STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

QUARTER 4 – Lesson 5

Learning Outcome(s): At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to;
1. define and calculate the mean, median and mode;
2. construct data tables that facilitate the calculation of mean, median, mode, and range; and
3. determine which measure of central tendency is best to use in a given circumstance.

CHAPTER 3
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (2)
MEDIAN

Median is what divides the scores in the distribution into two equal parts. Fifty percent (50%) lies below the median value
and 50% lies above the median value. It is also known as the middle score of the 50th percentile.

Median of Ungrouped Data

1. Arrange the scores (from lowest to highest or highest to lowest).
2. Determine the middle most score in a distribution if n is an odd number. Get the average of the two middle most scores if n
is an even number.
Example: Find the median score of 7 students in an English Class: 2, 17, 19, 5, 15, 10, 16
Answer: 19, 17, 16, 15, 10, 5, 2

Example: Find the median score of 8 students in an English Class: 2, 17, 19, 5, 15, 10, 16, 30
Answer: 30, 19, 17, 16, 15, 10, 5, 2 = 16 + 15
2
= 15.5
Median for Grouped Data
Formula: n
= LB + 2 - cfp (ί)
fm

Where: = median value

MC = median class is a category containing the n/2
LB = lower boundary of the median class (MC) minus 0.5
cfp = cumulative frequency before the median class if the scores are arranged from lowest to highest value
fm = frequency of the median class
ί = class interval

Steps in Solving Median for Grouped Data

1. Complete the table for cf<.
2. Get n/2 of the scores in the distribution so that you can identify MC.
3. Determine LB, cfp, fm and ί.
4. Solve the median using the formula.

Example: Scores of 40 students in a Science class consist of 60 items and they are tabulated below. The highest score is 54 and the
lowest score is 10.
X f cf< Solution:
10 – 14 5 5 n = 40 = 20
15 – 19 2 7 2 2
20 – 24 3 10 The category containing n/2 is 35 – 39
25 – 29 5 15 LL of the MC = 35
30 – 34 2 17 (cfp) LB = 34.5
35 – 39 9 (fm) 26 cfp = 17
40 – 44 6 32 fm = 9
45 – 49 3 35 ί=5
50 – 54 5 40
n = 40
n
= LB + 2 - cfp (ί)
fm
= 34.5 + 20 – 17 (5)
9
= 34.5 + 15/9
= 36.17

Properties of Median
 1. It may not be an actual observation of the data set.
2. It can be applied in ordinal level.
3. It is not affected by extreme values because median is a positional measure.

When to Use Median

1. The exact midpoint of the score distribution is desired.
2. There are extreme scores in the distribution.

MODE
The mode or the modal score is a score or scores that occurred most in the distribution. It is classified as unimodal,
bimodal, trimodal or multimodal.
Unimodal is a distribution of scores that consists of only one mode. Bimodal is a distribution of scores that consists of two
modes. Trimodal is a distribution of scores that consists of three modes and multimodal is a distribution of scores that consists of
more than two modes.
Example: Scores of 10 students in Section A, Section B, and Section C.
Section A Section B Section C
25 25 25 The score that appeared most in Section A is 20, hence, the mode of Section A is 20.
24 24 25 There is only one mode, therefore score distribution is unimodal.
24 24 25
20 20 22 The modes of Section B are 18 and 24, since both 18 and 24 appeared twice. There are
20 18 21 two modes in Section B, hence, the distribution is a bimodal distribution.
20 18 21
16 17 21 The modes for Section C are 18, 21, and 25. There are three modes for Section C,
12 10 18 therefore, it is called trimodal or multimodal distribution.
10 9 18
7 7 18
Mode for Grouped Data
In solving the mode value in grouped data, use the formula:
Mo = LB + d1 (ί)
d1 + d2
Where: LB = lower boundary of the modal class minus 0.5
Modal Class (MC) = is a category containing the highest frequency
d1 = different between the frequency of the modal class and the frequency above it, when the scores are arranged from
lowest to highest
d2 = difference between the frequency of the modal class and the frequency below it, when the scores are arranged from
lowest to highest
ί = class interval

Example: Scores of 40 students in a Science class consist of 60 items and they are tabulated below. The highest score is 54 and the
lowest score is 10.
X f Solution:
10 – 14 5 Modal Class = 35 – 39
15 – 19 2 LL of MC = 35
20 – 24 3 LB = 34.5
25 – 29 5 d1 = 9 – 2 = 7
30 – 34 2 d2 = 9 – 6 = 3
35 – 39 9 ί=5
40 – 44 6
45 – 49 3 M o = LB + d1 (ί)
50 – 54 5 d1 + d2
n = 40 M = 34.5 + 7 (5)
o

7+3
Mo = 34.5 + 35/10
Mo = 38

The mode of the score distribution that consists of 40 students is 38, because 38 occurred several times.

PROPERTIES OF MODE
1. It can be used when the data are qualitative as well as quantitative.
2. It may not be unique.
3. It is affected by extreme values.
4. It may not exist.
WHEN TO USE MODE
1. When the ‘typical’’ value is desired.
2. When the data set is measured on a nominal scale.
 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
QUARTER 3 – MODULE 5

NAME: Grade Level & Strand: Teacher’s Name:

Activity 1. Problem. Prepare a Frequency Distribution Table and compute for the mean, median and mode for the
following Grouped Data. Show your solution.

1.
X F
0 – 10 7
10 – 20 8
20 – 30 12
30 – 40 13
40 – 50 10
n = 50

2.
X f
50 – 70 18
70 – 90 12
90 – 110 13
110 – 130 27
130 – 150 8
150 – 170 22
n = 100