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Digital Exp 12

The experiment aims to study the working of a convolution encoder using shift registers and MATLAB 2016A. It involves inputting a binary stream, encoding it using generator polynomials, and observing the output for error detection and correction. The experiment concludes that convolution encoding introduces redundancy, forming the basis for forward error correction in modern communication systems.

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9 views3 pages

Digital Exp 12

The experiment aims to study the working of a convolution encoder using shift registers and MATLAB 2016A. It involves inputting a binary stream, encoding it using generator polynomials, and observing the output for error detection and correction. The experiment concludes that convolution encoding introduces redundancy, forming the basis for forward error correction in modern communication systems.

Uploaded by

singhanisha073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment - 12

Aim:
To study the working of Convolution encoder.

Apparatus Required:

Shift registers, Convolution encoding kit, logic gates.


Tools to simulate:
MATLAB 2016A.

Theory :
A convolutional encoder is a discrete linear time-invariant system. Every output of an encoder can be
described by its own transfer function, which is closely related to the generator polynomial. An impulse response is
connected with a transfer function through Z-transform.it is used for error correction by adding redundancy to the data,
allowing the receiver to detect and correct errors.

Procedure: working:

1.initialize the shift registers 0.

2.input a binary stream, one bit at a time.

3.for each bit -shift it into the register, compute the output bits using the generator polynomials (by

XORing specific register positions),output the encoded bits.

4.repeat for the entire input stream.

Diagram of Convolution encoding:


Observations:
Input=1011
Length=3, code rate=1/2, polynomials: G1=(1 1 1), G2=(1 0 1)

Input bits = 1 0 1 1
Shift register state= 100 010 101 110
Output=(1 1), (1 1), (0 0), (0 1) - 11110001

Working with MATLAB tool:

1.length=3
2.code rate=1/2 (1 input bit-2 output bits)
3.G1=[1 1 1], G2=[1 0 1]

MATLAB code:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
input=[1 0 1 1];
K=3;
G1=[1 1 1];
G2=[1 0 1];
Shift_reg = zeros(1,K-1);
Encoded=[ ];
For i=1:length(input)
Current_bit=input(i);
Reg_state=[current_bit shift_reg];
Out1=mod(sum(reg_state.* G1), 2);
Out2=mod(sum(reg_state.* G2), 2);
Encoded=[encoded out1 out2];
Shift_reg=[current_bit shift_reg(1:end-1)];
End
Disp(‘input sequence:’);
Disp(input);
Disp(‘encoded output:’);
Disp(encoded);

OUTPUT:
Input sequence:
1011
Encoded output:
11110001

Result:
The working of convolution encoder is studied, and it can be used for error detection and correction in digital
Communication.

Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrates how convolution encoding introduces redundancy based on input bits
using shift registers, forms the basis for many forward error correction schemes used in modern
communication systems.

Precaution:

1. Don’t touch live terminals directly.


2. All the connections should be right and tight.
3.always verify the output.

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