1 A Place value

Learning intentions
By the end of this topic you wilt be able to ... @ Inter-year links
Support Place value
identify the place value of a digit in a number Year 8 1A Rounding and estimating
write numbers in expanded form Year 9 2E Scientific notation
round whole numbers.

Whole numbers © Key content video

• Whole numbers are the numbers we count with, plus 0. The list of whole numbers starts
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... and continues indefinitely.
• The numeral representing each whole number is made up of one or more digits. There are 10 digits:
0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9.
• The value of each digit depends on the place or position of the digit in the number.

Place value charts

• Place value charts can be used to determine the value of each digit in a number.
Hundred Ten Tens Ones
Millions Thousands Hundreds
thousands thousands

3 2 8 7 2 6 3

The place value of 3 is 3 000 000

The place value of 2 is 200000
The place value of 8 is
The place value of 7 is 3 2 8 7 2 6 3
The place value of 2 is
The place value of 6 is
The place value of 3 is

Standard, expanded and worded form

• Standard form refers to the way we normally write numbers.
• Expanded form refers to writing a number by showing the value of each digit. The number is written
as the sum of the place values of each digit.
• Worded form refers to the way we read numbers out loud.

Standard form 32 456

Expanded form 3 x 10 000+ +4x 100 + 5 x 10 + 6x1
Worded form Thirty-two thousand, four hundred and fifty-six

4 - OXFORD MATHS 7 NSW CURRICULUM OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

 Rounding
• Rounding a number involves replacing the number with an approximation that is simpler and easier to
use in calculations. Rounding makes any calculations less accurate.
• When a number is rounded, the result is an approximation.
• ‘Approximately equal’ is shown using the symbol
• When rounding to the nearest thousand, place a box around the digit in the thousands place.
— If the digit to the right is less than 5, round down.
— If the digit to the right is greater than or equal to 5, round up.
l|2]300 * 12 000 1|2] 600 * 13 000
4 9
® Round 8 Round
2
i down © up
o,, 5

Rounding to a number’s leading digit is to round a number to the first digit (based on the value of the
second digit) and to set all the other digits to zero.
Leading digit

123456 =[1]23456 * 100000

Ordering numbers
• Numbers are in ascending order when they are arranged from smallest to largest.
• Numbers are in descending order when they are arranged from largest to smallest.

• ‘Less than’ is shown using the symbol ‘<’.

• ‘Greater than’ is shown using the symbol *>’.

Estimation
• To estimate is to find an approximate value of a calculation, usually involving rounding.
For example, 1234 + 5678 « 1000 + 6000, so this sum is approximately equal to 7000. The actual result
is 6912.
• Estimation is helpful to describe a quantity that is time consuming to count or measure in order
to be exact.
For example, estimating can be useful for determining the size of a large crowd or the area of a room.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPTER 1 WHOLE NUMBERS - 5

 Example 1 A.l Identifying the place value of a digit in a number
Identify the place value of the 5 in each number.
a 357 b 58032

THINK
1 Show the numbers in a place value chart. Remember to include the zeroes in the chart.

2 Consider the place value of the 5.

WRITE
a
Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
10000 1000 100 10 1
3 5 7

The 5 is in the tens column, so its place value is 50.

Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

10000 1000 100 10 1
5 8 0 3 2

The 5 is in the ten thousands column, so its place value is 50000.

Example 1A.2 Writing numbers in expanded form

Write each number in expanded form.
a 369 b 28104 c 5070

THINK
1 Show the numbers in a place value chart. Remember to include the zeroes in the chart.
2 Write each number in expanded form by showing the value of each digit.

WRITE

Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

10000 1000 100 10 1
3 6 9
2 8 1 0 4
5 0 7 0

a 369 = 3 x 100 + 6 x 10 + 9 x 1
b 28104 = 2 x 10000 + 8x 1000+ 1 x 100 + 4x1
c 5070 = 5 x 1000 + 7 x 10

6 - OXFORD MATHS 7 NSW CURRICULUM OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

 Example 1A.3 Rounding a number
Write an approximation for each number by rounding to the nearest hundred.
a 719 b 4482 c 990

THINK WRITE
a 1 Put a box around the digit in the hundreds place. a 719
2 Look to the right of the boxed digit. The next digit is 7 19
less than 5, so do not change the boxed digit.
3 All digits to the left of the boxed digit stay the same. too
Replace all digits to the right of the boxed digit with 719 = 700
a zero.
b 1 Put a box around the digit in the hundreds place. b 4482
2 Look to the right of the boxed digit. The next digit is 4482
greater than 5, so add one to the digit in the box.
3 All digits to the left of the boxed digit stay the same. 4500
Replace all digits to the right of the boxed digit with 4482 = 4500
a zero.
c 1 Put a box around the digit in the hundreds place. c 9 90
2 Look to the right of the boxed digit. The next digit 990
is greater than 5, so add one to the digit in the box.
The boxed digit changes from 9 to 10, so write
zero in the boxed digit’s place and add one to the
digit to the left.
3 Replace all digits to the right of the boxed digit with l£00
a zero. 990 = 1000

Helpful hints

The digit 0 (zero) is important. It shows that there is nothing in that place value position and it keeps all
other digits in the correct places.
Remember that the place of a digit in a numeral indicates the digit’s value.
For example, the 4 in 3452 represents 400 instead of 4.
Be careful when rounding to a specific place value. If you draw a square around the wrong place, your
answer will not be correct. Use a place value chart to double check if you are unsure.

Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

10000 1000 100 10 1

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPTER 1 WHOLE NUMBERS - 7

 S Exercise 1A Place value
2-3(e,f), 4-5(c, g, h), 7-8(d-f), 9(e, f),
1 -5, 7-9, 1 0(a, c). 1 1 (a, b), 1 2,
13, 1 5(a-c), 16, 1 7
1-6, 7(b, d, f), 8-9(d-f), 1 0(c, d),
ll(c, d), 13, 15, 18, 19,21 O 10(d), 11(d), 14, 15,18, 20-23

iA.i 1 Identify the place value of the 5 in each number.

UNDERSTAIG
a 56 b 235 c 52 649 d 8507 e 65344 f 516921
2 Identify the place value of the 9 in each number.
a 298 b 957 c 39 d 59406 e 7891 f 970412
ia.2 3 Write each number in expanded form.
AND a 46 b 568 c 1256 d 7692 e 89457 f 457082

FLUENCY 1A.3 4 Write an approximation for each number by rounding to the nearest hundred.
a 780 b 450 c 103 d 6522
5 Write an approximation for each number by rounding to the nearest thousand.
e 38405 f 5991 g 8521 h 22968

a 4506 b 8732 c 1257 d 7851 e 36579 f 50644 g 89555 h 99689

6 For each number shown on these signs, write the value of the digit that is listed in brackets.

a distance where animals may be near the road (9)

b height above sea level of Mt Kosciuszko (8)
c i distance to Alice Springs (1)
ii distance to Tennant Creek (5)
iii distance to Darwin (1)
7 Write these numbers in standard form.
a sixty-two thousand
b nine hundred and seventy-eight
c three hundred and four
d two hundred and fifty thousand, one hundred and twelve
e twelve thousand, five hundred and forty-three
f nine thousand and twenty-six
8 Write these numbers in worded and expanded form.
a 362 b 7215 c 45733
d 234601 e 6420058 f 55555
9 Complete the following number sentences by writing < or > in the space provided.
a 8530 7503 b 46249 64249
c 317294 37294 d 709 4503
e 5678 5876 f 10462 10248
10 Write each list of numbers in ascending order (from smallest to largest).
a 58,72,9,40,88,15,28 b 856,805,890,806,846
c 625,9472,6105,10417,9902 d 2374, 23 074, 23 704, 234, 2347

8 - OXFORD MATHS 7 NSW CURRICULUM OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

11 Write each list of numbers in descending order (from largest to smallest).

UNDERSTAIG
a 870,8000,87,1800,807 b 3999,3909,399,309,3099
c 72156,75126,75561,75516 d 2567291,256291,1967219
12 Estimate the values marked by the crosses from left to right on the number line.
1 X ¥ ¥ 1 X— 1 ’
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
13 Estimate the values marked by the crosses from left to right on the number line.
AND
.
* 1
100
++ 1
120 140
1 X 1
160
r~X

14 Estimate the values marked by the crosses from left to right on the number line.
1
180
X
200
FLUENCY
। X X । X । X । । X । X 1
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000

15 Write the following numbers in standard form.

a 4x 1000 + 5 x 100 + 3 x1
b 3 x 10000 + 3 x 100 + 7 x 10 + 2 x1
c 6 x 10000 + 8 x 1000 + 5 x 100 + 3 x 10 + 9 x1
d 2x 100000 + 3 x 1000 + 4x1
e 8x 100000 + 9x 10000 + 4 x 100 + 3 x1
f 6 x 100000 + 7 x 10000 + 4 x 1000 + 3 x 100 + 2 x 10 + 6 x 1
16 a Decide whether each number is closer to 200 or 300.
i 228 ii 252 iii 280
b Decide whether each number is closer to 5000 or 6000.
i 5743 ii 5086 iii 5617
iv 219

iv 5508 v 5499
v 266

PROBLEM
c Explain your thinking for parts a and b.
17 The four planets closest to the Sun are shown with their diameter measurements. SAOLNVINDG
REASONIG
< > <
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
4878 km 12104 km 12756 km 6794 km

a Write their diameters as approximate values by rounding to the nearest thousand.

b Draw a number line and mark these approximate values on it. Label each value with the
name of the planet.
c Use your approximate values to write a sentence comparing the sizes
of the planets.
18 a Write these measurements as approximate values.
i the diameter of the Moon, by rounding to the nearest thousand
ii the distance from Earth to the Moon, if the distance between
them is 334402 km, by rounding to the nearest hundred thousand
b Is the distance from Earth to the Moon approximately 10, 100 or 1000 times greater
than the diameter of the Moon? Explain your thinking.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPTER 1 WHOLE NUMBERS - 9

 19 a How many different two-digit numbers can you make from 3 and 5 if you cannot repeat digits? List them
in ascending order.
b How many different two-digit numbers can you make from 3 and 5 if you can repeat digits? List them in
descending order.
20 a How many different two-digit numbers can you make from 2, 4 and 7 if you cannot repeat digits?
List them in descending order.
b How many different two-digit numbers can you make from 2, 4 and 7 if you can repeat digits? List them in
ascending order.
21 Consider the digits 1, 3, 6 and 9. Use these digits to write:

CHALENG a the largest four-digit number without repeating any digits

b the smallest four-digit number if digits can be repeated
c the largest even number without repeating any digits
d all the four-digit numbers between 3620 and 6350 if no digits can be repeated.
22 Consider the place value chart. The digit in the thousands column is currently missing.
Millions Hundred Ten Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
thousands thousands
1 2 3 0 2 9

a When rounded to the nearest hundred thousand, what will the number be?
b What digit, or digits, placed in the thousands column will give the number 1 230 000 when rounded to the
nearest ten thousand?
c Suppose the digit in the thousands column is 9, and 760 000 is added to the number in the table.
Determine the result rounded to the nearest ten thousand.
d Suppose the digit in the thousands column is 9, and 760 000 is subtracted from the number in the table.
Determine the result rounded to the nearest ten thousand.
23 A multi-billionaire designed a special new lock for his safe. The lock, shown below, is reset to a different four
numbers every two minutes. To crack the code, you must round each number so that the sum of the digits is
closest to 20.
For example, 48 922 would be rounded to 48 900 as 4 + 8 + 9 = 21, and rounding to the nearest hundred in
this case gives the closest digit sum to 20.
Can you crack the code in the given time limit of two minutes?

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© Interactiveskillsheet
Place value © Interactiveskillsheet
Rounding integers © Investigation
Roman numerals
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1A

10 - OXFORD MATHS 7 NSW CURRICULUM OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS