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Chapter 1 Problem Solving 2nd Year Computer

Chapter 1 discusses problem solving in computer science, outlining the steps involved such as understanding the problem, planning a solution with algorithms, representing solutions through flowcharts or pseudocode, coding, testing, debugging, and documentation. It emphasizes the characteristics of a good program, including correctness, efficiency, readability, modifiability, and portability. The chapter provides examples of algorithms and flowcharts to illustrate these concepts.

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10 views2 pages

Chapter 1 Problem Solving 2nd Year Computer

Chapter 1 discusses problem solving in computer science, outlining the steps involved such as understanding the problem, planning a solution with algorithms, representing solutions through flowcharts or pseudocode, coding, testing, debugging, and documentation. It emphasizes the characteristics of a good program, including correctness, efficiency, readability, modifiability, and portability. The chapter provides examples of algorithms and flowcharts to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

khankhan123wcct
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Problem Solving (Computer Science - 2nd Year, FBISE)

1. What is Problem Solving?

Problem solving in computer science means identifying a problem and developing a method to solve it using

a computer. This involves logical thinking, step-by-step planning, and then writing the actual program.

2. Steps of Problem Solving

a. Understanding the Problem:

- Analyze the problem carefully.

- Identify input (what is given), output (what is required), and conditions.

b. Planning the Solution (Algorithm):

- An algorithm is a list of clear and finite steps to solve a problem.

- It should be correct, unambiguous, and should terminate after a certain number of steps.

c. Representation (Flowchart or Pseudocode):

- Helps visualize or explain the logic before coding.

d. Coding:

- Write the algorithm in a programming language (e.g., C++).

e. Testing and Debugging:

- Testing checks if the program gives the correct result.

- Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors (bugs).

f. Documentation:

- Explains the code using comments.

3. Algorithm

A proper plan or method to solve a problem.

Example: To find the largest of two numbers:

1. Start
Chapter 1: Problem Solving (Computer Science - 2nd Year, FBISE)

2. Input A, B

3. If A > B, then display A, else display B

4. End

4. Flowchart

A graphical representation of an algorithm.

Symbols:

- Oval: Start/End

- Rectangle: Process

- Parallelogram: Input/Output

- Diamond: Decision

- Arrow: Flow of control

5. Pseudocode

Describes the algorithm in structured, simple English.

Example:

Start

Input A, B

If A > B then

Display A

Else

Display B

End

6. Characteristics of a Good Program

- Correctness: Produces the right output.

- Efficiency: Uses less memory and time.

- Readability: Easy to read and understand.

- Modifiability: Easy to update or improve.

- Portability: Runs on different types of systems.

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