Scribd
Upload
10 views5 pages

UNIT 1 C Prog

This document provides an overview of arrays in C, including definitions, declarations, initializations, and accessing elements. It explains one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, memory representation, and the use of arrays in functions. Additionally, it covers sorting techniques and the concept of multidimensional arrays.

Uploaded by

manjumittal2709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views5 pages

UNIT 1 C Prog

This document provides an overview of arrays in C, including definitions, declarations, initializations, and accessing elements. It explains one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, memory representation, and the use of arrays in functions. Additionally, it covers sorting techniques and the concept of multidimensional arrays.

Uploaded by

manjumittal2709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

UNIT – I: Arrays in C

1. What is an Array in C? (Defini on)


An array is a collec on of similar data type elements stored in con guous
memory loca ons. It is used to store mul ple values using a single
variable name.
Example: To store marks of 5 students, instead of wri ng:
int m1, m2, m3, m4, m5;
We write:
int marks[5];

2. Declara on and Ini aliza on of One-Dimensional Array


Declara on syntax:
data_type array_name[size];
Example:
int arr[5];
Sta c Ini aliza on (at the me of declara on):
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
You can also omit the size:
int arr[] = {10, 20, 30}; // Compiler sets size to 3
Run me Ini aliza on (taking input using loop):
int arr[5];
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

3. Accessing Array Elements


Array elements are accessed using indexing, and the index starts from 0.
arr[0] = 100; // Assign value
prin ("%d", arr[0]); // Access value

4. Displaying Array Elements


To display elements, we use a loop:
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
prin ("%d ", arr[i]);
}

5. Sor ng Array (Bubble Sort in Ascending Order)


This code sorts array elements from smallest to largest:
int temp;
for(int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; j++) {
if(arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
// swap
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}}
6. Arrays and Func ons
Passing Array to a Func on:
void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
prin ("%d ", arr[i]);
}
}
Calling Func on:
int a[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
printArray(a, 5);
In C, arrays are passed to func ons by reference (actually passing the
base address).

7. Two-Dimensional Arrays
Used to store data in a table (matrix) format – rows and columns.
Declara on:
int arr[2][3];
Ini aliza on:
int arr[2][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
Access and Display:
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
prin ("%d ", arr[i][j]);
}
prin ("\n");
}

8. Memory Representa on of 2D Array


Row-Major Order (used by C):
All rows are stored one a er another in memory.
int arr[2][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
Stored as: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Column-Major Order (used in some other languages like Fortran):


Columns are stored one a er another.
Stored as: 1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6

9. Mul dimensional Arrays


An array with more than 2 dimensions is called a mul dimensional array.
Declara on:
int arr[2][3][4]; // 3D array
Ini aliza on:
int arr[1][2][2] = {{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}};
Mul dimensional arrays are used in scien fic calcula ons, image
processing, etc.

You might also like