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Discreet Mathematic

This document outlines the first lecture of ICT101, focusing on decimal and binary number systems, their conversions, and arithmetic operations. It includes details on assessments, teaching staff, and class activities related to number representation. Key concepts covered include the importance of discrete mathematics in IT and methods for converting and performing operations in different number bases.

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omeransari13.16
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7 views20 pages

Discreet Mathematic

This document outlines the first lecture of ICT101, focusing on decimal and binary number systems, their conversions, and arithmetic operations. It includes details on assessments, teaching staff, and class activities related to number representation. Key concepts covered include the importance of discrete mathematics in IT and methods for converting and performing operations in different number bases.

Uploaded by

omeransari13.16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICT101

Discrete Mathematics for IT


Lecture 1 - Decimal and binary number systems,
conversion and addition

Slides adopted from:


P. Grossman, “Discrete Mathematics or Computing”, 3rd edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
Teaching Staff
Coordinator: Dr Krish Muraleedaran
([email protected])

Teaching Team: Ms Shabana Channa([email protected])


Assessments
Assessment 1: Weekly exercises (Weeks 1 to 10) (2% each) 20%

Assessment 2: Quiz-1(Mid Week 6) In tutorial Class 20%

Assessment 3: Quiz-2 (Mid Week 11) In tutorial Class 20%

Assessment 4: Individual Assignment (Week 12 and 13) 40%


• Introduction to Discrete Mathematics and importance of
Math
• Introduction to Number Systems and Number
representation
• Decimal and Binary Number system and its importance in
Computing
• Conversions of values between Decimal and Binary
number systems
• Arithmetic operations in non-decimal Number systems
Real numbers and the decimal number system

• Numbers can be represented in various ways.

• In particular, numbers can be represented using systems similar to


the familiar decimal system but using a base other than 10.

• Here, we investigate the representation of numbers using different


number bases, paying particular attention to the number systems
used in computing.
Numbers represented in Decimal Number System

• The natural numbers (also called the positive integers) are the
numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...

• The integers, or whole numbers, include zero and the negative


whole numbers as well as the natural numbers: ..., –3, –2, –1, 0,
1, 2, 3, ...

• The rational numbers are all the numbers that can be expressed
in the form m/n where m and n are integers and n is not zero.
Binary Number System

• The binary system is the positional number system that uses 2 as


the base. Whereas the decimal system uses the 10 decimal digits 0,
1, 2, ..., 9, the binary system uses the 2 binary digits (or bits) 0 and
1.
• A positive number written in the binary system appears as a string
of zeros and ones, and may also include a point
(don’t call it a decimal point!);
for example: 1101.01 2
• The subscript 2 denotes the base.
Continued:

• The place values of the digits in a binary number are powers of 2.

• Starting at the point and moving to the left, we have the units digit
(1 = 20), the twos digit (2 = 21), the fours digit (4 = 22), the eights di
git, and so on.

• To the right of the point are the halves digit, the quarters digit, the
eighths digit, and so on.
Converting Binary number to Decimal equivalent
• A binary number can be evaluated (and hence converted to
decimal) by writing it in expanded form:
• Example:
1101.012 = 1 X 23 + 1 X 22 + 0 X 21 + 1 X 20 + 0 X 2-1 + 1 X 2-2

= 8 + 4 + 1 + 0.25

= 13.25
• Converting Binary Fraction to Decimal equivalent
.0101 = ? ?
• Think about the bases other than 2 for expanded form.
Converting Decimal number to Binary equivalent

(Leaving out the last step, 1 div 2 = 0 and 1 mod 2 = 1, is a common mistake.
The algorithm does not terminate until the quotient is zero.)
Note: Algorithm will be covered in week 2 Lecture class.
Converting Fraction to Binary equivalent

• To convert a decimal fraction into binary, multiply the decimal


fraction by base 2. This part will be repeated until you will get zero
at fractional part.

• Example: 0.37510 = (0.011)2 Integer Part (read from the top down)

0.375 * 2 = 0.750 0
0.75 * 2 = 1.50 1
0.50 * 2 = 1.00 1
Class Activity

1. Convert 11100101.010112
to its decimal number

2. Convert 1201.375 to its binary number


Arithmetic in Non-Decimal Bases

• The rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing numbers


by hand in bases other than 10 are the same as the rules you learnt
in primary school for the decimal system it is only the tables that
are different.
Addition of Binary Numbers

• Numbers are added in the usual column-by-column fashion. Some


times there will be a 1 to ‘carry’ to the next column.
• Example:
Subtraction of Binary Numbers

• Subtraction can also be done by the usual method.


• Example:
Multiplication of Binary Numbers : multiply by is 0 or 1

• Example:
Division of Binary Numbers

• At each step of the division, the quotation ‘goes into’ the


number either one (if the part of left binary number is greater
than or equal to the divisor), or zero (if it is less than the
number).

• Example:
Class Activity

Evaluate the following binary arithmatics


1. 110112 +1011 2
2. 10001012 -1100112
3. 11012 × 1010 2
4. 1011012 ÷ 1011 2
Summary

• Introduction to Number Systems and Number representation

• Decimal and Binary Number system

• Conversions of values between Decimal and Binary number


systems

• Arithmetic operations in non-decimal Number systems

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