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? Scope of Variables in Python

The document explains the concept of variable scope in Python, detailing four types: Local, Enclosing, Global, and Built-in. It provides definitions and examples for each type, highlighting how and where variables can be accessed. Additionally, it offers tips on using local and global variables effectively, including the use of the global keyword for modification.

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44 views2 pages

? Scope of Variables in Python

The document explains the concept of variable scope in Python, detailing four types: Local, Enclosing, Global, and Built-in. It provides definitions and examples for each type, highlighting how and where variables can be accessed. Additionally, it offers tips on using local and global variables effectively, including the use of the global keyword for modification.

Uploaded by

p2498902
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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🌐 Scope of Variables in Python

✅ What is Scope?

The scope of a variable refers to the part of the program where the variable can be accessed or
used.

📚 Types of Variable Scope


Python has four types of variable scope, often remembered by the acronym LEGB:

Example of Scope
Type Description
Area
Variable declared inside a function. Accessible only Inside a specific
L – Local
within that function. function
E– Outer function of a
Variable in the enclosing function (for nested functions).
Enclosing nested one
Variable declared outside all functions. Accessible Entire program (module
G – Global
throughout the program. level)
B – Built-in Predefined names in Python (like print(), len()) Always accessible

🔍 Local and Global Variables


1. Local Variable

• Declared inside a function


• Exists only while the function is running

def show():
x = 5 # Local variable
print(x)

show()
# print(x) # Error: x is not defined outside the function

2. Global Variable

• Declared outside all functions


• Can be accessed inside and outside functions (EXAMPLE IN NEXT PAGE)
x = 10 # Global variable

def show():
print(x) # Accessing global variable

show()
print(x) # Works fine

3. Modifying Global Variables Inside a Function

To modify a global variable inside a function, use the global keyword:

x = 10

def update():
global x
x = 20

update()
print(x) # Output: 20

4. Enclosing Scope (Nested Functions)


def outer():
x = "outer value"
def inner():
print(x) # Accesses x from outer function
inner()

outer()

💡 Summary Table
Scope Where it's Defined Where it's Accessible
Local Inside a function Only inside that function
Enclosing Outer function (nested case) Inside inner function
Global Outside all functions Anywhere (with global keyword if needed)
Built-in Predefined by Python Anywhere in the program

📝 Tips
• Use local variables when you only need them inside a function.
• Use global variables carefully to avoid confusion.
• Know when to use the global keyword.
• Understand nested functions and enclosing scope for clarity in advanced problems.

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