the broadcast address. Repeat until
all addresses are listed.
Subnet Table

Packet Tracer - VLSM Design and Implementation Practice

Number of Network
First Usable
Subnet Hosts Address/ Last Usable Host
Host Address Broadcast Address
Description Needed CIDR Address

Host-D 60 10.11.48.0/2 10.11.48.1 10.11.48.62 10.11.48.63

LAN 6
Host-BLAN 30 10.11.48.64/ 10.11.48.65 10.11.48.94 10.11.48.95
27
Host-A 14 10.11.48.96/ 10.11.48.97 10.11.48.110 10.11.48.111
LAN 28
Host-C 6 10.11.48.112/ 10.11.48.113 10.11.48.118 10.11.48.119
LAN 29
WAN Link 2 10.11.48.120 10.11.48.121 10.11.48.122 10.11.48.123
/30

Step 3: Document the addressing scheme.

a. Assign the first usable IP addresses to for the two LAN links and the WAN link.
b. Assign the first usable IP addresses to for the two LAN links. Assign the last usable IP address for
the WAN link.
c. Assign the second usable IP addresses to the switches.
d. Assign the last usable IP addresses to the hosts.
Name: Sachin Vishwakarma Roll No: 2100320100135
CSE-C

Part 3: Assign IP Addresses to Devices and Verify Connectivity

Most of the IP addressing is already configured on this network. Implement the following
steps to complete the addressing configuration.

Step 1: Configure IP addressing on the Building1 router LAN interfaces

Step 2: Configure IP addressing on the ASW-3 , switch including the default

gateway. Step 3: Configure IP addressing on Host-D, including the default

gateway.

Step 4: Verify connectivity.

You can only verify connectivity from Building1, ASW-3, and Host-D. However, you
should be able to ping every IP address listed in the Addressing Table.

TOPOLOGY: