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08image - Processing I

The document discusses the applications of MATLAB in engineering, focusing on digital image processing. It covers topics such as types of digital images, image acquisition, and various image processing techniques including image arithmetic, histogram equalization, and geometric transformations. Practical examples and MATLAB functions are provided to illustrate how to manipulate and analyze images.

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2 views28 pages

08image - Processing I

The document discusses the applications of MATLAB in engineering, focusing on digital image processing. It covers topics such as types of digital images, image acquisition, and various image processing techniques including image arithmetic, histogram equalization, and geometric transformations. Practical examples and MATLAB functions are provided to illustrate how to manipulate and analyze images.

Uploaded by

salami19abdou
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APPLICATIONS OF

MATLAB IN ENGINEERING
Yan-Fu Kuo Fall 2015
Dept. of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering
National Taiwan University

Today:
• Introduction to digital image
• Read and show images
• Image arithmetic
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 2

Digital Image and Its Acquisition


• An image is an artifact
that depicts or records
visual perception
• Typically acquired by
using charge-coupled
device (CCD) or
complementary metal-
oxide-semiconductor
(CMOS) devices
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 3

Types of Digital Image

• Binary: Each pixel is just black or white


• Grayscale: Each pixel is a shade of gray, normally from 0
(black) to 255 (white)
• True color or RGB: Each pixel has a particular color
described by the amount of red, green and blue in it
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 4

Typical RGB Image


Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 5

Why RGB?
• Three kinds of light-sensitive photoreceptor cells
in the human eye (i.e., cone cells) respond most
to red, green and blue
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 6

Elements of Images

Pixels
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 7

Binary Image
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 8

Greyscale Image
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 9

Color Image
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 10

Read and Show An Image


• Read an image: imread()
• Show an image: imshow()

• Example:
clear, close all
I = imread('pout.tif'); %read
imshow(I); %show
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 11

Image Variable in Workspace


whos
Name Size Bytes Class
I 291x240 69840 uint8
• Image matrix:
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 12

Image Info: imageinfo('pout.tif')


Filename C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2014a\toolbox\images\imdata\pout.tif
FileModDate 25-九月-2013 16:12:06
FileSize 69004
Format tif
Width 240
Height 291
BitDepth 8
ColorType grayscale
FormatSignature [73 73 42 0]
ByteOrder little-endian
BitsPerSample 8
SamplesPerPixel 1
RowsPerStrip 34
StripByteCounts [1x9 double]
XResolution 72
YResolution 72
ResolutionUnit Inch
MaxSampleValue 255
MinSampleValue 0
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 13

Image Viewer: imtool('pout.tif')


• Get pixel information in image viewer
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 14

Image Processing
• Any form of signal processing for which the input
is an image
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 15

Image Arithmetic

imabsdiff Absolute difference of two images


imadd Add two images or add constant to image
imapplymatrix Linear combination of color channels
imcomplement Complement image
imdivide Divide one image into another or divide image
by constant
imlincomb Linear combination of images
immultiply Multiply two images or multiply image by
constant
imsubtract Subtract one image from another or subtract
constant from image
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 16

Image Multiplication: immultiply()


I=imread('rice.png');
subplot(1,2,1); imshow(I);
J=immultiply(I, 1.5);
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(J);

• How to reduce the brightness of the image?


Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 17

Image Addition: imadd()


I=imread('rice.png');
J=imread('cameraman.tif'); K=imadd(I,J);
subplot(1,3,1); imshow(I);
subplot(1,3,2); imshow(K);
subplot(1,3,3); imshow(J);
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 18

Practice
• Adjust the “brightness” and “contrast” of
rice.png and display it on the screen
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 19

Image Histogram: imhist()


imhist(I)

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 50 100 150 200 250


Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 20

Practice
• Plot the histograms of the images before and
after the “brightness” and “contrast” adjustment
for rice.png
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 21

Histogram Equalization: histeq()


• Enhances the contrast of the image
I = imread('pout.tif'); I2 = histeq(I);
subplot(1,4,1); imhist(I);
subplot(1,4,2); imshow(I);
subplot(1,4,3); imshow(I2);
subplot(1,4,4); imhist(I2);

1500 1500

1000 1000

500 500

0 0
0 100 200 0 100 200
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 22

Practice
• Write your own equalization function, try it on
pout.tif, and display it on the screen
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 23

Geometric Transformation
• Moving the coordinates (Not the gray-levels) of
the pixels in an image
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 24

Geometric Transformation Matrices (2D)


Transform Example Transformation matrix
𝑥′ 1 0 𝑡𝑥 𝑥
Translation 𝑦′ = 0 1 𝑡𝑦 𝑦
1 0 0 1 1

𝑠𝑥 0 0
Scale
0 𝑠𝑦 0
imresize() 0 0 1

1 ℎ𝑥 0
Shear ℎ𝑦 1 0
0 0 1

Rotation with 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 0


(clock-wise) − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 0
imrotate() 0 0 1

http://www.mathworks.com/help/images/performing-general-2-d-spatial-transformations.html
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 25

Image Rotation: imrotate()


I = imread('rice.png'); subplot(1,2,1);
imshow(I); J = imrotate(I, 35, 'bilinear');
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(J);
size(I)
size(J)
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 26

Image Rotation
• In two dimensions, rotation of a point (𝑥, 𝑦) for an
angle 𝜃 “counter-clockwise” can be written as:
𝑥′ cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 𝑥
′ =
𝑦 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑦
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 27

Write Image: imwrite()


• Format supported: 'bmp', 'gif', 'hdf', 'jpg', 'jpeg',
'jp2', 'jpx', 'pcx', 'pnm', 'ppm', 'ras', 'tif', 'tiff', 'xwd'
• Example:
imwrite(I, 'pout2.png');
Applications of MATLAB in Engineering Y.-F. Kuo 28

End of Class

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