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Computer Science in 17 Minutes

Computer Science encompasses the study of computers, algorithms, and data processing, with applications in software development, AI, and cybersecurity. It covers hardware components, programming languages, databases, networks, and cybersecurity basics. Career opportunities in CS are diverse, with future trends including quantum computing and AI ethics.

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11 views12 pages

Computer Science in 17 Minutes

Computer Science encompasses the study of computers, algorithms, and data processing, with applications in software development, AI, and cybersecurity. It covers hardware components, programming languages, databases, networks, and cybersecurity basics. Career opportunities in CS are diverse, with future trends including quantum computing and AI ethics.

Uploaded by

shedrackwambua40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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✅ What Is Computer Science?

Computer Science is the study of computers, computational systems, algorithms, and data
processing. It involves both theoretical and practical aspects of computing.

✦ Scope:
Designing software & hardware systems
Building algorithms to solve problems
Managing data and databases
Developing applications, AI, cybersecurity systems, and more

✦ Real-Life Applications:
Web & Mobile Apps
Financial Systems (Banking Software)
Healthcare Technology (Medical imaging, AI diagnosis)
Social Media Platforms
Robotics & Automation
✅ Hardware vs. Software
✦ Basic Hardware Components:
CPU (Central Processing Unit): Brain of the computer
RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory for fast data access
Storage: Hard drives (HDD), Solid-State Drives (SSD) for permanent data storage

✦ Types of Software:
System Software: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux)
Application Software: Web browsers, Games, MS Office
✅ Data & Binary
✦ Binary System:
Computers use 0s and 1s (binary digits) to represent data and instructions.
Example: The letter 'A' in ASCII is 01000001 .

✦ Data Types:
Integers: Whole numbers (e.g., 42)
Floats: Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14)
Strings: Text data (e.g., "Hello World")

✅ Algorithms & Programming


✦ What is an Algorithm?
A step-by-step method to solve a problem or perform a task. Example: Sorting a list of numbers.

✦ Programming Logic Basics:


Variables: Store data values
If Statements: Conditional execution
Loops: Repeat actions (for, while loops)
Functions: Reusable blocks of code

✅ Programming Languages
✦ Popular Languages:
Python: Easy syntax, widely used in AI, Web, Automation
Java: Enterprise-level apps, Android development
C++: High-performance applications, game development
✦ Differences & Use Cases:
Python is beginner-friendly.
Java offers strong cross-platform support.
C++ gives control over hardware resources.

✅ Databases & Storage


✦ What is a Database?
A structured collection of data stored electronically, used to manage and retrieve information
efficiently.
✦ SQL vs NoSQL:
SQL (Relational DBs): Structured tables, uses SQL language (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
NoSQL (Non-relational DBs): Flexible schema, great for large-scale data (e.g., MongoDB)

✅ Networks & Internet


✦ Basic Concepts:
IP (Internet Protocol): Unique address for devices
DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names to IP addresses
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Foundation of web communication

✦ How Data Travels:


Data packets are transmitted via routers, switches, and servers.
TCP/IP protocols ensure reliable data delivery.
✅ Cybersecurity Basics
✦ Common Threats:
Malware: Harmful software like viruses, ransomware
Phishing: Fraudulent attempts to get sensitive information

✦ Defense Mechanisms:
Firewalls: Monitor and control incoming/outgoing traffic
Encryption: Scrambling data to prevent unauthorized access

✅ AI & Machine Learning


✦ What is AI?
Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines to perform tasks like
learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.
✦ Real-World Examples:
Chatbots (Customer support automation)
Image Recognition (Face detection in photos)
Voice Assistants (Siri, Alexa)

✅ Careers & Future in CS


✦ Career Paths:
Software Developer (Web, Mobile, Cloud apps)
Data Scientist (Analyzing large datasets for insights)
Cybersecurity Analyst (Protecting systems from cyber threats)
Network Engineer, DevOps, AI Engineer
✦ Future Trends:
Quantum Computing: Solving complex problems faster than classical computers
AI Ethics & Regulations: Ensuring responsible AI development
Blockchain Technology: Decentralized applications & digital security
Edge Computing & IoT: Processing data closer to devices
✅ Quick Learning Resources:
CS50 by Harvard: cs50.harvard.edu
freeCodeCamp: freecodecamp.org
GeeksforGeeks: geeksforgeeks.org
LeetCode (Coding Practice): leetcode.com

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