MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ans Python Command line arguments are input parameters passed to the script when 1 M for
executing them. Almost all programming language provide support for command line definition and
arguments. Then we also have command line options to set some specific options for 3 M for
the program. program
There are many options to read python command line arguments. The three most
common ones are:
Python sys.argv
Python getopt module
Python argparse module

Program:
import sys
x=int(sys.argv[1])
y=int(sys.argv[2])
sum=x+y
print("The addition is :",sum)

Output:
C:\Python34\python sum.py 6 4
The addition is : 10
c) Write python code to count frequency of each characters in a given file. 4M

Ans import collections Any proper

import pprint logic program
file_input = input('File Name: ') 4M
with open(file_input, 'r') as info:
count = collections.Counter(info.read().upper())
value = pprint.pformat(count)
print(value)
d) Write python program to read contents of abc.txt and write same content to 4M
pqr.txt.
Ans with open('abs.txt','r') as firstfile, open('prq.txt','w') as secondfile: Any proper
# read content from first file logic program
for line in firstfile: for 4 M
# write content to second file
secondfile.write(line)

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Write different data types in python with suitable example. 6M

Ans Data types in Python programming includes:

 Numbers: Represents numeric data to perform mathematical operations.
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 String: Represents text characters, special symbols or alphanumeric data.
 List: Represents sequential data that the programmer wishes to sort, merge etc.
6m for data
 Tuple: Represents sequential data with a little difference from list. types
 Dictionary: Represents a collection of data that associate a unique key with each
value.
 Boolean: Represents truth-values (true or false).

1. Integers (int Data Type): An integer is a whole number that can be positive (+) or
negative (−). Integers can be of any length, it is only limited by the memory available.
Example: For number data types are integers.
>>>a=10
>>>b -10
To determine the type of a variable type() function is used.
>>>type(a)
>>> <class 'int'>

2. Boolean (Bool Data Type: The simplest build-in type in Python is the bool type, it
represents the truth-values False and True. Internally the true value is represented as
1 and false is 0.
For example
>>>a = 18 > 5
>>>print(a)
True
b=2>3
print(b)
False

3. Floating-Point/Float Numbers (Float Data Type): Floating-point number or Float is

a positive or negative number with a fractional part. A floating point number is
accurate up to 15 decimal places. Integer and floating points are separated by decimal
points. 1 is integer, 1.0 is floating point number.
Example: Floating point number.
x=10.1
type(x)
<class 'float'>

4. Complex Numbers (Complex Data Type): Complex numbers are written in the form,
x + yj, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part.
Example:
Complex number.
>>>x = 3+4j
>>>print(x.real)
3.0
>>>print(x.imag)
4.0

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. String Data Type: String is a collection of group of characters. Strings are identified
as a contiguous set of characters enclosed in single quotes (' ') or double quotes (" ").
Any letter, a number or a symbol could be a part of the string. Strings are
unchangeable (immutable). Once a string is created, it cannot be modified.
Example: For string data type.
>>> s1="Hello" #string in double quotes
>>> s2='Hi' #string in single quotes
>>> s3="Don't open the door" #single quote string in double quotes
>>> s4='I said "yipee"' #double quote string in single quotes
>>>type(s1)
<class 'str'>

6. List Data Type: List is an ordered sequence of items. It is one of the most used
datatype in Python and is very flexible.
List can contain heterogeneous values such as integers, floats, strings, tuples, lists and
dictionaries but they are commonly used to store collections of homogeneous objects.
The list datatype in Python programming is just like an array that can store a group of
elements and we can refer to these elements using a single name. Declaring a list is
pretty straight forward. Items separated by commas ( , ) are enclosed within brackets [
].
Example: For list.
>>> first=[10, 20, 30] # homogenous values in list
>>> second=["One","Two","Three"] # homogenous values in list
>>> first
[10, 20, 30]
>>> second
['One', 'Two', 'Three']
>>> first + second # prints the concatenated lists
[10, 20, 30, 'One', 'Two', 'Three']

7. Tuple Data Type: Tuple is an ordered sequence of items same as list. The only
difference is that tuples are immutable.
Tuples once created cannot be modified. It is defined within parentheses ( ) where
items are separated by commas ( , ).
A tuple data type in python programming is similar to a list data type, which also
contains heterogeneous items/elements.
Example: For tuple.
>>> a=(10,'abc',1+3j)
>>> a
(10, 'abc', (1+3j))
>>> a[0]
10
>>> a[0]=20
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>

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8. Dictionary: Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. It is the same as
the hash table type. The order of elements in a dictionary is undefined, but we can
iterate over the following:
o The key
o The value
o The items (key-value pairs) in a dictionary.
When we have the large amount of data, the dictionary data type is used. Items in
dictionaries are enclosed in curly braces { } and separated by the comma (,). A colon (:)
is used to separate key from value. Values can be assigned and accessed using square
braces ([]).
Example: For dictionary data type.
>>> dic1={1:"First","Second":2}
>>> dic1
{1: 'First', 'Second': 2}
>>> type(dic1)
<class 'dict'>
>>> dic1[3]="Third"
>>> dic1
{1: 'First', 'Second': 2, 3: 'Third'}
>>> dic1.keys()
dict_keys([1, 'Second', 3])
>>> dic1.values()
dict_values(['First', 2, 'Third'])
>>>

b) Example module. How to define module. 6M

Ans A module allows you to logically organize your Python code. Grouping related code 2 M for
into a module makes the code easier to understand and use. A module is a Python module
object with arbitrarily named attributes that you can bind and reference. explanation

Simply, a module is a file consisting of Python code. A module can define functions,
classes and variables. A module can also include runnable code.
Example
The Python code for a module named aname normally resides in a file named
aname.py. Here's an example of a simple module, support.py 2 M for
creating
def print_func( par ): module
print "Hello : ", par
return
To create a module just save the code you want in a file with the file extension .py:
Example
Save this code in a file named mymodule.py
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
Now we can use the module we just created, by using the import statement: 2 M for
accessing/using
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Example module
Import the module named mymodule, and call the greeting function:
import mymodule
mymodule.greeting("ABC")
c) Write python program to perform following operations on Set (Instead of 6M
Tuple)

i) Create set
ii) Access set Element
iii) Update set
iv) Delete set

Ans # To Create set

S={10,20,30,40,50}
6m for any
# To Access Elements from set suitable
print (S) program

#To add element into set using add method

S.add(60) (If students
print(S) attempted with
“set” give
#To update set using update method marks as per
S.update(['A','B']) marking
print(S) scheme)

#To Delete element from Set using discard() method OR

S.discard(30) (If students
print(S) attempted with
“Tuple”
#To delete element from set using remove() method
S.remove('A') Then
print(S)
2M-create
#To delete element from set using pop() method Tuple
S.pop() 2M-Access
print(S) tuple

output: 2M-delete
{50, 20, 40, 10, 30} Tuple)
{50, 20, 40, 10, 60, 30}
{'B', 50, 20, 'A', 40, 10, 60, 30}
{'B', 50, 20, 'A', 40, 10, 60}
{'B', 50, 20, 40, 10, 60}
{50, 20, 40, 10, 60}

(Any other suitable example can consider)

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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*If students have attempted by using “Tuple” then

#To create tuple

tuple1=(10,20,30,40,50)
print (tuple1)
#Access tuple values
print (tuple1[1])
print (tuple1[0:3])
# deleting tuple
del tuple1
print (tuple1)

output:
(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
20
(10, 20, 30)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Vijay Patil\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\temp.py", line
9, in <module>
print (tuple1)
NameError: name 'tuple1' is not defined. Did you mean: 'tuple'?

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Explain mutable and immutable data structures. 6M

Ans The data types in Python are divided in two categories: 3m for mutable
Immutable data types – Values cannot be changed. Immutable data types in Python are data structure
1. Numbers and 3m for
2. String immutable data
3. Tuple structure
Mutable data types – Values can be changed. Mutable data types in Python are:
1. List
2. Dictionaries
3. Sets

1. Numbers
Python supports integers, floats and complex numbers.
An integer is a number without decimal point for example 5, 6, 10 etc.
A float is a number with decimal point for example 6.7, 6.0, 10.99 etc.
A complex number has a real and imaginary part for example 7+8j, 8+11j etc.

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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Example:

# int
num1 = 10
num2 = 100

# float
a = 10.5
b = 8.9

# complex numbers
x = 3 + 4j
y = 9 + 8j

2. String
A string is usually a bit of text (sequence of characters). In Python we use ” (double
quotes) or ‘ (single quotes) to represent a string.
There are several ways to create strings in Python:
1. We can use ‘ (single quotes), see the string str in the following code.
2. We can use ” (double quotes), see the string str2 in the source code below.

3. Triple double quotes “”” and triple single quotes ”’ are used for creating multi-line
strings in Python.
Example:
str = 'beginnersbook'
str2 = "Chaitanya"
# multi-line string
str3 = """Welcome to
Pythonsbook"""

str4 = '''This is a tech

paper'''

3. Tuple
In Python, a tuple is similar to List except that the objects in tuple are immutable which
means we cannot change the elements of a tuple once assigned. On the other hand, we
can change the elements of a list.
To create a tuple in Python, place all the elements in a () parenthesis, separated by
commas. A tuple can have heterogeneous data items, a tuple can have string and list as
data items as well.
Example
# tuple of strings
my_data = ("hi", "hello", "bye")
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# tuple of int, float, string

my_data2 = (1, 2.8, "Hello World")

# tuple of string and list

my_data3 = ("Book", [1, 2, 3])

# tuples inside another tuple

# nested tuple
my_data4 = ((2, 3, 4), (1, 2, "hi"))

4. List
A list is a data type that allows you to store various types data in it. List is a compound
data type which means you can have different-2 data types under a list, for example we
can have integer, float and string items in a same list.
To create a list all you have to do is to place the items inside a square bracket []
separated by comma ,.`
Example:
# list of floats
num_list = [11.22, 9.9, 78.34, 12.0]

# list of int, float and strings

mix_list = [1.13, 2, 5, "beginnersbook", 100, "hi"]

# an empty list
nodata_list = []
5. Dictionaries
Dictionary is a mutable data type in Python. A python dictionary is a collection of key
and value pairs separated by a colon (:), enclosed in curly braces {}.
Left side of the colon(:) is the key and right side of the : is the value.
mydict = {'StuName': 'Ajeet', 'StuAge': 30, 'StuCity': 'Agra'}

6. Sets
Set is an unordered and unindexed collection of items in Python. Unordered means
when we display the elements of a set, it will come out in a random order. Unindexed
means, we cannot access the elements of a set using the indexes like we can do in list
and tuples.
The elements of a set are defined inside curly brackets and are separated by commas.
For example –
myset = {1, 2, 3, 4, "hello"}

b) Design a class student with data members; Name, roll number address. 6M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Create suitable method for reading and printing students details.
Ans class Student: 2 M for class
definition
def getStudentDetails(self):
self.rollno=input("Enter Roll Number : ")
self.name = input("Enter Name : ")
self.address =input("Enter Address : ")
def printStudentDetails(self):
2 M to define
print(self.rollno,self.name, self.address) functions
S1=Student()
S1.getStudentDetails()
print("Student Details ")
S1.printStudentDetails ()

Output: 2 M to create
objects
Enter Roll Number : 001
Enter Name : ABC
Enter Address : New York
Student Details :
001 ABC New York
(Any suitable program can consider)
c) Create a parent class named Animals and a child class Herbivorous which will 6M
extend the class Animal. In the child class Herbivorous over side the method feed (
). Create a object
Ans # parent class 2 M to create
class Animal: parent class
# properties
multicellular = True
# Eukaryotic means Cells with Nucleus
eukaryotic = True

# function breath 2 M to define

def breathe(self): child class
print("I breathe oxygen.")

# function feed
def feed(self):
print("I eat food.")
2 M to create
# child class object and call
class Herbivorous(Animal): function
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# function feed
def feed(self):
print("I eat only plants. I am vegetarian.")

herbi = Herbivorous()

herbi.feed()
# calling some other function
herbi.breathe()

Output:
I eat only plants. I am vegetarian.
I breathe oxygen.

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