AXIS EDUCATION EQUATION GRAPH GR-2

Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Subject: Maths B

𝑥2 6
1. (a) Complete the table for 𝑦 = 3
+ 𝑥 2 − 5, giving your values of y to 2 decimal places.
𝑥 1 1.5 2 3 3.5 4 5
𝑦 -2.17 -1.33 -0.43
(b) On the graph paper, using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on each axis and taking 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 and – 5 ≤ y ≤ 4,
plot the points from your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
(c) By drawing and labeling a straight line on your graph, find estimates, to 1 decimal place, of the 2 solutions of the
𝑥2 6
equation 3
+ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0 in the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ 5.
𝑥2 6
(d) By drawing and labeling another straight line on your graph, explain why the equation 3
+ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 0 has no
solution in the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ 5.
𝑥2 6
(e) Determine, to 1 decimal place from your graph, the value of x in the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 for which + − 5 has a
3 𝑥2
minimum value.
2. From the top of a solid right circular cylinder of height h cm and base diameter d cm, a hemisphere of diameter d
cm is removed, as shown in Figure, to form a solid S. Given that h + d = 20, and
that r cm is the radius of the cylinder,
(a) Write down an expression for h in terms of r.
The volume of S is V cm3.
(b) Write down a formula for V in terms of 𝜋, h and r.
1
(c) Hence show that 𝑉 = 3
𝜋𝑟 2 (60 − 8𝑟)
(d) Using calculus, find the value of r for which V has a maximum value.
1
(e) Complete the table for 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 (60 − 8𝑟), giving each value of V to the
3
nearest integer.

r 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
60  8r 60 52 36 28 4
1 2
r 0 1.047 9.425 16.76 51.31
3
V 0 54 339 469 205

(f) On graph paper, using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the 𝑟 – axis and 2 cm to represent 50 units on the 𝑉 –
1
axis, draw the graph of 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 (60 − 8𝑟), for values of r from 0 to 7
(g) From your graph, find an estimate, to one decimal place, of the two values of r for which V = 400
3. The equation of a curve is given by 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥
(a) Complete the table for 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥, giving your values of y to 2 decimal places.

𝑥 -2 - 1.5 -1 - 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

𝑦 -2 3 0 - 2.63 -5 - 6.38 -6 3

(b) On the graph paper using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw the x-axis for 2  x  4 and the
y-axis for 7  y  4 . On graph paper, plot the points from your completed table and join them to form a smooth
curve.
(c) From your graph, estimate the range of values for x for which 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 < 1
(d) By drawing a suitable straight line on your graph, find estimates of the 3 values of x which satisfy the equation
2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 1 = 0.
4. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1
(a) Complete the table, giving your values of y to 2 decimal places, where appropriate.
𝑥 -2.5 -1.5 -1.25 -1 0 1 1.25 1.5 2.5
𝑥3 -15.63 -1.95 0 1 15.63
-5𝑥 12.5 6.25 0 -5 -12.5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑦 -2.13 5.30 1.00 -3.00 4.13

(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on each axis and taking –3 ≤ x ≤ 3 and –4 ≤ y ≤ 6, plot the points from
your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
(c) Find from your graph, the value of x to 1 decimal place, at which 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 has
(i) a maximum value, (ii) a minimum value.
(d) From your graph estimate the sets of values of x for which 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 > 0
(e) By drawing and labeling a suitable line, find estimates for the 3 values of x, to 1 decimal place, which are the
solutions of the equation 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0.
5. (a) For 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 + 40, complete the table
𝑥 -2 -1.5 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2𝑥 3 -16 0 2 16 250
2 -44 0 -11 -44 -275
-11𝑥
+40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
𝑦 -20 40 31 12 15
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 10 units on the y-axis, plot the points
from your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
(c) By drawing a tangent, calculate an estimate of the gradient of the curve with equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 + 40 at
the point where x = 2.
(d) From your graph obtain, to 1 decimal place, the ranges of values of x for which 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 + 40 < 0
(e) By drawing a straight line on your graph, obtain to 1 decimal place the three roots of the equation 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 +
4𝑥 + 20 = 0
16
6. Given that y  16  x 2  ,
x2
(a) Complete the table below, giving your answers to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
x 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
- x2 -1 -1.56 -6.25 -9
16
 -16 -10.24 -2.56 -1.78
x2
y -1 4.20 7.19 5.22
16
(b) Draw the graph of y  16  x 2  for 1  x  4 , taking 4 cm for one unit on the x-axis and 1 cm for one unit on
x2
the y-axis.
16
(c) From your graph, write down the range of values of x for which 16  x 2  6.
x2
(d) By drawing a tangent on your graph, find the gradient of the curve at the point where x  2.5 .
 3
(e) Using the same axes, draw the straight line with equation y  x2.
4
16 3
(f) Hence estimate, to one decimal place, two roots of the equation 16  x 2   x2
x2 4
2 x2
Given that y   ,x 0,
x 2
7. (a) Complete the table, giving your values to 2 decimal places, where appropriate. [3]
𝑥 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
2
8 4 1.33 0.8 0.67
x
x2
0.03 0.13 1.13 3.13 4.5
2
𝑦 8.03 4.13 2.46 3.93 5.17
(b) On graph paper, using a scale of 4 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis, and 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the y-axis
and taking 0  x  4 and 0  y  9 , plot the points from your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
(c) By drawing a suitable tangent on your graph, calculate, to 1 decimal place, an estimate of the gradient of the
2 x2
curve with equation y   at the point where x = 0.75.
x 2
2 x2
(d) From your graph obtain, to 1 decimal place, the set of values of x for which  5.
x 2
2 x2
(e) Show that the equation   x  3 can be written as x 3  2 x 2  6 x  4  0 .
x 2
(f) By drawing and labeling a suitable straight line on your graph, find estimates, to 1 decimal place, for the roots of
the equation x 3  2 x 2  6 x  4  0 that are in the interval 0.25  x  4 .
10
8. (a) For y  5x  , Complete the table, giving your values of y to one decimal place, where appropriate.
x
𝑥 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4
5x 1.25 5 7.5 20
10
40 10 6.67 2.5
x
𝑦 41.3 15 14.2 22.5
(b) On graph paper, using a scale of 4 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 4 cm to represent 10 units on the y-
axis, plot the points from your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
10
(c) By drawing a tangent, calculate an estimate of the gradient of the curve with equation y  5x  at the point
x
for which x = 1.
10
(d) From your graph estimate, to one decimal place, the values of x for which 5x   20 .
x
(e) Draw the graph of the straight line y  10 x  40 , using the same axes.
10
(f) Show that 5x   40  10 x simplifies to 3x 2  8 x  2  0 .
x
(g) Use your graphs to estimate the two roots of the equation 3x 2  8 x  2  0 .
9. Figure shows an open rectangular tank whose base is a square of side x meters and whose volume is 8 m3 .
(a) Write down an expression in terms of x for the height of the tank.

(b) Show that the surface area of the tank is  x 2   m2 .

32
 x 
32
(c) Complete the given table of value for y  x 2  .
x
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
x2 1 16 36
32
32 8 5.33
x
y 33 24 41.33
(d) On graph paper, using a scale of 2 cm to represent one unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 5 units on the y-
axis, plot the points from your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
(e) From your graph find the value of x for which the tank has a minimum surface area.
Given that the surface area is 27m2 ,
(f) Write down the two possible values of x.
10. (a)Given that y  4  4 x  x 2 , Complete the table.
x 1 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 4.5 5
x 2
1 0 1 4 9 20.25 25
+4x 4 2 0 4 12 16 18 20
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1y 4 7 7 1.75 1
(b) On graph paper, using a scale of 2 cm for one unit on the x-axis and 2 cm for one unit on the y-axis, plot the
points from your completed table and join them to form a smooth curve.
(c) From your graph find, to 1 decimal place, the range of values of x for which 4  4 x  x 2  6 .
(d) By drawing a tangent, find the gradient of the curve at the point at which x = 1.
(e) Use your graph to solve, to 1 decimal place, the equation 4  4 x  x 2  0 .
(f) By drawing a suitable straight line solve, to 1 decimal place, the equation 1  3x  x 2  0 .
Answers

1. (a) 𝑦 = 1.33, -1.58. 0.71, 3.57 (c) 1.3. 4.7 (d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 – 5 does not intersect the curve (e) 2.1

2
2. (a) ℎ = 20-2𝑟 (b) 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ − 𝜋𝑟 3 (d) 𝑟 = 5 (e) 𝑉 = 184, 524, 452 (g) 3.4, 6.3
3

3. (a) 𝑦 = 1.88, 2.13, -3.13 (c) 𝑥 < -1.7, -0.2<𝑥<2.9 (d) -1.8, -0.1, 2.9

4. (a) 𝑦 =5.12, 5.00, -3.30, -3.12 (c)(i) -1.3 (ii) 1.3 (d) -2.3<𝑥<0.2, 𝑥>2.1 (e) -2.1, 0.3, 1.9

5. (a) 𝑦 = 8.5, 27, -5, -8 (c) -20 (d) 𝑥 <-1.7, 2.6 < 𝑥< 4.5 (e) -1.1, 2, 4.6

6. (a) (a) 𝑦 = 6.64, 8, 2.44, -1 (c) 1.4<𝑥<2.8 (d) -2.93 (f) 1.2, 3.2

7. (a) 𝑦 = 2.5, 3, 6.70, 8.5 (c) -2.8 (d) 0.4<𝑥<3.0 (f) 0.6, 3.4

8. (a) 𝑦 = 22.5, 15, 18.3 (c) 5 (d) 0.6, 3.4 (g) 0.3, 2.4

8
9. (a) m (c) 𝑦 = 20, 19.67, 31.40 (e) 2.5 (f) 1.25, 4.5
𝑥2

10. (a) 𝑦 = 1.75, 8, 4 (c) 0.6<𝑥<3.4 (d) 2 (e) 0.8, 4.8 (f)  0.3, 3.3