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The document contains a comprehensive list of questions covering various topics in Java, Spring Boot, microservices, system design, concurrency, database optimization, and DevOps. It addresses key concepts such as memory management, design patterns, exception handling, and the differences between various Java collections and concurrency mechanisms. Additionally, it explores advanced topics like CI/CD processes, cloud deployment, and microservices architecture.

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4 views

BackendQ

The document contains a comprehensive list of questions covering various topics in Java, Spring Boot, microservices, system design, concurrency, database optimization, and DevOps. It addresses key concepts such as memory management, design patterns, exception handling, and the differences between various Java collections and concurrency mechanisms. Additionally, it explores advanced topics like CI/CD processes, cloud deployment, and microservices architecture.

Uploaded by

dev.login2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1 How does Java Memory Management work (Heap, Stack, GC algorithms)?

Q2 How does HashMap work internally in Java?


Q3 What is the difference between synchronized blocks vs. concurrent collections?
Q4 Explain Java 8 features – Streams, Lambda, Functional Interfaces.
Q5 What is the difference between Comparable and Comparator?
Q6 What are the different types of design patterns in Java? Can you explain
Singleton and Factory patterns?
Q7 What are the best practices for handling exceptions in Java?
Q8 What is the difference between Checked and Unchecked exceptions?

Spring Boot & Microservices


Q9 How does Spring Boot auto-configuration work?
Q10 Difference between monolithic vs. microservices architecture?
Q11 How does Spring Security work? Explain JWT authentication.
Q12 How does Spring Boot handle dependency injection?
Q13 What are the different types of scopes in Spring Beans?
Q14 What is @Transactional, and how does Spring handle transactions?
Q15 How does Service Discovery work in microservices? Explain Netflix Eureka.
Q16 How does load balancing work in microservices?
System Design (For 2+ year Experienced Roles)
Q17 What strategies would you use to design a highly scalable logging system?
Q18 What is event-driven architecture & how do Kafka/RabbitMQ fit in?
Q19 How would you scale a database-heavy application?
Q20 How would you design a real-time chat application like WhatsApp?
Q21 How do you handle consistency in a distributed system?
Q22 How would you design a distributed caching system?
Q23 What is CAP theorem, and how does it apply to distributed systems?
Q24 How would you design an e-commerce system that handles flash sales?
Q25 How do you handle versioning in microservices?
1) Difference between ArrayList and LinkedList.
2) How HashMap works internally in Java.
3) What happens if two keys have the same hashcode in HashMap?
4) Difference between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer.
5) Why is String immutable in Java?
6) How does Garbage Collection work in Java?
7) Explain Java Memory Management (Heap vs. Stack)
8) What are functional interfaces in Java?
9) Difference between Comparator and Comparable.
10) What is Java 8 Stream API, and how does it work?
11) How does Concurrency work in Java?
12) Explain the volatile keyword in Java.
13) What is the use of the transient keyword?
14) Difference between final, finally, and finalize.
15 What are checked and unchecked exceptions?
16) Can we override a static method in Java?
17) What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
18) How does the synchronized keyword work?
19) What is a ThreadPool, and why is it used?
20) How do you handle deadlocks in Java?
Explain object-oriented programming (OOPs) concepts in depth.

2) Write the output for the following cases:


a) Using the "static" keyword in Java.
b) "++" operator-based question.

3) Given a string, count the occurrence of each character and replace duplicates:

- Input: "Automation"
- Output: "2u22m22i2n"
4) List all the Git commands you have used in your project.
5) How do you configure a Jenkins pipeline? How do you schedule it to run daily at
a specific time?
6) What is the String Constant Pool? Why is a String immutable in Java?
7) What is serialization and deserialization in Java?
8) What are the different types of inheritance in Java? What is multilevel
inheritance?
9) Explain TestNG annotations and their usage.
10) What are listeners in TestNG? How have you used them in your scripts?
11) Which test automation framework have you used? How do you manage test data in
your scripts?
12) Which design pattern have you implemented in your framework?
13) What is JVM? What is the difference between JVM, JRE, and JDK?
14) What is exception handling in Java? What are its types? How do you handle
exceptions in your project?
15) What is the difference between 'findElement' and `findElements in Selenium?
16) What is the return type of getWindowHandles()` in Selenium?
hashtag
Basics of Concurrency and Why It Matters
✅ Creating Threads in Java (Thread, Runnable, Callable)
✅ Thread Lifecycle
✅ Daemon Thread
✅ Java Memory Model (JMM)
✅ Volatile, Synchronized, and Atomic Variables
✅ ThreadLocal and InheritableThreadLocal – When to Use?
✅ Java Executor Service & Different Thread Pools
✅ ThreadPoolExecutor – How it Works Internally
✅ Producer-Consumer Problem & Its Solutions
✅ Virtual Threads – The Future of Concurrency in Java 🚀
✅ Deadlocks, Livelocks, Starvation
✅ Fork/Join Framework

Database & Performance Optimization


Q26 Explain Indexing, Partitioning & Sharding in databases.
Q27 How would you handle the N+1 query problem in Hibernate?
Q28 What is the difference between SQL & NoSQL, and when to use which one?
Q29 What is a deadlock in databases, and how do you prevent it?
Q30 How do you optimize queries for performance in large-scale applications?
Q31 What are ACID properties in a database?
Q32 How does database replication work?
Q33 What is database connection pooling, and why is it important?
Q34 What is a materialized view in a database?

DevOps & Cloud Basics


Q35 How does CI/CD work in a microservices project?
Q36 Explain the basics of Docker, Kubernetes & Cloud Deployments (AWS, GCP, Azure).
Q37 What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?
Q38 How do you monitor a microservices-based application?
Q39 What are Kubernetes Pods, Deployments, and Services?
Q40 How do you handle secrets and configurations in Kubernetes?
Q41 What is an API Gateway, and how does it help in microservices?

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