AUTOCAD NOTES

AutoCAD is a software application for computer-aided design and drafting. The software supports
both 2D and 3D formats.
User Interface Tour
The AutoCAD user interface was designed to be intuitive and user-friendly.
This is a typical layout of the AutoCAD window:
The numbered screen is shown in the below image:

The parts of the AutoCAD 2020 display are displayed in the numbers.
1. Application menu/button.
It is present at the upper-left corner of the workspace. To close the application menu, we can click
anywhere outside the application button or window.
The button is shown in the image marked as number 1.
2. Quick Access Toolbar
The Quick Access Toolbar is located at the top of the application window and right of the application
menu. It consists of the set of frequently used commands. We can add and remove the commands
according to the requirements.

3. Ribbon Panel

It provides access to the dialog box related to that panel. If the ribbon panel disappears, then we need
to enter the 'ribbon' on the command line to display the ribbon panel on the workspace.

4. User Coordinate System (UCS)

The UCS is the active coordinate system that represents the XY plane in 2D and XYZ planes in 3D.
It acts as the direction in the X, Y, and Z-axis for drawing and modeling. We can control the origin
and orientation of the UCS to make drawings according to the specific points and coordinates. We
can also work with drawing aids such as Grid and the ortho mode.

The 2D UCS is shown in the given image:

The 3D UCS is shown in the given image:

5. Model Space / Work Space / Drawing Window

It is defined as the area to create 2D and 3D drawings, models, and objects. We can create using
different commands according to the requirements.
6. View Cube
The View Cube is termed as the navigation tool that is displayed when we are working on a 2D or
3D model space. We can switch between the isometric view and the standard view of our drawings
or model.
7. Navigation Bar
The Navigation Bar is used to access the navigation tools. It is a user interface element, where we
can access both unified (common tools) and product-specific tools (unique product tools).
The navigation bar is shown in the below image:
8. Model Layout Tab

A layout is defined as a 2D working environment for creating the drawing sheets.

The model tab is the screen where we create the 2D and 3D drawings.

If the model and layout tab is not visible, then follow the steps given below:

a. We need to click on the AutoCAD option displayed on the top left corner of the screen, shown as

b. Click on the 'Options' button at the bottom.

c. Then on the 'display' option on the top, select the option 'Display Layout and Model tabs' and then
click 'Ok' as shown below:
9. Command Line Window (shortcut key- ctrl+9)

The command line window is used to write the commands. We need to press 'Enter' after typing any
particular command. The AutoCAD also displays the steps after each command on the Command
line. We need to select the option and press 'Enter' after each step.

10. Status Bar

The status bar displays the drawing tools that affect the drawing environment. It provides quick
access to most of the commonly used drawing tools. It includes options such as ISODRAFT,
ORTHOMODE, AUTOSNAP, OSNAP, etc.

11. View Control

The View Control is displayed on the left corner of the viewport. It provides a suitable way to
change views, visual settings, and styles. It includes options such as top, bottom, left, right, etc.

12. Visual Style Control

The Visual Style Control is the customized setting that controls the structure view of the models or
3D drawings created on the Viewport. The options include 2D Wireframe, Realistic, Shaded,
Conceptual, Hidden, etc.

We can also enter the visualstyles on the command line to display the options of the visual style
control.

After entering on the command line, the box will appear displaying clear information with figures for
each option. It is shown in the below image:

13. File Tab

The file tab consists of the current drawing files opened on the screen.
We can also type FILETAB command in the command line to turn on turn on the file tabs. To close
the file tab, we can type FILETABCLOSE command in the command line window.
We can click on the '+' sign to add a new tab on the File Tab.

14. Mouse Cursor

The cursor used to draw figures, etc. is known as the mouse cursor.
The cursor in 2D is shown in the given image:

The cursor in 3D is shown in the given image:

2D to 3D
The steps to convert the 2D display of AutoCAD into 3D are listed below:

 button on the status bar as shown in the below image:Click on the

 The drop-down list will appear. Select the 3D Modeling or 3D Basics option from the drop-
down menu as shown in the below image:

We can select 3D Modeling or 3D basics according to the requirements.

The 3D modeling will include advance commands to create 3D models.

The 3D Basics will include basic icons.

Mouse Controls in AutoCAD

The computer mouse has an important role in AutoCAD. There are three essential parts of a mouse,
namely, the left button, right button, and a scroll wheel.

The image of a mouse displaying its three basic parts is shown in the given image:
The above image displays the role of each part of a mouse.

Let's discuss the role of each part in detail.

Scroll Button

The scroll button in AutoCAD performs two functions, which are given below:

1. ZOOM

When we scroll up the button, it 'zoom out' the screen. When we scroll down the button, it 'zoom
in' the screen.

We can also perform this task by using other commands.

There are two ways to perform this task using the commands, which are discussed below:

a. Right-click on the drawing screen of the AutoCAD. A box will appear as the given image:
Select the Zoom option as marked in the above image.

The zoom button will appear on the screen. We need to continue press the left button of the
mouse and drag up to zoom in and drag down to zoom out.

b. The second option is to select the ZOOM option given on the navigation bar, as shown in the
below image:

Click on the small arrow below the zoom button on the navigation bar. A box will appear as shown
in the below image:
You can select any option according to the requirements. The more you click on the button, the more
you zoom.

2. PAN

To implement PAN using the mouse, we need to press and hold the scroll wheel and then drag. Some
mouse comes with a center button allowing Panning without pressing the scroll wheel. The example
of such type of mouse is CadMouse.

The PAN Button on the screen will appear as the given image:

When we select the area to PAN and drag, the symbol appears as the given image:

We can also control the Panning through the PAN Button on the navigation bar, which will look like
the below image:
After selecting the symbol, we need to click on the area to PAN, click on the left mouse button, and
drag it to a suitable area or space according to the requirements.
We can also select the PAN option by right-clicking on the screen of AutoCAD.
Left Button
The left button of a mouse in AutoCAD plays the most important role from selecting the object to the
completion of a drawing.
In every step of creating either 2D or 3D drawings or models, the role of the left button will be the
prior option.
Right Button
The right button of the mouse in AutoCAD is used for customization; to increase drawing
productivity. The right button is also used as a shortcut menu.
Let's understand with an example.
When we right-click on the screen of the AutoCAD, a dialogue box opens as shown in the given
image:

The 'Options...' is widely used in the 2D and 3D drawings or models in AutoCAD.

After selecting, a dialogue box appears as shown in the below image:

The categories under the 'Options...' display the various profiles, which will be used further for
multiple purposes.

The other purposes related to the right-click are discussed below:

a) We can change the customization setting of Time-sensitive right-click.

We can use this method to set a quick click equal to the 'Enter'.

If we right-click quickly before the 250 milliseconds duration, it works equivalent to pressing Enter.
If we take longer time, then it will open the shortcut menu.

The steps to change such setting are listed below:

 Click on the Application menu on the top left corner shown as.
 Select the 'Options' at the bottom of the box. A dialogue box will appear as the given image:
 Select the 'User Preferences' and click on the option 'Right-click Customization…' as
shown in the above image. A dialogue box will appear as the below image:
  You can turn on the setting according to the requirements. The default time is 250
milliseconds.
 Click on 'Apply & Close'.

b) We can also turn off the shortcut menus in the drawing area.

The steps are listed below:

 Click on the Application menu on the top left corner shown as.
 In the dialogue box click on 'Options' , then select the 'User Preferences' and clear the
shortcut menus in the drawing area as shown in the below image:
  Click on, OK.

Selection Method in AutoCAD

The selection method is used to select individual objects. It can also be used to select particular
objects from a group.

Picking drawing elements becomes difficult sometimes as most of the tools require it. The selection
methods make the process of selecting drawing elements easier.

Note: Here, we have specified the command line. It is also called as a command prompt.

The types of selection methods used in AutoCAD are:

1. Cross Window Selection

2. Box Selection
3. Fence Selection
4. Previous Selection
5. Last Selection
6. All Selection
 7. Lasso Selection
8. Fast Select Selection
9. Window Polygon Selection
10. Crossing window Polygon Selection
11. Multiple Selection
12. Group Selection
13. Remove Selection
14. Add Selection

1. Cross Window Selection

It is also called a green selection because the selection area looks green in color. We need to move
our cursor from right to left (R to L). The objects in this selection only need to be touched by the
selection line.
Let's understand by example.
The image for such an example is given below:
 For selection, click the 1st point on the right side and 2nd point on the left side (on the object).

Here, to select the objects, only touch the objects by the selection window.

2. Box Selection
It is also called a blue selection because the selection area looks blue in color. We need to move our
cursor from left to right (L to R).The objects in this selection need to be fully covered by the
selection window. Otherwise, the object will not be selected.
Let's understand by example.
The image for such an example is given below:
 For selection, click on the 1st point on the left side and 2nd point on the right side (on the
object).
Here, to select the objects, enclose the objects within the selection window.

3. Fence Selection
The selection is performed by specifying the fence, which touches the objects to be selected.
To activate the Fence Selection, the steps are listed below:
 Type F on the command line.
 Press Enter.
 Specify the fence on the objects. We can specify as many endpoints by clicking on it.
 Press Enter after finishing.
Let's understand by example. The example is to move the selected objects.
The steps for such task are given below:
 Create some objects.
 Type Move or M on the command line.
 Now, type F on the command line.
 Press Enter.
 Specify the fence on the objects by clicking.
 Press Enter two times after finishing.
 Specify the point for the displacement of moving objects.
 Move the objects.
The image for the above example is shown below:
4. Previous Selection

To activate the previous selection, type P in the command line or command prompt. It will select the
previously selected objects or entities.
5. Last Selection

To activate the last selection, type L in the command line or command prompt. It will select the last
created or latest created objects in the current viewport.
6. All Selection

It is used to select all the objects present on the viewport, except those objects on which frozen or
locked layers are applied.

Type All on the command line being in the selection mode to activate the selection process.

If we want to remove some objects after all selection, press the Shift key and select the objects to be
removed.
7. Lasso Selection

The lasso selection is similar to the cross and box selection. We can select the objects in any shape.

If we drag the pointer to the right, it will be the box selection.

The image for such an example is given below:

If we drag the pointer to the left, it will be the cross selection.

The image for such an example is given below:

8. Fast Select Selection

It selects the objects transparently. All the objects touching it will be selected.

To activate it, type FS on the command line. Select the objects and press Enter after finishing.

It increases the speed of selection. We can also select objects individually.

We need to activate the FSMODE before implementing it.

Type FS on the command line to activate the mode.

9. Window Polygon Selection
The window polygon selection is similar to the window selection method. But here, we can define an
unlimited point for a particular window.
We need to type WP on the command line to activate it.
Let's understand with an example.
The steps to move some objects of a polar array using window polygon selection are listed below:
 Create objects.
 Type Move or M on the command line.
 Now, type WP on the command line.
 Specify the first polygon point.
 Specify the endpoint of that line.
 Enclose the objects in the selection area by clicking the endpoints around the objects.
 We need to ensure that the polygon segments (a line that is covering the object) should not
intersect.
 Press Enter two times after finishing.
 Specify the displacement point.
 Move the objects.

The image for the above example is given below:

10. Crossing window Polygon Selection

The crossing window polygon selection is similar to the cross selection method. But here, we can
define an unlimited point for a particular window.

We need to type CP on the command line to activate it.

Let's understand with an example.

The steps to move some objects of a polar array using window polygon selection are listed below:

 Create objects.
 Type Move or M on the command line.
 Now, type CP on the command line.
 Specify the first polygon point.
 Specify the endpoint of that line.
  Touch the objects in the selection area by clicking the endpoints around the objects.
We need to ensure that the polygon segments (the line that is touching the object) should not
intersect.
 Press Enter two times after finishing.
 Specify the displacement point.
 Move the objects.

The image for the above example is given below:

11. Multiple Selection

The multiple selections allow selecting individual objects without being highlighted during the
selection process.
We need to type M in the command line or command prompt to activate it.
12. Group Selection

The group selection method selects the group name.

13. Remove Selection

It allows removing the selected objects. We need to type R in the command line being in the
selection mode to activate the remove selection.
14. Add Selection

It reverses the removal of the selected objects and adds them to the current selection set. We need to
type A in the command line being in the selection mode to activate the add selection.

AutoCAD Units

The units are used to represent the dimensions in AutoCAD. The units are categorized into length,
angle, insertion scale, and lighting.
We can change the units according to the requirements.
We can access the units in AutoCAD using two ways, as discussed below:

1. First way:
The steps for the first method are listed below:
 Click on the Application Menu button, which will look like the given image:

 Select the Drawing Utilities and then select Units.

 The dialog box of units will appear on the screen.
2. Second way:
The steps for the second method are listed below:
 Type Units or UN on the command line or command prompt.
 Press Enter or Spacebar.
 The dialog box of units will appear on the screen.
The Units dialog box will look like the below image:

Let's discuss the Units dialog box in detail.

Length Type

The drop-down list under Length type will look like the below image:
  Architectural Units
The architectural units are based on the feet and inches. It uses fractions to represents the
partial inches. It displays feet and inches in the format of decimals and fractions. For
example, 4'- 5 1/2".
Here, single quotes (') signifies feet and double quotes (") signifies inches.
 Decimal Units
The decimal units can be represented as an inch, meter, millimeter, or any other unit.
 Engineering Units
The engineering units are like architectural units, but they represent the feet and inches in the
format of the decimal. For example, 4'5.5000".
 Fractional Units
The fractional units are the unitless decimal units, which display the value in fractions rather
than decimals. For example, 5/2.
It also represents whole numbers or whole numbers with fractions. For example, 5 ½.
 Scientific Units
The scientific units are used to display the units in the form of the decimal value raised to a
power. It displays the value of exponents. For example, 2.600E + 04. It is used to display
large values.
Angle Type
The angle type consists of the units such as radians, minutes, seconds, etc. We can select these units
according to the requirements.
The drop-down list under angle type will look like the below image:

Let's discuss each type in detail.

 Decimal Degrees
It displays the angle value in decimals.
  Deg/Min/Sec
AutoCAD uses d for representing degree because there is no keyword for the degree on the
keyboard of the computer. For example, 10d20'21". Here, single quotes (') signifies minutes
and double quotes (") signifies seconds.
 Grad and Radians
The Grads and Radians are the mathematical units.
Since Circumference = 2*pi*r.
So, in a full circle there are 2 pi radians.
1 radian = 63.66 grad = 57.3 degrees
 Surveyor's Units
The surveyor's units are similar to the grad and radians but use quadrants instead of a full
circle.
Angle Measure
To measure the angle clockwise, click on the clockwise box to activate it.
The option is present under the angle. It will look like the given image:

It measures the angle in the clockwise direction, instead of the counter-clockwise direction

Precision
The precision value in AutoCAD determines the number of decimal places displayed in the
corresponding unit. The decimals are round off to the specified precision value.
The drop-down list under precision will look like the below image:
We can select the precision value according to the requirements.
Insertion Scale
The insertion scale consists of the units to insert in the content. We can select the units from the
drop-down list according to the requirements.
The drop-down list under Insertion Scale will look like the below image:

Lighting
It specifies the lighting units for the drawing. It enables generic or photometric lights.
When the lighting unit is set to American (also called as foot-notes) and international, it enables the
photometric lighting.
The default or no lighting unit enables the standard (generic) lighting. It sets the value to 0 to
maintain the backward compatibility.

We can also type LIGHTINGUNITS in the command line or command prompt to activate it.

The LIGHTINGUNITS value is set to 0 to activate the standard lighting.

The LIGHTINGUNITS value is set to 1 to activate the American lighting.

The LIGHTINGUNITS value is set to 2 to activate the International lighting.

The drop-down list under Lighting will look like the below image:

What is photometric lighting?

The photometric lighting uses light energy values, which gives a realistic and natural appearance to a
scene. It defines lights more accurately as it would be in the real world.
Direction
The values for the directions are listed in the below table:
Value Direction

0 East

90 North

180 West

270 South

Other Used to specify other angle value

The steps to set the direction are given below:

1. Type Units or UN on the command line or command prompt.
2. Press Enter or Spacebar.The dialog box of units will appear on the screen.
 3. Click on the direction option at the bottom, as shown in the below image:

4. A dialog box will appear, as shown in the below image:

5. Under the Base Angle, enter 0 for the default angle direction. The default degree is 0 (East),
and direction is counter-clockwise.
The angle change is required in drafting.

We can select and specify any angle according to the requirements.

The dialogue box for Move in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
Copy

Icon:

The copy command is used to copy the objects at a specified distance or direction. It creates copies
of the original object. We need to use the drag-drop method to copy the objects in our drawing.
The dialogue box for Copy in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Stretch

Icon:
It is used to stretch an object. To stretch an object, we need to select that, specify the base point, and
then stretch it, according to the specified distance or in a particular direction.
The objects that are partially enclosed by a crossing window can be stretched. The objects such as
circle, ellipse, etc. cannot be stretched.
The dialogue box for Stretch in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Rotate

Icon:

The rotate command is used to rotate an object. We need to select the object, mark the base point and
rotate by specifying the angle or points.
The dialogue box for Rotate in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
Mirror

Icon:

The mirror commands create a mirror image of the selected object. We need to specify the first and
second points of a mirror line to create a mirror image.
The dialogue box for Mirror in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Scale

Icon:
The Scale command is used to increase or decrease the size of the object by a specified factor. If we
specify the value 0 to 1, the size of the object will scale down by that factor. If we want to increase
the size of the object, we need to specify the value more than 1.
The proportion of the object remains the same after scaling.
The dialogue box for Scaling in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Trim

Icon:

It is used to trim the objects and project the cutting edges. We need to select the particular object to
trim.
The dialogue box for Trim in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes theExtend icon. The list will appear as the
below image:

The Extend command is used to extend the objects to meet the edges of other objects.

The dialogue box for Extend in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Fillet

Icon:
The fillet is defined as a curves transition between the two surfaces or adjacent faces of an object in
3D. The fillet command is used to round and fillet the edges of the objects in 2D.
The dialogue box for Fillet in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes different types to modify the edges. The list
will appear as the below image:

The dialogue box for Chamfer in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
A chamfer is defined as the transitional edge between the two faces of an object.

The dialogue box for Blend Curves in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

It is used to create the smooth curve lines between the two endpoints of two open curves.

Rectangular Array

Icon:
The rectangular array command is used to distribute the copies of the selected object into the
combination of rows, columns, and levels.
The arrangement of the copied object is in the form of the rectangle. The rows and columns are filled
with an equal number of items in a particular row or column.
The dialogue box for a Rectangular Array in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes types of array. The list will appear as the below
image:

The Path Array distributes the copies of the object along its path. We need to select the
corresponding path to distribute the array.
The dialogue box for Path Array in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
The Polar Array distributes the copies of the object along the circular path around a center point.
We need to specify the center to distribute the array. We can also modify the number of items,
angles, rows, and levels of a polar array.
The dialogue box for Polar Array in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Erase

Icon:

The erase command is used to remove or erase the selected objects from the drawing. We can also
erase faces, meshes, etc., in 3D.
We need to enter L to erase the last object drawn and P to erase the previous selection set.

The dialogue box for Erase in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Explode

Icon:

The explode command is used to break the object into its components. It explodes a compound
object when we need to modify the elements of the object separately.
A compound object is an object formed with a combination of two or more objects.
The objects that can be exploded are blocks, polylines, etc.
The dialogue box for Explode in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
Offset

Icon:

The offset is used to create concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves in our drawing. We
need to specify the distance to offset the object. After the offset, we can modify that object
accordingly.
The dialogue box for Offset in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
Multiline Text

Icon:

It is used to add multiple lines of text. We can create several paragraphs of text as a single multiline
text.
We can justify the height of the text either by cursor or by specifying the height.
The dialogue box for Multiline Text in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes Single Line text. The list will appear as the
below image:

The line in Single Line text is independent. We can modify each line separately.

The dialogue box for Single Line text in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

Dimension

Icon:
The dimension command creates multiple types of dimensions. It includes types such as linear
dimension, angular dimension, etc.
Linear Dimension

Icon:

The linear dimension command creates a linear dimension with the dimension line. The dimension
line can be horizontal, vertical, or rotated.
The dialogue box for Linear Dimension in AutoCAD will look like the given image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes different types of dimensions. The list will
appear as the below image:
Leader

Icon:

The leader command is used to create a multi-leader object. It consists of an arrowhead, a horizontal
landing, a leader line, or curve.
It also consists either of a multiline text object or a block.
It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes different types of leaders. The list will appear
as the below image:

Table

Icon:

The table command creates an empty table with the specified rows and columns. The data in the
table in AutoCAD can also be linked to the data in the Microsoft Excel worksheet.
The dialogue box for Table in AutoCAD will look like the given image:
Layer Properties
The layer properties are used to manage the layers. These properties define the layer settings and
provides the choice of layers.
The layers include properties such as isolate, freeze, lock, unlock, etc.
Insert block

Icon:

The Insert block is used to insert a block or drawing into the current drawing.
The blocks are stored in the block library. A block library stores block definitions or drawing files,
each of which can be inserted as a block. The blocks created are accessible by the multiple users as
well.
Create block

Icon:

The Create Block is used to create block definition from the selected objects.
We can create a block by selecting the objects, specifying the name and insertion point.
Block Editor

Icon:
The Block Editor opens the block definition.
It is the separate environment used to create and edit the blocks for the current drawing. We can also
use the Block Editor to add dynamic behavior to the block.

Single Block Edit

The Single Block Edit is used to edit the values, text options, and properties of each attribute in a
block.
Icon:

The Multiple Block Edit is used to edit the variable attributes individually or globally.

Utilities

Icon:

The utilities option in AutoCAD includes options such as Select all, Calculator, Quick Select, Quick
Measure Geometry, Point Style, and IP Point.
It consists of a drop-down list as shown in the below image:

Clipboard

Icon:
The clipboard command includes options such as Copy, Cut, and Paste.

It consists of a drop-down list shown in the below image:

View

Icon:

The View consists of the Base view and section visual style.

It consists of a drop-down list shown in the below image:

Icons of 3D Basics Display

3D Basics
The 3D Basics include the basic icons and commands needed to create 3D models.

The option to select 3D Basics is available on the status bar as shown in the below image:

The drop-down list will appear, as shown in the given image:

When we select the 3D Basics option, the ribbon panel of AutoCAD will look like the given image:

The 3D Basics interfaces are given below:

 Create
 Edit
 Draw
 Modify
 Selection
 Coordinates
 Layers & View

The 3D Basics pull-down menus are given below:

 Home
 Visualize
 Insert
 View
 Manage
 Output
  Add-ins
 Collaborate
 Express tools
 Featured Apps

Note: When we point the mouse on a particular icon, a dialogue box will appear specifying
the information about that icon.

The icons on the ribbon panel of the 3D Basics display are listed below:

 Box

Icon:

The Box command is used to create a 3D box with a particular length, height, and width.

We can specify the axis and the dimensions to create a 3D box.

This icon will look like the below image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains various shapes. The list will appear as the
below image:
  Extrude

Icon:

The Extrude command is used to create a 3D solid from an object, which either encloses an area or
the object with open ends.

We need to specify the direction through the mouse and height to extrude.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Extrude will look like the given image:

 Revolve

Icon:
It is used to create a 3D surface or solid by sweeping an object around its axis.

The closed profile creates a solid or surface, while the open profiles creates surfaces.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Revolve will look like the given image:

 Loft

Icon:

The loft command is used to create a 3D solid or surface by specifying a series of cross-sections. The
cross-section can be open or closed, enclosed or hollow, planar or non-planar, etc.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Loft will look like the given image:
  Sweep

Icon:

The sweep command is used to create a 3D solid or surface by sweeping a 3D or 2D curve along its
path.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Sweep will look like the given image:
  Presspull

Icon:

The Presspull command is used to create a 3D solid or surface by clicking on the 2D object boundary
that we want to extrude.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Presspull will look like the given image:
  Union

Icon:

The Union command is used to combine the 2D and 3D surface or regions into a single 3D solid,
surface, or a composite region.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Union will look like the given image:
  Subtract

Icon:

The Subtract command is used to create a 2D or 3D region object by subtracting one set from the
other, overlapping set of the existing regions.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Subtract will look like the given image:
  Intersect

Icon:

The Intersect command is used to create a solid 3D region from the common volume of two or more
existing 3D solids. To make a complex model, we can extrude 2D profiles and make them intersect.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Intersect will look like the given image:

 Line

Icon:

The line command is used to create a line. We need to specify the endpoints of a line either by
mouse or by determining the distance. With the help of the line command, we can also create
multiple line segments.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Line will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains various line types. The list will appear as the
below image:

 Polygon

Icon:

The polygon command is used to create a polygon with any number of sides. We need to mention
the number of sides.

The polygon can also be drawn circumscribed (polygon outside the circle) and inscribed (polygon
inside the circle).

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Polygon will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains various styles. The list will appear as the below
image:

 Move

Icon:

The move command is used to move an object from one point to another at a specified distance.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Move will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains other drawing features. The list will appear as
the below image:

The above options are used to rotate any object by a specified angle, scale by specific value.

 Offset

Icon:

The offset command is used to create parallel curves, parallel lines, and concentric circles. Through a
point, we can offset the object at a specified distance.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Offset will look like the given image:
  Copy

Icon:

The copy command is used to create copies of the object by drag and drop method between the
drawings.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Copy will look like the given image:

 Erase
Icon:

The erase command is used to delete an object.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Erase will look like the given image:

 3D Mirror

Icon:

The 3D Mirror command is used to create mirror image of a 3D object. We need to specify the three
points to define a mirroring plane.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for 3D Mirror will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains other 3D drawing effects. The list will appear
as the below image:

 Culling

Icon:

The culling command is used to highlight all the hidden parts by rolling it over the 3D objects. It
highlights the object that is normal in the current view.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for 3D Culling will look like the given image:
  No Filter

Icon:

No Filter command is used to highlight all objects when we roll over on that object.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for No Filter will look like the given image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains the filter types. The list will appear as the below
image:

 Move Gizmo

Icon:

The Move Gizmo command is used to rotate, scale, and move the selected object with respect to a
3D axis.

It is used in the assembling of the 3D objects.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Move Gizmo will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which contains its types. The list will appear as the below
image:

 World

Icon:

The World is used as the fixed Cartesian coordinate system, also called WCS (World Coordinate
System).

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for World will look like the given image:

 X

Icon:
The X is used to rotate the UCS (User Coordinate System) about the X-axis.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for X will look like the given image:

It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes option for rotation about Y and Z-axis. The list
will appear as the below image:

 3 Point

Icon:

The 3 Point is used to determine the three points of the X, Y, and Z-axis at the object. It sets the new
UCS with points mentioned by your mouse.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for 3 Point will look like the given image:
It also consists of the drop-down list, which includes an option for its different views. The list will
appear as the below image:

 Layer properties

Icon:

The Layer Properties are used to enhance the floor plan or drawings. We can include many layers
of different names, colors, width, linetype, etc., in our drawing. The object displays the color set on
each layer.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD for Layer Properties will look like the given image:
 Layers & View

Icon:

The Layers & Views provides the settings and the choice of the layer in the drawing.

The Shaded section provides the choice of visual styles.

The drop-down list of this section appears as the given image:

The Unsaved View section is used to restore the previously saved views.

The dialogue box in AutoCAD appear as the below image:

The drop-down list of this section appears as the given image: