NET JRF Part Wise Test Series

PWT 02: Classical Mechanics

Physics by fiziks

Solution
NET Part Test – 02

Ans. 1: (c)
Solution:
V  x

E0

px

E0 E0
Ans. 2: (b)
Solution: Equation of constraint in spherical co-ordinate is given by
For A , rA , A ,  A rA  a

For B , rB , B , B rB  a

For C , rC , C , C rC  a

So, Degree of freedom 3  3  3  6

Ans. 3: (c) O  0, 0, 0 
Solution: Method I: Generalized co-ordinate for m1 is 1
1
Generalized co-ordinate for m2 is  2 and r .

m1
So, Degree of freedom  3 .
2
Method II: Number of particles N  2 , 1  c, 2  c, r  a
Hence, D.O.F. = 3  2  3  3  m2

Ans. 4: (a)
  
 r 1 r r
Solution: dr  1 du  2 du  3 du 3 2

u u u

r   x1  a cos   iˆ  a sin  ˆj  0kˆ where u1  x1 , u 2   ,
 
 r r
dr 
x1
dx1 

 
d  dx1iˆ   a sin  iˆ  a cos  ˆj d  (dx1  a sin  d )iˆ  a cos  d ˆj


 dr
v
dt
 
 x1  a sin  iˆ  a cos  ˆj

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

Ans. 5: (b)

Solution: T 
1
2
1
Mx12  m x22  y 22
2
 
x2  x1  l sin  y2  l cos 

x 2  x1  l cos   y 2  l sin  

T
1
2
1

Mx12  m x12  2lx cos  l 2 2
2

Ans. 6: (c)
x2

Solution: I   2 yds
x1

x2 x2 2
 dy 
I   2 y dx 2  dy 2 I   2 y 1    dx
x1 x1  dx 

I  0
d  f  f xa
f  2 y 1  y '2     0  y  c cos h  
dx  y '  y  a 
Ans. 7: (c)
Solution: x 2  y 2  a 2
y x a2  y2 3/2
2 xx  2 yy  0      3
x y y 1/ 2
Ans. 8: (d)
1 2
Solution: The Lagrangian of system is given by L  mx  V ( x)
2 l
The potential energy is given by x m
2 2
l
k 2 2 1
 k 1

V ( x)  
 x l
2
 2  l    x2  l 2   2  l
 2 
2
 1


 V ( x)  k  x 2  l 2  2  l
 
2
 1

1
L  mx 2  k  x 2  l 2   2  l
2  

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

Ans. 9: (d)
 L  d  L 
Solution:    mq   qq ,    mq   qq   q 2 and
 q  dt  q 

 L   2
   q
 q  2
d  L   L   2
       0  mq   qq   q  q  0
2

dt  q   q  2
 
mq   qq  q 2  0  q  m   q   q 2
2 2
Ans. 10: (b)
H L  T  V  T V
Solution:    
t t t t t
Ans. 11: (b)

,  Torque,   J , H 
dJ
Solution:  J, H 
dt
Ans. 12: (c)
p2
Solution: H 
2m
F H F H p t p
F, H       1   0 
x p p x m m m
dF F P P
 [F , H ]     0  F  constant of motion
dt t m m
Ans. 13: (b)
F1 F
Solution: F1  qQ    P  q   P , 1  p  Q , so F1 is inverse transformation
Q q
F2 F
F2  qP   p  P, 2  Q  q , F2 is identity transformation
q P
Ans. 14: (b)
Solution: k m k m k

x01 x02

x1 x2
 0, 0 

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

k  x1  x01   k   x2  x1    x02  x01    k  x2  x02 

1 1 1
V  x 
2 2 2

2 2 2

k  x1  x01   k   x2  x02    x1  x01    k  x2  x02 

1 1 1
V  x 
2 2 2

2 2 2
It is given x1  x01  1 , x2  x02  2

1 1 1
V  x  k 1   k 2  1   k  2 
2 2 2

2 2 2

V  x 
1
2
 1
 
k 212  2 22  212  k 212  2 22  1 2   21
2

 2V  2k k 
The matrix element Vij  Vij  
i  j  k 2k 

Ans. 15: (b)

1 2 1
Solution: L  mx  k1xx  k2 x 2
2 2
L L
 mx  k1x   k1x  k2 x
x x
d  L  L
  0
dt  x  x

k2
mx  k1x  k1x  k2 x  0  mx  k2 x  0  
m
Ans. 16: (c)
Solution: Workdone on satellite =change in potential energy

GMm  GMm 
  
rB  rA 

GMm  rB 
 1  
rB  rA 

Ans. 17: (d)

Solution: L 
1
2
 
m r 2  r 2 2  V r 

L d  L  l
 0      0  mr 2  l constant   
 dt    mr 2
dA 1 d 1 2 l dA l
 rr  r 2
 
dt 2 dt 2 mr dt 2m

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

Ans. 18: (a)

Solution: The eccentricity of the ellipse is given as

2 EJ 2
e  1
Mk 2
where,
k  constant
M  mass of the object
E  mechanical energy of the object is negative
But e1  e2  e3 given in question

Then by the above formula, E1  E2  E3

Ans. 19: (c)

Solution: The potential energy of the satellite at a height h , i.e., at distance
h
 Re  h  from the centre of the earth is given as
GM e m GM e m
PE    PE   Re
r Re  h

where m is mass of satellite and M e is mass of earth.

mv 2 GM e m GM e m 1 GM e m GM e m
 2
 mv 2   KE  mv 2   KE 
r r r 2 2r 2r
But equations, (i) and (ii), we get
1
KE   PE  PE  2  KE   PE  2 EK (given KE  EK )
2
The total energy of satellite  PE  KE  2 EK  EK   EK

The total energy  KE  PE  of satellite is negative and is called the binding energy of the

satellite.
Satellite becomes free, if its total energy becomes zero or positive. Hence, in order to escape
from the earth, the minimum amount of energy to be supplied is EK .

Ans. 20: (a)

Solution: Total mass of the disc  9 M
2R/3
Radius of disc  R
O
Moment of inertia of the complete disc about a perpendicular axis
R
through O is

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

1 9
I1   9 M  R 2  MR 2
2 2
2
9M R
Mass of the disc removed      M
R 2
3
By the parallel axes theorem, the moment of inertia of small disc about the axis through O ,
2 2
1 R  2R  1
I2  M   M    MR
2

2 3  3  2
Moment of inertia of the remaining disc about a perpendicular axis through O ,
9 1
I  I1  I 2  MR 2  MR 2  4 MR 2
2 2
Ans. 21: (b)
Solution: Let k1 and k2 be the radii of gyration of the ring and the disc respectively. Then

M.I of ring  MR 2  Mk12 or k1  R

1 R
M.I of disc  MR 2  Mk22 or k2 
2 2
k1
Therefore,  2 :1
k2
Ans. 22: (d)
 Lx  10 5 0  0 
  MR 2   
Solution:  L y    5 6 0   
  4 
16  0 
 Lz  0 0

5 6 3
Lx  MR 2 , Ly  MR 2  MR 2 and Lz  0
4 4 2
Ans. 23: (b)
2 a5
a a a
Solution: I xx     y 2  z 2  dV       y 2  z 2  dxdydz 
0 0 0
3

Ans. 24: (a)

Solution: now
c c
 ( v ) v 1
vLG  vEG n   v  c 1  v    v  c  1  v  v 
2
  n   
v  c    
vLE
v v ( v )  c / n n  cn   n   cn c 2 n 2 
1  LG 2 EG 1  1 
c c2 c2  n
v2 v3 c v v2 c  1 
v  2 2   2  3  u   v 1  2 
cn c n n n cn n  n 

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

Ans. 25: (c)

mv dP dv 1  1 1 2v dv
Solution: P  F m   mv      2
 2   v2 
3/2
v2 dt dt v2 c dt
1 1 2  1  2 
c2 c  c 

 v 2 

1  mc 3
1 c 2  
dv 2 dv
F m
v2   v   c2  v2  
3/ 2
dt dt
1  2  1  2  
c   c 
Ans. 26: (b)
O
Solution: No. of Particle = N  3  0 , 0, 0 
Equation of constraint are- l l
r1  l , r2  l , m1  r2 ,  2 , 2  m1  r2  2 2 
1   2   1  2  c ,
l l
3  0, 3  0, r3  2l cos  3 N  k  3.3  7  2 m2  r3 ,3 , 3 
Ans. 27: (d)

Solution: L 
1
2
 1

m1 r 2  r 2 2  m 2 z 2  m 2 gz
2
Equation of constraint is
z  r  l  z   l  r   z  r

L 
1
2
 1

m1 r 2  r 2 2  m2 z 2  m2 g  l  r 
2


1
2
 1 1 1
m1 r 2  r 2 2  m2 r 2  m2 g  l  r    m1  m2  r 2  m1r 2 2  m2 g  l  r 
2 2 2
Ans. 28: (c)
Solution: Because the problem has cylindrical symmetry, we choose r ,  and z as the
generalized coordinates. The kinetic energy of the bead is

T
m 2
2
 
r  z 2  r 2 2 


If we choose U  0 at z  0 , the potential energy term is

U  mgz
But r , z and  are not independent. The equation of constraint for the parabola is

z  c r 2 z  2c r r
We also have an explicit time dependence of the angular rotation
   t ,   
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z


We can now construct the Lagrangian as being dependent only on r , because there is no direct

 dependence. L  T  U 
m 2
2
 
r  4c 2 r 2 r 2  r 2 2  mgcr 2

Ans. 29: (b)

U 2r d  U  2
r 2r 2
Solution:  2 and      2 2
r rc dt  r  rc r c
2

U 1  r 2 
  2 1  2 
r r  c 
therefore the generalized force
d  U  U 2 r 2r 2 1 r 2 1  r 2  1
        2r    2

dt  r  r rc 2 r 2 c 2 r 2 r 2 c 2 rc 2  r  r
Ans. 30: (c)
1  L L V  t
Solution:  L  e t  mx 2  V  x     e  t mx and  e
2  x x x
d  L  L V  t V  t
 0   e t mx  
d
      t  mx e t 
e  mxe e 0
dt  x  x dt x x
 V   t V
 mx  m x   e  0  mx   mx  0
 x  x
Ans. 31: (d)
1 2 k
Solution: L  mx  ( x  V0t ) 2
2 2
P2 k
H  x  ( x  V0t )2
2m 2
H L
0,  0 . So neither energy nor momentum is conserved.
t x

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 NET JRF Part Wise Test Series
PWT 02: Classical Mechanics
Physics by fiziks

Ans. 32: (b)

Q P Q P
Solution: For (a) Q, P   .  .  0   1.1  1 , so it is a canonical transformation
q p p q
Q P Q P
(b)  Q, P   .  .   p sin q.sin q  p cos q cos q   p , so it is not a
q p p q
canonical transformation.
Q P Q P 1
(c) Q, P   .  .  2 .q 2  0  1 , so it is a canonical transformation
q p p q q

Q P Q P 2 2
(d)  Q, P   .  .  2 p cos q. cos q    sin q  . 2 p sin  1 , so it is a
q p p q p p
canonical transformation
Ans. 33: (b)
Solution: The generating function F , for this transformation is of the 3rd kind, F3  F3  Q, p, t 

F3
To find F explicitly, use the equation for its derivative (from the table , P   and substitute
Q
F3 p
the expression for P from equation expressed in terms of p and Q    2 . Integrating
Q Q
this with respect to Q results in an equation for the generating function of the transformation
p
given by equation: F3   f1  p  Similarly
Q
F3 F3 1 p p p
q     F3   f 2  Q  F3   f1  p    f 2  Q 
p p Q Q Q Q
p
 f1  p   f 2  Q   0 . Hence F3 
Q
Ans. 34: (c)

Solution: L 
1
2
 
ma 2  2   2 sin 2   mga cos 

L L
 ma 2,  ma 2 2 sin  cos   mga sin 
 
From Lagrangian equation of motion
d  L  L
  0
dt    

ma 2  ma 2 2 sin  cos   mga sin   0

For small oscillation   0

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sin   
cos   1
ma 2  ma 2 2  mga  0
g
   2    0
a
g 
    2   0
 a 
g
If   2 then motion is S.H.M. so (c) is correct.
a
Ans. 35: (d)

Solution: Put x  x0ei t y  y0ei t

 2g   2 g 
   ( g   2 )(3g   2 )  0
 g 2
2g   


 g   3g
Ans. 36: (d)
Solution: k m k m

x01 x02

x1 x2
 0, 0 
k  x1  x01   k   x2  x1    x02  x01  
1 2 1 2
The potential energy is given by V 
2 2
It is given x1  x01  1 , x2  x02  2

1 1
k 1   k 2  1 
2 2
V
2 2

V
1
2
1
2
 1
2
  1

k 1   k 12  22  212  V  k 212   22  21 2  V  k 212  22  12  21
2

2
 
V2
 2k  k 
Vij   Vij   
i  j  k k 
1 2 1 2 1 1
The kinetic energy is given by T  mx1  mx2  m12  m22
2 2 2 2
m 0 
The kinetic energy matrix is given by T   
 0 m
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Secular equation is given by V   2T  0

2k   2 m k
0
k k   2m

 2k   m  k   m   k
2 2 2
 0   4 m 2  3 2 mk  k 2  0
1/ 2 1/ 2
k  3 5  k  3 5 
   ,  
m 2  m  2 
Ans. 37: (d)
Solution: Assume Sun is at the centre of elliptical orbit.
v2
1 GMm 1 2 GMm
Conservation of energy mv12   mv2 
2 a 2 b b
v1
Conservation of momentum L  mv1a  mv2b s a
 a
v2  v1  
 b
1 2 1 2 GMm GMm 1  a2   b  a
mv1  mv2    m  v12  v12 2   GMm 
2 2 a b 2  b   ab 

1 2  b2  a 2   b  a 1 2  b 1
mv1    GMm    mv1  GMm   
2  b 
2
 ab 2 a b  a

 b 1
v1  2GM   
 a  b  a

 b  1  2GMab 2GMm 2 ab
L  mv1 a  m 2GM      a  m L
 a  b  a b  a ab
Ans. 38: (c)
Solution: If a planet revolve with velocity v in a circle of radius r , then
Planet
the centripetal force is given as r
mv 2
F (i)
r Sun
The attractive force between sun and planet is given as
k
F  n (ii)
r
k being a constant
1
k mv 2 k  k 2
By equations (i) and (ii) n   v2   v   n 1 
r r mr n 1  mr 
1 n 1
2 r 2 r  mr n 1  2 2 r.r 2 m m n21
Hence, time period   1
 2 r     2 r
v
 k  2  k  k k
 n 1 
 mr 

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Ans. 39: (d)

Solution: For Keplers potential,
k
V r   
r
1 mk
 1  cos   , where  is eccentricity.
r l2
For circle,  0
1 mk l2
So,  2  rc 
rc l mk
1 mk
For parabolic shape,  1 and for closed approach,   0   1  1
rp l 2
l2 rc l 2 / mk r
 rp  , so  2 and c  2
2mk rp l / 2mk rb

Ans. 40: (d)

Solution: For I: rp  v p  ra  va  590 108 m 2 / sec

For II: at perigee and apogee radial velocity is zero

k
For III: E   where a is semi-major axis
2a
2a  rp  ra   k  E  2a

 
k   4.5  1010  18  106  8 1017 J .m

Ans. 41: (a)

Solution: From the conservation of mechanical energy
1 1
Mgl sin   Mv 2  I  2 l
2 2 l sin 
1 1 MR 2 v 2
 Mgl sin   Mv 2  . . [For rolling v   R ] 
2 2 2 R2
v2 v2
gl sin   
2 4

3v 2 4 gl sin 
  gl sin   v 
4 3
Ans. 42: (d)
2 v 2 v
Solution: mv0 r  mr 2 0  mvr  mr 2
5 2r 5 r
1 2
mv0 r  mrv0  mvr  mvr
5 5

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6 7
mv0 r  mvr
5 5
6v0
v
7
Ans. 43: (c)
 
0 
 
 1 
Solution: a   
 2
 1 
 
 2

 
0 
1 0 0 
 1 1    1 
Inertia in the direction of a is given by a Ta   0 T
 0 1 1 
 2 2   2 
0 1 1  
 1 
 
 2

 
0 
 
 1 1   1 
 0     1  1  2 unit
 2 2  2
 1 
 
 2
Ans. 44: (b)


Solution: I xx   mi yi2  zi2  0  I xy  I yz  I xz  0

 
I yy   mi xi2  zi2  10ma 2 I zz   mi xi2  yi2   10ma 2

Ans. 45: (d)

Solution: The moment of inertia about pivotal point is given by
MR 2
I  I c.m  Md 2   M (l  R) 2
2
If the ring is displaced by angle  , then its potential energy is
V   Mg (l  R ) cos 

The Lagrangian is given by

1 2 1  MR 2 
L  I  V ( ) =   M (l  R) 2   2  Mg (l  R) cos 
2 2 2  R

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d  L   L   MR 2 
     0    M (l  R) 2    Mg (l  R)sin   0
dt        2 

 MR 2 
For small oscillation, sin       M (l  R) 2    Mg (l  R)  0
 2 

3R 2  4 Rl  2l 2
Time period is given by T  2 .
2g  R  l 

Ans. 46: (a)

Q  P  Q  P
Solution: .  .  1 for P  log sin p and P  q tan p
q  p  p  q

Q  P  Q  P
.  .  1 for P  q 2 sin 2 p and Q  q 2 cos 2 p
q  p  p  q

Ans. 47: (a)

m 2
Solution: L   V  x
x  cxx
2
L p  cx
H   xp
 x  L  xp
 x L;  px   mx  cx   x  x
x m

 p  cx  m  px  Cx   px  cx 
2

 H  x  px     cx   V  x
 m  2 m   m 

 p  cx  m  px  cx 
2

 H  x   px  cx     V  x
 m  2 m 

 p  cx   p  cx 
2 2
1
H  x  x V  x H   px  cx   V  x 
2

m 2m 2m
Ans. 48: (a)

L d  L 
Solution:  L  q 2  qq   2q  q     2q  q
q dt  q 

d  L  L
   0
dt  q  q

d 2q dq
 2 q  q  q  0  2 q  0  2
0   C  q  Ct  
dt dt
At t  0, q  0 so   0 so  q  Ct

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Ans. 49: (a)

p2 1
Solution: H   x 2 p    2 x2
2 1  2  x  2

H
 p   x   x 2  1  2 x 
p
 x   x 2 
p 1  2 x 
p2 1
L  xP    x2 p 
  H  xp   2 x2
1  2 x  2

 x  x   x
 x   x  1  2 x 
2 2 2
2
 1  2 x    x  x   x  1  2 x 
2 2

2 1  2  x 
1
  2 x2
2

 2

 1  2 x   x   x   x   x 
 2  x   x 2   1 2 2
  x
 2  2

 1  2  x 
 x   x 2 2
1
  2 x2
2 2
Ans. 50: (a)
F1
Solution: p  Q  m q  p  Q  p  m q
q
F1 Q  p  m q p  m q
 P  q   P  P  or P 
Q 2m 2m 2m
Ans. 51: (b)
Solution: For two dimensional Harmonic oscillation

m  x 2  y 2   m 2  x 2  y 2 
1 1
L
2 2
m  1,   1

L
2

1 2
x  y 2    x 2  y 2 
1
2

x
u  ln and v  xy the inverse mapping is x  veu , y  ve  u
y

x  veu , x 2  v 2 e 2u and y  ve  u , y 2  v 2 e 2u

x 2
 y 2   v 2  e 2u  e 2u   2v 2 cosh 2u

x  ve  u  ve u u
 u  veu u and y  ve

x 2  e 2u  v  vu  and y 2  e2u  v  vu 

2 2

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 x 2
 y 2   e2u  v  vu   e2u  v  vu 
2 2

e 2 u
L
2

1 2
x  y 2    x 2  y 2  
1
2
e2u
2
2

2
2 1
 v  vu    v  vu   2v 2 cosh 2u
2

L
2

1 2u
e  v  vu   e 2u  v  vu   2v 2 cosh 2u
2 2

Ans. 52: (a)
Solution: The initial angular momentum of the asteroid about the centre of the planet is
L  mv0 d .

At the turning point the velocity v of the asteroid will be perpendicular to the radial vector.
Therefore the angular momentum L  mvR if the asteroid is to just graze the planet.
Conservation of angular momentum requires that L  L . Therefore
v0 d
mvR  mv0 d or v (i)
R
Energy conservation requires
1 2 1 2 GMm 2GM
mv0  mv  or , v2  v02  (ii)
2 2 R R

2G MR
Eliminating v between (i) and (ii) the minimum value of v0 is obtained. v0  .
d 2  R2
Ans. 53: (d)
Solution: Let the potential energy be zero when the rod is in the horizontal position. In the
vertical position in the loss in potential energy of the system will be mg  d  2d   3mgd . The

gain in rotational kinetic energy will be

1 2 1 1 5
I    I1  I 2   2   md 2  m  2d    2  md 2 2
2

2 2 2   2
Gain in kinetic energy = loss of potential energy
5
md 2 2  3mgd
2

6g
 
5d
The linear velocity of the lower mass in the vertical position will be

24
v    2d   gd
5

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Ans. 54: (d)

Solution: From conservation of energy

K  K  2m0 c 2 
K  m0 c  2
p c  m c , so momentum p 
2 2 2
0
4

c
F
If particle flux (number of particles per unit area per unit time) is J , then pressure P 
A


J K K  2m0 c 2 
P
c
Ans. 55: (c)
2 2
Solution: M  M M
5 5
From momentum conservation
   
0  P1  P 2  P1   P 2  P1  P2

From energy conservation

E  E1  E2

2 Mc 2 2 Mc 2 4 Mc 2
 Mc 2    Mc 2 
5 v2 5 v2 5 v2
1 2 1 2 1 2
c c c

 v 2  16 v2 9 3
 1  2 
  2
  v  c  0.6c
 c  25 c 25 5

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