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Core Practical 3 - Diffusion & Osmosis 2

The document contains a series of biology exam questions focused on osmosis and the effects of sucrose solutions on plant cells, particularly potato and onion cells. It includes questions of varying difficulty, requiring explanations, calculations, and experimental design. The questions cover concepts such as cell structure, the process of osmosis, and the impact of solute concentration on cell appearance and mass.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
70 views16 pages

Core Practical 3 - Diffusion & Osmosis 2

The document contains a series of biology exam questions focused on osmosis and the effects of sucrose solutions on plant cells, particularly potato and onion cells. It includes questions of varying difficulty, requiring explanations, calculations, and experimental design. The questions cover concepts such as cell structure, the process of osmosis, and the impact of solute concentration on cell appearance and mass.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Questions

These questions are in order of difficulty – the first questions are easier and would be found at the start of
an exam paper, as you get to the end of the document the questions become more difficult.

I have included a key below of where each question might be found in a typical paper.

Q1: Question 1 from a previous paper

Q2: Question 2 from a previous paper

Q3: Question 4 from a previous paper

Q4: Question 4 from a previous paper

Q5: Question 6 from a previous paper

Q6: Question 6 from a previous paper


Q1.

The image shows some cells from onion epidermis.

(a) (i) Some structures in these onion cells are also found in human red blood cells.
Which row in the table is correct for human red blood cells?
(1)

(ii) The onion cells in the image are all epidermis cells.
What is the term for a collection of cells of the same type?

(1)
A organ
B organism
C system
D tissue

(b) The images show samples of red onion epidermis cells before and after being placed into a 5%
sucrose solution for one hour.

(i) Describe how to make 10 cm3 of a 5% sucrose solution from a 10% sucrose solution and pure
water.
(2)
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(ii) Explain the change in appearance of the onion cells shown in the images after being in the 5%
sucrose solution for one hour.
(3)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)


Q2.

A student investigates the effect of different concentrations of sucrose on potato tissue.


The student first makes a series of sucrose solutions using this dilution table.

(a) Complete the table by writing the volume of distilled water for test tube 2.
(1)
(b) This is the student's method.
Step 1 cut six equal-size cylinders of potato each 5 cm in length
Step 2 dry the cut surfaces using filter paper
Step 3 measure the mass of each cylinder
Step 4 place one cylinder of potato in each of the six test tubes containing

20 cm3 of 1 molar (1.0 mole per litre) sucrose solution

20 cm3 of 0.8 molar sucrose solution

20 cm3 of 0.6 molar sucrose solution

20 cm3 of 0.4 molar sucrose solution

20 cm3 of 0.2 molar sucrose solution

20 cm3 of distilled water


Step 5 put a bung in each test tube and leave the test tubes for one hour
Step 6 remove the cylinders from each test tube
Step 7 dry the cylinders with filter paper
Step 8 measure the mass of each cylinder again
Explain the reason for step 7 in the student's method.
(2)
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(c) The table shows the student's results.

(i) Calculate the percentage change in mass for the 0.4 mole per litre sucrose solution.
(2)

percentage change = ....................... %


(ii) Comment on the effect of the different concentrations of sucrose on the potato tissue.
(5)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)


Q3.

The diagram shows a cell.

(a) (i) Which type of cell does the diagram show?


(1)
A an animal
B a bacterium
C a fungus
D a plant

(ii) The statements below describe conditions required for some molecules to move into this cell.
1. a concentration gradient
2. use of ATP
Which of these statements is correct for the process for osmosis?
(1)
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 2
D neither 1 nor 2

(b) The diagram shows some of the apparatus used to investigate the rate of osmosis.
In the space below draw a labelled diagram to show how you would put this apparatus together to
investigate the rate of osmosis.
(4)

(c) The apparatus is used to find out the effect of different sucrose concentrations on the rate of osmosis.
The graph below shows the results.
Calculate, using information from the graph, the rate of osmosis in mm per minute that would occur for a
sucrose concentration of 2.5%. Show your working.
(2)

rate of osmosis = ........................................................... mm per minute

(Total for question = 8 marks)


Q4.

This apparatus can be used to show osmosis.

(a) Explain what happens to the level of the sucrose solution in the glass tube.
(3)
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(b) Describe how this apparatus could be modified to measure the rate of osmosis at different
temperatures.
(3)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)


Q5.

The diagram shows a plant cell in distilled water and a plant cell in a concentrated solution of sodium
chloride.
(a) (i) Which structure is labelled M?
(1)
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C nucleus
D vacuole

(ii) Which structure is labelled N?


(1)
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D vacuole

(b) (i) Give the name of the liquid found in the gap labelled O in the cell in the concentrated solution of
sodium chloride.
(1)
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(ii) Explain the differences in the appearance of the cell in distilled water and the cell in the
concentrated solution of sodium chloride.
(4)
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(c) Describe an experiment you could do to show how different concentrations of sodium chloride solution
affect the appearance of plant cells.
(4)
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(Total for question = 11 marks)


Q6.

A student uses this method to investigate osmosis in potato tissue.

cut three 5.0 cm long cylinders from a raw potato

dry the cut surfaces using filter paper

measure the mass of each cylinder using a balance

place one cylinder in a test tube containing 10 cm3 of concentrated sucrose solution, one cylinder in a
test tube containing 10 cm3 of distilled water and one cylinder in an empty test tube

put a bung in each test tube and leave them for one hour

remove the cylinders and dry them with filter paper

measure the mass of each cylinder again

measure their lengths using a ruler

(a) (i) Describe what is meant by the term osmosis.


(2)
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(ii) State the independent variable in the student's investigation.
(1)
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(b) Osmosis is affected by the surface area and volume of the cylinders, so the student keeps the original
surface area and volume of each cylinder the same.
At the start of the experiment each cylinder had a radius of 0.25 cm and a length of 5.0 cm.
(i) Calculate the surface area of each cylinder using this formula.
surface area = 2πrl +2πr2
[l = length of cylinder, r = radius of cylinder and π = 3.14]
(2)

surface area = ........................................................... cm2


(ii) Explain how surface area would affect the rate of osmosis.
(2)
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(iii) State another variable the student should control in the investigation.
(1)
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(c) The table shows the student's results for the mass of the cylinders.

(i) Explain the changes in the mass of the potato cylinder in each test tube.
(3)
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(ii) The student also measured the change in length of each potato cylinder.
Assuming the length has the same percentage change as the mass, calculate the final length of the
cylinder in the concentrated sucrose solution.
(3)
length = ........................................................... cm

(Total for question = 14 marks)

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